CN1126464A - α-磷酸三钙陶瓷及其生产方法 - Google Patents

α-磷酸三钙陶瓷及其生产方法 Download PDF

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CN1126464A
CN1126464A CN95190275A CN95190275A CN1126464A CN 1126464 A CN1126464 A CN 1126464A CN 95190275 A CN95190275 A CN 95190275A CN 95190275 A CN95190275 A CN 95190275A CN 1126464 A CN1126464 A CN 1126464A
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tricalcium phosphate
powder
type alpha
alpha tricalcium
phosphate ceramic
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梅津义一
林靖
吉泽和刚
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    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/447Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on phosphates, e.g. hydroxyapatite

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Abstract

一种适用为骨填料,有优良生物混溶性的高纯α-磷酸三钙陶瓷制品及其生产方法,经湿法使粉料成型,接着烧结,然后在预定速率下进一步冷却。

Description

α-磷酸三钙陶瓷及其生产方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种主要用作骨填料的有优良生物混溶性的α-磷酸三钙陶瓷,及其生产方法。
背景技术
过去,羟基磷灰石和β-磷酸三钙的陶瓷因用作骨填料而众所周知。已知这些陶瓷是生物活性材料,且能与天然骨头直接相连。通常,当这些材料被植入骨内时,在体内,骨与材料界面形成一层生物磷灰石薄层。新骨头即从此处开始形成。也就是在材料表面形成生物磷灰石后,认为材料很少被溶解或吸收。实际上,这些材料在体内被缓慢吸收,从未被一个新骨头完全替代。
另一方面,据说α-磷酸三钙在骨和材料界面不形成生物磷灰石层,与羟基磷灰石和β-磷酸三钙相比,在体内更快地被吸收,有很大能力形成新骨头。理想的骨填料应有很大的骨形成能力且完全消失,彻底被骨替换。很久以来,人们曾考虑是否可能生产α-磷酸三钙的成形制品,这将是一种极好的骨填料。但是,直到目前为止,α-磷酸三钙难于制成陶瓷制品,因为难通过湿法形成,在烧结时不可避免地产生裂缝,及其它原因。
发明公开内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种高纯α-磷酸三钙陶瓷及其生产方法,期望用作理想的骨填料的材料。
按照本发明,提供了一种生产α-磷酸三钙陶瓷的方法,包括步骤为:在一定压力下使粉料成形后或与此同时烧结成形的粉末:接着,冷却烧结了的产品。
按照本发明,也提供了一种包括如下步骤的,生产α-磷酸三钙陶瓷的方法:可用单轴向压机法或CIP法(即冷均衡加压法):用湿法使粉料成形;在1100-1500℃下烧结成形粉料1到200小时:接着,冷却烧结了的产品,冷却速率为100-2000℃/hrs。
按照本发明,还提供了一种生产α-磷酸三钙陶瓷的方法,包括步骤为:用湿法制备粉料,可用热压机法或HIP法(即,热均衡加压法),在200-1500℃下烧结粉料1-200小时。
附图简要描述
参考相应制图,进一步详细说明本发明。
图1显示烧结温度和相应密度的关系(实例3);
图2是植入一只骨电泳现象模型鼠的股骨时,α-磷酸三钙陶瓷未脱钙样品(植入3个月)的照片(实例4);
图3是植入一只骨电泳现象模型鼠的股骨时,羟基磷灰石陶瓷未脱钙样品(植入3个月)的照片(实例4)。
进行本发明最佳方式
按照本发明,生产α-磷酸三钙陶瓷制品的方法将在下面详细说明。
本发明中的α-磷酸三钙是磷酸三钙的高温稳定相,化学组成表示为:Ca3(P04)2。组成相同的磷酸三钙有β-相(低温相),γ-相(高压相),及α-相(高温相)。α-相的稳定范围是1125-1150℃。
生产致密的α-磷酸三钙陶瓷的方法如下。作为湿法的一个实例,将磷酸水溶液逐滴地逐渐加入到0.5M氢氧化钙的悬浮液中。搅拌产生一均一反应,得到非晶形磷酸三钙。将这非晶形磷酸三钙过滤,在60℃下干燥,然后用捏和机粉碎。在600-1200℃暂时烧结此粉末,与增稠剂均匀混合,然后用压机在50-200MPs压力下使之成形。注意在烧结过程中,形成非晶形磷酸三钙的温度范围是600-750℃,形成β-磷酸三钙的温度范围是775-1100℃,形成α-磷酸三钙的温度范围是1125-1200℃。在1150-1500℃,优选1350-1450℃烧结成形制品1-200小时,优选50-100小时,进一步冷却,冷却速率为500-1000℃/hr。可选用压机为单轴向压机,热压机,橡胶压机等。
生产α-磷酸三钙多孔陶瓷的方法如下。通用上述方法制备的磷酸三钙粉末与增稠剂均匀混合,加入水或乙醇,将混合物制成浆液。将浆液均一地浸渍到一塑料海绵中,经受和上面的致密体那样的烧结。
通过在高温下烧结如上的长时期,可能制出一单相的α-磷酸三钙陶瓷。进一步通过改变合成条件,烧结条件等,也可能生产出含其它磷酸三钙,如羟基磷灰石,β-磷酸三钙,磷酸四钙的成形制品。
实例
现通过下列实例进一步说明本发明,但决非局限于此。
实例1
用单轴向压机将通过湿法制备的α-磷酸三钙粉末和β-磷酸三钙粉末制成圆盘形制品,直径约28mm,厚度约5mm。在1000-1500℃温度范围烧结此制品,通过X-射线衍射法鉴别其所在相。结果发现,当在1400-1450℃下烧结α-磷酸三钙粉末时,可得Ca/P的摩尔比约1.50的单相、高纯的α-磷酸三钙陶瓷,当在1150-1400℃下烧结β-磷酸三钙粉末时,可得Ca/P摩尔比为约1.50的单相、高纯的α-磷酸三钙陶瓷。另外,依条件而定,也可能制造出表面为α-相,内部为β-相的磷酸三钙陶瓷。表1显示出了烧结温度与相的关系。
                              表1
烧结温度        β-TCP                       α-TCP(℃)    陶瓷的表面    粉碎作用后    陶瓷的表面    粉碎作用后1150    α+β                      α+β                       α                        α1200    α+β                      α+β                       α                        α1250    α+β                      α+β                       α                        α1300      α                          α+β                       α                        α1350      α                          α+β                       α                        α1400      α                          α                             α                        α1450      α                          α                             -            -
表中,α-TCP和β-TCP是初始材料的α-磷酸三钙粉末和β-磷酸三钙粉末。“陶瓷表面”是烧结体表面经粉末X-射线衍射得到的信息,“粉碎作用后”是将烧结体粉碎后粉末的信息。
其次,发现了在固定温度1400℃下烧结α-磷酸三钙粉末的成形制品,但是改变烧结时间所得到的α-型磷酸三钙陶瓷的相对密度。相对密度随烧结时间增加,烧结100小时得约为95%的致密体(见图1)。
实例2
在80MPs和1350℃下,用热压机在一定压力下热处理经湿法制备的α-磷酸三钙粉末,此时得到一高纯的α-磷酸三钙陶瓷。
实例3
添加50%的水,将由湿法制备的α-磷酸三钙粉,β-磷酸三钙粉,及非晶形磷酸三钙粉制成浆液。将这些浆液浸渍到聚氨基甲酸乙酯海绵中,然后干燥,在1400℃下烧结50小时,此时得到一高纯的α-型磷酸三钙陶瓷。
实例4
将α-磷酸三钙和羟基磷灰石的致密体切成矩形柱:0.7mm×0.7mm×5mm,植入骨电泳模型鼠的股骨中,经受ovariectomies观察与骨组织的反应。结果,若是α-磷酸三钙,在标本周围直接形成新骨,未观察到纤维状连接组织的插入物。新骨与材料直接连接。另外,新骨基本上完全覆盖了标本的表面,矩形柱材料变成为圆形,因此,说明了随时间有吸收现象,而且随长时期植入,有可能彻底消失(见图2)。
另一方面,若是羟基磷灰石,在标本周围形成纤维状连接组织。几乎没有形成新骨。另外,制品形状仍与刚植入时一样,因此,没有溶解现象,认为即使随长时期植入也没有吸收(见图3)。
工业实用性
经以上详细说明,按本发明,可以得到一种用作骨填料的陶瓷,它具有优良生物混溶性,很高的形成骨的能力,而且能被骨头替代。

Claims (6)

1.一种生产α-磷酸三钙陶瓷的方法,包含步骤为:在一定压力下使粉料成形后,或与在压力下成形的同时,烧结成形粉末;接着,冷却烧结制品。
2.一种生产α-磷酸三钙陶瓷的方法,包含步骤为:使经湿法,用单轴向压机法或CIP法制备的粉料成形;在1100-1500℃下烧结成形的粉料1-200小时;接着,以100-2000℃/hr的冷却速率冷却烧结制品。
3.一种按权利要求2生产α-磷酸三钙陶瓷的方法,其中将由湿法得到的粉料浸渍到一多孔塑料材料中,接着烧结。
4.一种生产α-磷酸三钙陶瓷的方法,包含步骤为:在200-1500℃下烧结经湿法,用热压机法或HIP法制备的粉料1-200小时。
5.权利要求2至5中任一种生产α-磷酸三钙陶瓷的方法,其中经湿法制备的粉料是选自β-磷酸三钙粉,α-磷酸三钙粉,非晶形磷酸三钙粉,以及它们与羟基磷灰石的混合物的至少一种粉末。
6.一种具有α-型单相的α-磷酸三钙陶瓷。
CN95190275A 1994-03-02 1995-03-02 α-磷酸三钙陶瓷及其生产方法 Pending CN1126464A (zh)

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