CN112646117A - 一种沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料 - Google Patents

一种沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料 Download PDF

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CN112646117A
CN112646117A CN202110063356.XA CN202110063356A CN112646117A CN 112646117 A CN112646117 A CN 112646117A CN 202110063356 A CN202110063356 A CN 202110063356A CN 112646117 A CN112646117 A CN 112646117A
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刘至飞
陈宇亮
吴开
曾辉
李婷玉
彭孝南
郑祖恩
张讯
任毅
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Hunan Communications Research Institute Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料，包括A组分和B组分，A组分与B组分的体积比为（0.9~1.1）:1；所述A组分为多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯；所述B组分包括以下重量份数的原料：聚醚多元醇100份、催化剂0.5~3.0份、发泡剂1~15份、泡沫稳定剂1~3份、水0.2~2份、水解稳定剂1~4份、稀释剂2~20份、交联剂1~2份。采用高压注浆机将沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料注入路面基层，可排出路面深层处的积水，填充半刚性基层的脱空、不密实，对深层裂缝具有良好的密封作用，通过原料间的物理化学协同作用使本注浆材料具有优异的水不敏感性，大大提高了其在半刚性基层富水环境下的承载能力和耐久性，具有良好的经济和社会效益。

Description

一种沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料
技术领域
本发明属于道路工程材料领域，具体涉及一种沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料。
背景技术
据统计，截止2019年末全国公路总里程501.25万公里，其中高速公路里程14.96万公里，高速公路中超过90%为半刚性基层沥青路面。半刚性基层强度和刚度大，变形能力较差，不可避免会产生收缩开裂，后期会导致沥青面层产生反射裂缝。反射裂缝一旦形成，雨水就会沿裂缝下渗至基层和路基。在水与车辆荷载作用下产生唧浆、路床积水、层间脱空，从而降低基层和路基的承载能力，造成沥青面层出现唧泥、唧浆和网裂沉陷等病害。
针对半刚性基层裂缝、脱空、唧泥等深层病害的非开挖处治材料，主要有水泥浆和地聚物等材料。水泥浆虽然造价低，但强度增长相对较慢，封闭交通时间长，后期强度低，耐久性差。地聚物具有凝结速度、早期强度高的特点，但是也存在浆液溶液离析、初凝时间过短、流动性不足和抗折强度不足、耐久性较差等问题。
针对沥青路面深层的裂缝、唧浆、路床积水、层间脱空等病害处治，亟待开发一种新型注浆材料解决当前存在的问题。聚氨酯材料是一类产品形态多样的多用途合成树脂，产品形式多样、应用领域非常多。聚氨酯注浆料AB组分均为低黏度液态，对细微裂缝的渗透性和灌注性良好，反应时间可控，具有轻质、高膨胀、微损和良好的力学性能等特性。因此，聚氨酯注浆材料被广泛应用于地矿、水利、建筑等工程的防水加固材料。
中国专利CN201510970563.8授权了一种机场跑道基层病害处治用高聚物注浆材料，该发明具有良好的耐水、耐油、耐热的性能优点，但是该发明采用的聚氨酯预聚体制备工艺较复杂，材料价格相对较高。
中国专利CN201610908495.7授权了一种水不敏感型聚氨酯注浆材料，通过原料间的物理化学协同作用使注浆材料具有优异的水不敏感性，大大提高了其在富水环境下的承载能力和耐久性，但是该发明采用的聚酯多元醇生成的聚氨酯材料耐水解性能较差，用于基层病害处治材料耐久性不足。
考虑到基层内部或下方脱空处常常会有积水情况发生，普通的聚氨酯注浆材料在进行注浆施工时，由于其对水较敏感，使其性能（如密度、压缩强度等）大幅劣化，降低其承载能力和耐久性。
发明内容
本发明所解决的技术问题在于提供一种沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料，其目的在于提供针一种路面非开挖处治半刚性基层的裂缝、积水、脱空、唧浆等病害的处治材料，制得的聚氨酯泡沫具有渗透性好、环保绿色、施工便捷、耐久性较好等优点。
本发明所解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案来实现：
一种沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料，包括A组分原料及B组分原料，A组分与B组分的体积比为（0.9~1.1）:1；
A组分原料包括为以下重量份数的原料：
多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯（简称PAPI）100~160份；
A组分为粘稠液体，官能度为2.4~3.0，-NCO的含量比例为30.5%~32%，25℃时的粘度为50mPa.s~500mPa.s；
B组分原料包括为以下重量份数的原料：
聚醚多元醇100份、催化剂0.5~3.0份、发泡剂1~15份、泡沫稳定剂1~3份、水0.2~2份、水解稳定剂1~4份、稀释剂2~20份、交联剂1~2份。
优选的，所述聚醚多元醇由高官能度聚醚多元醇和疏水型聚醚多元醇混合物，二者质量比为1:1；其中，所述高官能度聚醚多元醇以山梨醇与甘油混合起始剂聚醚，羟值为500±20mgKOH/g，25℃的温度条件下的黏度为4000~6000mPa·s，所述疏水性聚醚多元醇为陶氏VORAPEL D3201。
优选的，所述催化剂由耐水解催化剂和复合胺类催化剂混合物，二者质量比为1:（1~3）；所述耐水解催化剂为有机稀土金属液体催化剂；所述复合胺类催化剂选自脂肪胺类、脂环胺类、芳香胺类和醇胺类化合物中的一种或多种可以任意比例混合使用。
优选的，所述发泡剂为环戊烷、HCFC~141b、HFC~365mfc和HFC~245fa中的一种或多种，可以任意比例混合使用。
优选的，所述泡沫稳定剂为非水解的有机硅类表面活性剂。
优选的，所述水解稳定剂为聚合型碳化二亚胺类材料。
优选的，所述稀释剂为丙酮。
优选的，所述交联剂为甘油、三乙醇胺（TEA）、二乙醇胺（DEOA）或三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或任意比例混合物。
本发明的优点及有益效果在于：
1、本发明的沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料，疏水型聚醚多元醇与耐水解催化剂相结合，可保证在水中发泡的密度不低于无水条件下发泡密度的80%，能够极好的控制有水无水环境下的泡沫密度，防止在路面深层积水条件下聚氨酯密度过小而没有强度；
2、沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料耐水解催化剂和水解稳定剂能够有效抑制聚氨酯泡沫材料在水中的降解，实现道路深层积水条件下聚氨酯注浆材料的耐久性；
3、本发明的沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料，采用泡沫材料交联度大、力学性能较好的高官能度聚醚多元醇，可保证生成的聚氨酯泡沫与半刚性基层材料之间的粘结强度；
4、本发明的沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料固化时间快，约15分钟可达到最终强度的90%，注浆后可以迅速开放交通，对交通干扰较小；
5、本发明的沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料具有高膨胀性，可以填充半刚性基层的脱空、不密实和裂缝，进一步提高基层的密实度；
6、本发明的沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料固化后具有良好的防水性能，可排出路面深层处的积水，对路面裂缝具有良好的密封作用。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例 1：
本实施例的用于沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料，包括A组份原料及B组份原料，二者的体积比为1:1；
A组分原料包括以下重量份的原料：
万华化学集团股份有限公司的多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯PM200为142份；
B组分原料包括为以下重量份数的原料：
采用YD~635高官能度聚醚多元醇50份、陶氏VORAPE D3201聚醚多元醇50份、耐水解催化剂AUACT~MK02为0.5份、复合胺类催化剂采用 Carcat HP 1037为1.0份、发泡剂HCFC~141b为7份、泡沫稳定剂迈图L6950为2.0份、水1.0份、水解稳定剂HyMax® 220为2.0份、稀释剂丙酮为5份、交联剂甘油1.5份。按照上述比例将B组分混合均匀后装桶待用；
使用时，将A组分与B组分通过聚氨酯注浆机按体积比1:1均匀混合，注浆到半刚性基层病害，制得产品。
实施例 2
本实施例的用于沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料，包括A组份原料及B组份原料，二者的体积比为0.9:1；
A组分原料包括以下重量份的原料：
万华化学集团股份有限公司的多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯PM200为140份；
B组分原料包括为以下重量份数的原料：
采用SA~635S高官能度聚醚多元醇50份、陶氏VORAPEL D3201聚醚多元醇50份、耐水解催化剂CUCAT~HA01为1.0份、复合胺类催化剂采用二甲基环己胺POLYCAT8 PC8 为1.5份、发泡剂HCFC~141b为10份、泡沫稳定剂AK8805为2.0份、水1.2份、聚碳化二亚胺抗水解稳定剂UN-03为2.0份、稀释剂丙酮为6份、交联剂三乙醇胺1.5份。按照上述比例将B组分混合均匀后装桶待用；
使用时，将A组分与B组分通过聚氨酯注浆机按体积比0.9:1均匀混合，注浆到半刚性基层病害，制得产品。
实施例 3
本实施例的用于沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料，包括A组份原料及B组份原料，二者的体积比为1.1:1；
A组分原料包括以下重量份的原料：
万华化学集团股份有限公司的多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯PM200为146份；
B组分原料包括为以下重量份数的原料：
采用FH~635高官能度聚醚多元醇50份、陶氏VORAPEL D3201聚醚多元醇50份、耐水解催化剂CUCAT~PDS为0.5份、复合胺类催化剂采用脂肪族胺类催化剂N,N~二甲基环己胺1.0份、发泡剂HCFC~141b为8份、泡沫稳定剂AK8860为2.5份、水0.8份、聚碳化二亚胺抗水解稳定剂UN-150为1.5份、稀释剂丙酮为15份、交联剂二乙醇胺1.5份。按照上述比例将B组分混合均匀后装桶待用；
使用时，将A组分与B组分通过聚氨酯注浆机按体积比1.1:1均匀混合，注浆到半刚性基层病害，制得产品。
实施例1~3产品基本性能和现有技术对比见表1。
表1 实施例1~3产品基本性能表
项目 单位 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 现有技术
凝胶时间 s 62 58 63 64
自由泡密度 kg/m3 85 62 88 85
水中发泡密度 kg/m3 75 54 74 46
水中发泡密度/自由泡密度 % 88.2 87.1 84.1 54.1
水中发泡收缩率 % 0.3 0.4 0.4 2.5
尺寸稳定性（水中浸泡30d） % 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.0
由上表数据可知在使用疏水型聚醚多元醇与耐水解催化剂相结合，在水中发泡的聚氨酯密度可实现不低于无水条件下聚氨酯泡沫密度的80%，能够极好的控制有水无水环境下的泡沫密度，防止在路面深层积水条件下聚氨酯密度过小而没有强度；使用耐水解催化剂和水解稳定剂能够有效抑制聚氨酯泡沫材料在水中的降解，聚氨酯泡沫在水中浸泡30d的尺寸稳定性小于0.5%，水中发泡收缩率小于0.5%，可实现道路深层积水条件下聚氨酯注浆材料的耐久性。说明本发明得到的沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料可确保路面深层有水条件下使用。
本发明采用高压注浆机将沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料注入路面基层，注浆材料A、B组分发生化学反应后体积迅速膨胀，排出路面深层处的积水，填充半刚性基层的脱空、不密实，对深层裂缝具有良好的密封作用，可实现路面深层病害非开挖处治，具有良好的经济和社会效益。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (10)

1.一种沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料，其特征在于包括A组分原料及B组分原料，二者的体积比为（0.9~1.1）:1，其中：
A组分原料包括以下重量份的原料：
多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯100~160份，其参数性能为：
官能度为2.4~3.0，-NCO含量比例为30.5%~32%，25℃的温度条件下的粘度为50mPa.s~500mPa.s；
B组分原料包括以下重量份的原料：
聚醚多元醇100份、催化剂0.5~3.0份、发泡剂1~15份、泡沫稳定剂1~3份、水0.2~2份、水解稳定剂1~4份、稀释剂2~20份、交联剂1~2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料，其特征在于，所述聚醚多元醇由高官能度聚醚多元醇和疏水型聚醚多元醇混合物，二者质量比为1:1。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料，其特征在于，所述高官能度聚醚多元醇以山梨醇与甘油混合起始剂聚醚，羟值为500±20mgKOH/g，25℃的温度条件下的黏度为4000~6000mPa·s。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料，其特征在于，所述疏水性聚醚多元醇为陶氏VORAPEL D3201。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料，其特征在于，所述催化剂为耐水解催化剂和复合胺类催化剂的混合物，二者质量比为1:（1~3）。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料，其特征在于，所述耐水解催化剂为有机稀土金属液体催化剂。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料，其特征在于，所述复合胺类催化剂为脂肪胺类、脂环胺类、芳香胺类和醇胺类化合物中的一种或任意比例的比例混合物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料，其特征在于，所述泡沫稳定剂为非水解的有机硅类表面活性剂；而所述水解稳定剂为聚合型碳化二亚胺类材料。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料，其特征在于，所述稀释剂为丙酮。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种沥青路面半刚性基层病害处治用聚氨酯注浆材料，其特征在于，所述交联剂为甘油、三乙醇胺TEA、二乙醇胺DEOA或三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或任意比例混合物。
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Application publication date: 20210413