CN112645730A - 一种净化水用多孔陶瓷及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种净化水用多孔陶瓷及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种净化水用多孔陶瓷及其制备方法和应用，属于多孔陶瓷材料领域。所述方法包括步骤如下：按重量份计，取多孔陶瓷原料：氮化硅60~80份、铝粉10~20份、氧化铝15~30份、硅藻土10~20份、石墨5~10份、粉煤灰3~8份、聚乙二醇4~8份、聚乙烯醇5~10份和海藻酸钙凝胶5~10份；将所述原料依次经过混合均匀，球磨，过筛，喷雾造粒，压制成坯和烧结成型步骤，得到所述多孔陶瓷。该多孔陶瓷制备简单，成本较低，显气孔率高，具有良好的吸附性和离子交换性，能够有效净化污水。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于多孔陶瓷材料领域，具体涉及一种净化水用多孔陶瓷及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着工业的迅速发展，许多如印染废水、医药废水、固体废物、填埋场渗沥液等，具有排放量大、污染面广、难生物降解等特点，针对污水中的水溶性有机物，无法用混凝沉淀的方式去除，因此去除这类污水一般采取电解、芬顿氧化、生物发酵等方法，但成本高昂成为该类方法的应用瓶颈。
多孔陶瓷是一种新型的功能材料，结合了多孔材料的高比表面积和陶瓷材料的物理、化学稳定性，具有一定尺寸和数量的孔隙结构。由于多孔陶瓷特殊的结构，当滤液通过时，其中的悬浮物、胶体物和微生物等污染物质被阻截在过滤介质表面或内部，同时附着在污染物上的病毒液一并被截留。因此，利用多孔陶瓷进行污水净化处理成为一种效率高、成本低的重要选择。
发明内容
解决的技术问题：针对上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种净化水用多孔陶瓷及其制备方法和应用，该多孔陶瓷制备简单，成本较低，显气孔率高，具有良好的吸附性和离子交换性，能够有效净化污水。
技术方案：一种多孔陶瓷的制备方法，所述方法包括步骤如下：按重量份计，取多孔陶瓷原料：氮化硅60～80份、铝粉10～20份、氧化铝15～30份、硅藻土10～20份、石墨5～10份、粉煤灰3～8份、聚乙二醇4～8份、聚乙烯醇5～10份和海藻酸钙凝胶5～10份；将所述原料依次经过混合均匀，球磨，过筛，喷雾造粒，压制成坯和烧结成型步骤，得到所述多孔陶瓷。
优选的，所述混合均匀步骤包括将所述原料加入占原料总重55％～80％的去离子水中，经超声分散均匀，得到陶瓷预混料。
优选的，所述球磨步骤的球磨介质为无水乙醇，球磨时间为24～36h。
优选的，所述过筛步骤中过筛目数为150～200目。
优选的，所述喷雾造粒步骤的进口温度为250～300℃，出口温度为200～220℃。
优选的，所述压制成坯步骤为挤制成型、干压成型或流延成型。
优选的，所述烧结成型步骤为：在保护气氛下，以3～5℃/min的升温速率升温至300～600℃并保温0.5～1h，接着以2～3℃/min的升温速率升温至1500～1600℃并保温2～3h。
优选的，所述保护气氛为氮气气氛、氦气气氛或其混合气氛。
上述制备方法制得的多孔陶瓷。
上述多孔陶瓷在净化污水中的应用。
有益效果：本发明以氮化硅为基料制备多孔陶瓷，综合了氮化硅和多孔陶瓷的特点，兼具耐高温、抗氧化、耐磨损、耐腐蚀、体积密度小、比表面积大等优点，可以有效进行污水深度处理。铝粉具有较高的还原活性，适宜的铝粉的加入，能够有效增加多孔陶瓷的显气孔率，同时在保护气氛下，有助于氮化铝等增强相的生成，提高了多孔陶瓷的力学性能。硅藻土本身具有多孔结构，适量添加后可以提高气孔率。本发明选用的原料配置使得陶瓷在烧制过程中热量分布更为均匀，从而使得陶瓷上的孔隙分布更为均匀，保证了其过滤能力的稳定性。
本发明原料来源广泛，还利用了粉煤灰一类的工业废弃物，降低了成本；本发明的制备工艺简单，适合于大规模的工业化生产。
本发明制得的多孔陶瓷显气孔率高于55％，气孔分布均匀且呈三维连通状，对污水中的水溶性有机物、细菌等污染物具有良好的过滤拦截性能，能够在污水净化处理中有良好的应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
一种多孔陶瓷的制备方法，所述方法包括步骤如下：
按重量份计，取多孔陶瓷原料：氮化硅60份、铝粉15份、氧化铝15份、硅藻土20份、石墨5份、粉煤灰5份、聚乙二醇4份、聚乙烯醇10份和海藻酸钙凝胶5份。
将上述原料加入占原料总重55％的去离子水中，经超声分散均匀，得到陶瓷预混料。
将上述预混料以无水乙醇为介质进行球磨，球磨时间为36h；球磨后进行过筛，过筛目数为200目；再保持进口温度为250℃，出口温度为220℃进行喷雾造粒，得到陶瓷粉料。
将上述粉料经干压成型制成素坯，然后在氮气气氛下以3～5℃/min的升温速率升温至400℃并保温1h，接着以2～3℃/min的升温速率升温至1500℃并保温3h，最终得到所述多孔陶瓷。
测得该多孔陶瓷的显气孔率为58％。
实施例2
一种多孔陶瓷的制备方法，所述方法包括步骤如下：
按重量份计，取多孔陶瓷原料：氮化硅80份、铝粉10份、氧化铝30份、硅藻土20份、石墨10份、粉煤灰8份、聚乙二醇8份、聚乙烯醇5份和海藻酸钙凝胶10份。
将上述原料加入占原料总重80％的去离子水中，经超声分散均匀，得到陶瓷预混料。
将上述预混料以无水乙醇为介质进行球磨，球磨时间为32h；球磨后进行过筛，过筛目数为200目；再保持进口温度为280℃，出口温度为200℃进行喷雾造粒，得到陶瓷粉料。
将上述粉料经挤制成型制成素坯，然后在氦气气氛下以3～5℃/min的升温速率升温至300℃并保温1h，接着以2～3℃/min的升温速率升温至1500℃并保温3h，最终得到所述多孔陶瓷。
测得该多孔陶瓷的显气孔率为55％。
实施例3
一种多孔陶瓷的制备方法，所述方法包括步骤如下：
按重量份计，取多孔陶瓷原料：氮化硅70份、铝粉20份、氧化铝30份、硅藻土10份、石墨10份、粉煤灰3份、聚乙二醇4份、聚乙烯醇8份和海藻酸钙凝胶6份。
将上述原料加入占原料总重60％的去离子水中，经超声分散均匀，得到陶瓷预混料。
将上述预混料以无水乙醇为介质进行球磨，球磨时间为24h；球磨后进行过筛，过筛目数为150目；再保持进口温度为300℃，出口温度为220℃进行喷雾造粒，得到陶瓷粉料。
将上述粉料经挤制成型制成素坯，然后在氮气和氦气的混合气氛下以3～5℃/min的升温速率升温至500℃并保温0.5h，接着以2～3℃/min的升温速率升温至1600℃并保温2h，最终得到所述多孔陶瓷。
测得该多孔陶瓷的显气孔率为60％。
实施例4
一种多孔陶瓷的制备方法，所述方法包括步骤如下：
按重量份计，取多孔陶瓷原料：氮化硅75份、铝粉10份、氧化铝15份、硅藻土20份、石墨5份、粉煤灰5份、聚乙二醇6份、聚乙烯醇8份和海藻酸钙凝胶5份。
将上述原料加入占原料总重65％的去离子水中，经超声分散均匀，得到陶瓷预混料。
将上述预混料以无水乙醇为介质进行球磨，球磨时间为28h；球磨后进行过筛，过筛目数为200目；再保持进口温度为250℃，出口温度为200℃进行喷雾造粒，得到陶瓷粉料。
将上述粉料经流延成型制成素坯，然后在氮气气氛下以3～5℃/min的升温速率升温至600℃并保温0.5h，接着以2～3℃/min的升温速率升温至1600℃并保温2h，最终得到所述多孔陶瓷。
测得该多孔陶瓷的显气孔率为56％。
实施例5
一种多孔陶瓷的制备方法，所述方法包括步骤如下：
按重量份计，取多孔陶瓷原料：氮化硅60份、铝粉10份、氧化铝15份、硅藻土10份、石墨10份、粉煤灰8份、聚乙二醇8份、聚乙烯醇5份和海藻酸钙凝胶6份。
将上述原料加入占原料总重55％的去离子水中，经超声分散均匀，得到陶瓷预混料。
将上述预混料以无水乙醇为介质进行球磨，球磨时间为30h；球磨后进行过筛，过筛目数为150目；再保持进口温度为280℃，出口温度为220℃进行喷雾造粒，得到陶瓷粉料。
将上述粉料经干压成型制成素坯，然后在氮气气氛下以3～5℃/min的升温速率升温至400℃并保温1h，接着以2～3℃/min的升温速率升温至1600℃并保温2h，最终得到所述多孔陶瓷。
测得该多孔陶瓷的显气孔率为61％。
实施例6
一种多孔陶瓷的制备方法，所述方法包括步骤如下：
按重量份计，取多孔陶瓷原料：氮化硅80份、铝粉15份、氧化铝20份、硅藻土15份、石墨8份、粉煤灰7份、聚乙二醇5份、聚乙烯醇7份和海藻酸钙凝胶8份。
将上述原料加入占原料总重70％的去离子水中，经超声分散均匀，得到陶瓷预混料。
将上述预混料以无水乙醇为介质进行球磨，球磨时间为28h；球磨后进行过筛，过筛目数为200目；再保持进口温度为260℃，出口温度为200℃进行喷雾造粒，得到陶瓷粉料。
将上述粉料经挤制成型制成素坯，然后在氮气气氛下以3～5℃/min的升温速率升温至400℃并保温1h，接着以2～3℃/min的升温速率升温至1550℃并保温2.5h，最终得到所述多孔陶瓷。
测得该多孔陶瓷的显气孔率为62％。
实施例7
一种多孔陶瓷的制备方法，所述方法包括步骤如下：
按重量份计，取多孔陶瓷原料：氮化硅70份、铝粉15份、氧化铝25份、硅藻土15份、石墨10份、粉煤灰8份、聚乙二醇8份、聚乙烯醇10份和海藻酸钙凝胶6份。
将上述原料加入占原料总重65％的去离子水中，经超声分散均匀，得到陶瓷预混料。
将上述预混料以无水乙醇为介质进行球磨，球磨时间为28h；球磨后进行过筛，过筛目数为150目；再保持进口温度为260℃，出口温度为220℃进行喷雾造粒，得到陶瓷粉料。
将上述粉料经挤制成型制成素坯，然后在氮气气氛下以3～5℃/min的升温速率升温至400℃并保温0.5h，接着以2～3℃/min的升温速率升温至1550℃并保温2.5h，最终得到所述多孔陶瓷。
测得该多孔陶瓷的显气孔率为66％。
将上述实施例进行污水处理试验，结果如下：
| 实施例 | COD | BOD | SS | 氨氮 | 色度 |
| 污水 | 578 | 422 | 198 | 212 | 85 |
| 1 | 36 | 15 | 11 | 13 | 32 |
| 2 | 28 | 14 | 14 | 10 | 28 |
| 3 | 25 | 12 | 12 | 7 | 26 |
| 4 | 22 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 26 |
| 5 | 23 | 11 | 9 | 4 | 25 |
| 6 | 22 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 20 |
| 7 | 20 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 20 |
应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
Claims (10)
1.一种多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括步骤如下：按重量份计，取多孔陶瓷原料：氮化硅60~80份、铝粉10~20份、氧化铝15~30份、硅藻土10~20份、石墨5~10份、粉煤灰3~8份、聚乙二醇4~8份、聚乙烯醇5~10份和海藻酸钙凝胶5~10份；将所述原料依次经过混合均匀，球磨，过筛，喷雾造粒，压制成坯和烧结成型步骤，得到所述多孔陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述混合均匀步骤包括将所述原料加入占原料总重55%~80%的去离子水中，经超声分散均匀，得到陶瓷预混料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述球磨步骤的球磨介质为无水乙醇，球磨时间为24~36 h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述过筛步骤中过筛目数为150~200 目。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述喷雾造粒步骤的进口温度为250~300 ℃，出口温度为200~220℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述压制成坯步骤为挤制成型、干压成型或流延成型。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述烧结成型步骤为：在保护气氛下，以3~5 ℃/min的升温速率升温至300~600℃并保温0.5~1h，接着以2~3℃/min的升温速率升温至1500~1600 ℃并保温2~3 h。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述保护气氛为氮气气氛、氦气气氛或其混合气氛。
9.权利要求1~8任意一项所述制备方法制得的多孔陶瓷。
10.权利要求9所述的一种多孔陶瓷在净化污水中的应用。
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