CN112640750A - Cultivation method of water chestnut - Google Patents

Cultivation method of water chestnut Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112640750A
CN112640750A CN202110075509.2A CN202110075509A CN112640750A CN 112640750 A CN112640750 A CN 112640750A CN 202110075509 A CN202110075509 A CN 202110075509A CN 112640750 A CN112640750 A CN 112640750A
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fertilizer
parts
planting
water chestnut
soil
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胡华红
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08Immunising seed
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02Superphosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05DINORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00Fertilisers containing potassium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05DINORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D5/00Fertilisers containing magnesium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05DINORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C05D9/02Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of water chestnut, S1, selecting seeds and raising seedlings, S2, planting and S3 field management, wherein after the selected corm is conventionally sterilized, indoleacetic acid, gibberellin and polysorbate are used, the indoleacetic acid and the gibberellin can promote the corm to take root and sprout, and the polysorbate can effectively prevent the corm from rotting; the seedling raising matrix is reasonable in proportion, and meanwhile, fertilizers are applied for 2 times in the seedling stage, so that the rapid development of the corms is guaranteed; the fertilizer is applied for one time after 7-10 days after the growth period, flowering and fruiting respectively, the fertilizer is reasonably matched according to the nutrition requirement of each period, the fertilizer is not wasted while the requirement of growth is met, and the water chestnut fertilized according to the fertilizer has good taste and big size.

Description

Cultivation method of water chestnut
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vegetable planting, in particular to a cultivation method of water chestnut.
Background
Horseshoe belongs to monocotyledonous cyperaceae, is perennial herbaceous plant, is oblate, sharp on the upper surface, smooth and glossy in surface, is purple red or black brown, grows in a pond, is clustered by dark green stems on the ground, and can be eaten by underground corms. Because it is shaped like a water chestnut, people also call it, the appearance of which is like chestnuts, not only is the shape, but also the continuous taste, the ingredients and the functions are similar to the chestnuts, and because it fruits in mud, it is called as a 'sweet and juicy', the water chestnut has purple black skin, white meat, sweet and delicious taste, and has the reputation of 'underground snow pears', the northern people call 'Jiangnan ginseng', which can be eaten as fruits and vegetables.
At present, with the improvement of living standard of people, the demand of processed water chestnut foods such as water chestnut and water chestnut is more and more, and the quality requirement is higher and higher, but the high-quality water chestnut is required to be produced firstly, and the problems of low yield, small fruit grains and the like exist in the current water chestnut planting due to unscientific and unreasonable cultivation technology of the water chestnut, so that the derived problems of poor commodity performance, low planting benefit and the like are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of water chestnut, which starts from a seedling stage and field management and optimizes and improves cultivation technology to provide quality and yield of water chestnut planting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method of water chestnut comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds and growing seedlings: selecting full and undamaged corms with smooth epidermis, consistent color and sound bud heads; sterilizing with 800 times of 70% thiophanate methyl solution or 500 times of 25% carbendazim solution, soaking in 10:3:1 mixed solution of indoleacetic acid, gibberellin and polysorbate for 2-4h, taking out, sowing on a seedbed in a greenhouse, and arranging a sprinkling irrigation device in the greenhouse. The bulbs are sowed at intervals of 5-8cm, and the planting depth is half of the length of the terminal bud.
The seedbed is paved with a seedling substrate, and the seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of turfy soil, 6-8 parts of vermiculite, 12-24 parts of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, 1-2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1-2 parts of urea and 60-80 parts of diatomite.
After sowing, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 15-20 ℃ before seedling emergence, keeping the seedbed moist every day, dressing 1 time of 2-3 kg/mu urea and 3-4 kg/mu potassium dihydrogen phosphate after seedling emergence for 6-10cm, dressing 1 time of 6-8 kg/mu calcium superphosphate, 0.2-0.4 kg/mu sodium selenide, 0.2-0.5 kg/mu polysaccharide and 0.1-0.15 kg/mu ferrous sulfate 10 days before field planting.
S2, field planting
Selecting yellow soil, yellow brown soil and sandy soil with thick soil layer, good soil quality and appropriate organic value content as a planting base, deeply applying base fertilizer, and keeping a water layer for 2-3 cm; the base fertilizer is 800 plus 1200 kg/mu decomposed organic fertilizer and 120 plus 140 kg/mu NPK compound fertilizer.
The row spacing of the planted water chestnut plants is 20cm by 30cm, 1 plant is planted in each hole, and the planting depth is 5-8 cm.
S3 field management:
a. water content management: keeping shallow water for 2-3cm at the initial stage of transplanting, and deepening the fruit to 7-10cm after the fruit is enlarged; and finally keeping 1-2cm of shallow water for overwintering.
b. Fertilization management: topdressing 3 times of fertilizer in the growth period, and topdressing 30-40kg of vegetable cake fertilizer, 30-40kg of plant ash and 60-80kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu after 7-10 days of fixed value for the first time; in the flowering period for the second time, 60-80kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 4-5kg of boric acid and 0.5-1kg of zinc sulfate are applied to each mu of land; in the fruiting period of the third time, 180kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 40-50kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 20-30kg of vegetable cake fertilizer, 2-3kg of magnesium sulfate and 2-3kg of zinc sulfate are applied to each mu.
Preferably, the sterilization in step S1 may be performed by using 800 times of 70% thiophanate methyl solution or 500 times of 25% carbendazim solution.
Preferably, the concentration of the mixed solution of the indoleacetic acid, the gibberellin and the polysorbate in the step S1 is 180-220 ppm.
Preferably, the ratio of the potassium phosphate compound fertilizer is 1:1-1.5: 2-3.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. after the selected bulb is sterilized conventionally, indoleacetic acid, gibberellin and polysorbate are used, the indoleacetic acid and the gibberellin can promote the bulb to take root and sprout, and the polysorbate can effectively prevent the bulb from rotting; the seedling raising matrix is reasonable in proportion, and meanwhile, fertilizers are applied for 2 times in the seedling stage, so that the rapid development of the corms is guaranteed.
2. The fertilizer is applied for one time after 7-10 days after the growth period, flowering and fruiting respectively, the fertilizer is reasonably matched according to the nutrition requirement of each period, the fertilizer is not wasted while the requirement of growth is met, and the water chestnut fertilized according to the fertilizer has good taste and big size.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A cultivation method of water chestnut comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds and growing seedlings: selecting full and undamaged corms with smooth epidermis, consistent color and sound bud heads; sterilizing with 800 times of 70% thiophanate methyl solution, soaking in 10:3:1 mixed solution of indoleacetic acid, gibberellin and polysorbate for 2-4h to obtain a mixed solution with a concentration of 180ppm, taking out, and sowing on a seedbed in a greenhouse with a sprinkling irrigation device.
The bulbs are sowed at intervals of 5-8cm, and the planting depth is half of the length of the terminal bud.
The seedbed is paved with a seedling substrate, and the seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of turfy soil, 6 parts of vermiculite, 12 parts of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, 1 part of calcium superphosphate, 1 part of urea and 60 parts of diatomite.
After sowing, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 15-20 ℃ before seedling emergence, keeping the seedbed moist every day, dressing 1 time of 2 kg/mu urea and 3 kg/mu monopotassium phosphate after seedling emergence for 6-10cm, dressing 1 time of 6 kg/mu calcium superphosphate, 0.2 kg/mu sodium selenide, 0.2 kg/mu polysaccharide and 0.1 kg/mu ferrous sulfate 10 days before field planting.
S2, field planting
Selecting yellow soil, yellow brown soil and sandy soil with thick soil layer, good soil quality and appropriate organic value content as a planting base, deeply applying base fertilizer, and keeping a water layer for 2-3 cm; the base fertilizer is 800 kg/mu decomposed organic fertilizer and 120 kg/mu NPK compound fertilizer.
The row spacing of the planted water chestnut plants is 20cm by 30cm, 1 plant is planted in each hole, and the planting depth is 5-8 cm.
S3 field management:
a. water content management: keeping shallow water for 2-3cm at the initial stage of transplanting, and deepening the fruit to 7-10cm after the fruit is enlarged; and finally keeping 1-2cm of shallow water for overwintering.
b. Fertilization management: topdressing 3 times of fertilizer in the growth period, and topdressing 30kg of vegetable cake fertilizer, 30kg of plant ash and 60kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu after 7-10 days of fixed value for the first time; in the flowering period for the second time, 60kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 4kg of boric acid and 0.5kg of zinc sulfate are applied to each mu of land; in the fruiting period of the third time, 120kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 40kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 20kg of vegetable cake fertilizer, 2kg of magnesium sulfate and 2kg of zinc sulfate are additionally applied to each mu.
The ratio of the potassium phosphate compound fertilizer is 1:1.5: 3.
Example 2
A cultivation method of water chestnut comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds and growing seedlings: selecting full and undamaged corms with smooth epidermis, consistent color and sound bud heads; sterilizing with 800 times of 70% thiophanate methyl solution or 500 times of 25% carbendazim solution, soaking in mixed solution of indoleacetic acid, gibberellin and polysorbate at a ratio of 10:3:1 for 2-4h, wherein the concentration of the mixed solution is 220ppm, taking out, sowing on a seedbed, arranging the seedbed in a greenhouse, and arranging a sprinkling irrigation device in the greenhouse.
The bulbs are sowed at intervals of 5-8cm, and the planting depth is half of the length of the terminal bud.
The seedbed is paved with a seedling substrate, and the seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of turfy soil, 8 parts of vermiculite, 24 parts of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, 2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2 parts of urea and 80 parts of diatomite.
After sowing, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 15-20 ℃ before seedling emergence, keeping the seedbed moist every day, dressing 1 time of 3 kg/mu urea and 4 kg/mu monopotassium phosphate after seedling emergence for 6-10cm, and dressing 1 time of 8 kg/mu calcium superphosphate, 0.4 kg/mu sodium selenide, 0.5 kg/mu polysaccharide and 0.15 kg/mu ferrous sulfate 10 days before field planting.
S2, field planting
Selecting yellow soil, yellow brown soil and sandy soil with thick soil layer, good soil quality and appropriate organic value content as a planting base, deeply applying base fertilizer, and keeping a water layer for 2-3 cm; the base fertilizer is 1200 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer and 140 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
The row spacing of the planted water chestnut plants is 20cm by 30cm, 1 plant is planted in each hole, and the planting depth is 5-8 cm.
S3 field management:
a. water content management: keeping shallow water for 2-3cm at the initial stage of transplanting, and deepening the fruit to 7-10cm after the fruit is enlarged; and finally keeping 1-2cm of shallow water for overwintering.
b. Fertilization management: topdressing 3 times of fertilizer in the growth period, wherein 40kg of vegetable cake fertilizer, 40kg of plant ash and 80kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer are topdressed per mu after 7-10 days of fixed value for the first time; in the flowering period for the second time, additionally applying 80kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 5kg of boric acid and 1kg of zinc sulfate per mu; in the fruiting period of the third time, 180kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 50kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 30kg of vegetable cake fertilizer, 3kg of magnesium sulfate and 3kg of zinc sulfate are additionally applied to each mu.
The ratio of the potassium phosphate compound fertilizer is 1:1: 2.

Claims (4)

1. A cultivation method of water chestnut is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds and growing seedlings: selecting full and undamaged corms with smooth epidermis, consistent color and sound bud heads; sterilizing conventionally, soaking for 2-4h with mixed solution of indoleacetic acid, gibberellin and polysorbate at a ratio of 10:3:1, taking out, and sowing on a seedbed arranged in a greenhouse with a sprinkling irrigation device;
planting the corms at an interval of 5-8cm at a planting depth which is half of the length of the terminal buds;
the seedbed is paved with a seedling substrate, and the seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of turfy soil, 6-8 parts of vermiculite, 12-24 parts of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, 1-2 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1-2 parts of urea and 60-80 parts of diatomite;
after sowing, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 15-20 ℃ before seedling emergence, keeping the seedbed moist every day, dressing 1 time of 2-3 kg/mu urea and 3-4 kg/mu potassium dihydrogen phosphate after seedling emergence for 6-10cm, dressing 1 time of 6-8 kg/mu calcium superphosphate, 0.2-0.4 kg/mu sodium selenide, 0.2-0.5 kg/mu polysaccharide and 0.1-0.15 kg/mu ferrous sulfate 10 days before field planting;
s2, field planting
Selecting yellow soil, yellow brown soil and sandy soil with thick soil layer, good soil quality and appropriate organic value content as a planting base, deeply applying base fertilizer, and keeping a water layer for 2-3 cm; the base fertilizer is 800 plus 1200 kg/mu decomposed organic fertilizer and 120 plus 140 kg/mu NPK compound fertilizer;
planting the horseshoes at a planting depth of 5-8cm, wherein the row spacing of the planted horseshoes is 20cm by 30cm, and 1 horseshoe is planted in each hole;
s3 field management:
a. water content management: keeping shallow water for 2-3cm at the initial stage of transplanting, and deepening the fruit to 7-10cm after the fruit is enlarged; finally keeping 1-2cm of shallow water for overwintering;
b. fertilization management: topdressing 3 times of fertilizer in the growth period, and topdressing 30-40kg of vegetable cake fertilizer, 30-40kg of plant ash and 60-80kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu after 7-10 days of fixed value for the first time; in the flowering period for the second time, 60-80kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 4-5kg of boric acid and 0.5-1kg of zinc sulfate are applied to each mu of land; in the fruiting period of the third time, 180kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 40-50kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 20-30kg of vegetable cake fertilizer, 2-3kg of magnesium sulfate and 2-3kg of zinc sulfate are applied to each mu.
2. The cultivation method of water chestnut according to claim 1, wherein the disinfection of step S1 can be performed by using 800 times of solution of thiophanate methyl 70% or 500 times of solution of carbendazim 25%.
3. The cultivation method of water chestnut as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the mixed solution of indole acetic acid, gibberellin and polysorbate at step S1 is 180-220 ppm.
4. The cultivation method of water chestnut according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the potassium phosphate compound fertilizer is 1:1-1.5: 2-3.
CN202110075509.2A 2021-01-20 2021-01-20 Cultivation method of water chestnut Withdrawn CN112640750A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115191307A (en) * 2022-08-15 2022-10-18 玉林市农业科学院(广西农业科学院玉林分院) Method for improving yield and quality of water chestnut

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115191307A (en) * 2022-08-15 2022-10-18 玉林市农业科学院(广西农业科学院玉林分院) Method for improving yield and quality of water chestnut
CN115191307B (en) * 2022-08-15 2023-10-27 玉林市农业科学院(广西农业科学院玉林分院) Method for improving yield and quality of horseshoe

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Application publication date: 20210413