CN112625013A - 一种微波加热下木糖制备糠醛的方法 - Google Patents
一种微波加热下木糖制备糠醛的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种微波加热下木糖制备糠醛的方法,该方法是以木糖为原料,水为溶剂,以樟脑磺酸和双咪唑六氟磷酸盐为催化剂,在微波加热的方式下,高效率地转化成糠醛,高效液相检测糠醛的产率最高可达55%左右法,本发明能在水相中转化,避免使用二甲亚砜、四氢呋喃等有毒有害的有机溶剂,绿色环保;通过微波加热,反应时间由常规加热方式的6 h左右缩减到8 min左右,省时高效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物质基木糖的化学转化技术,尤其是涉及一种微波加热方式中樟脑磺酸耦合离子液体催化木糖制备糠醛的方法。
背景技术
糠醛,又称2-呋喃甲醛(Furfural,FA),被广泛应用于合成橡胶、树脂、涂料、医药、农药等产品。现今,中国每年糠醛产量已在60万吨以上,占据了全球糠醛产量的70%左右,已成为世界上最大的糠醛产地。生产糠醛的原料主要来自富含木聚糖的生物质材料和农产品废料,这能够大大地减少合成工业对石油资源的依赖,也可以为生物质资源的加工和利用开辟新途径,缓解我国能源紧张的现状,利于社会的可持续发展。
目前,糠醛的制备仍依赖于传统工艺,多采用传统质子酸为催化剂,如硫酸、磷酸、盐酸、醋酸等(化学工业与工程,2007,24:525-527)。这些催化方式虽然对糠醛生产起到一定的促进作用,但对设备要求高,且稀酸水解会产生大量的酸性糠醛废水,治理起来也非常麻烦。针对这些问题,许多研究人员开始寻找更为绿色环保的新型催化剂来制备糠醛。孙润仓等发明了一种过渡金属氧化物催化木糖制备糠醛的方法(申请号 201910238118.0);润俊丽等发明了一种无机盐复合催化木糖制备糠醛的方法(申请号 201310469769.3)。这些方式在一定程度上解决了上述问题,但糠醛的转化效率还不理想。
樟脑磺酸是一种由樟脑和硫酸一步合成的绿色环保的固体酸,回收方便,对设备的酸腐蚀影响较小,因此受到研究人员的关注。另外,为了提高催化效率,添加助催化剂是较好的选择之一。温控型离子液体(或离子盐)因其在水相中具有“高温均相、低温分相”的特点被关注(合成化学,2016,24:63-66.),其在高温下呈液态,形成的离子结构能更好地与木糖结合,促使木糖发生转化,低温下容易形成固态分离出来,是集均相催化剂催化活性高和非均相催化剂容易分离回收于一体的新型催化剂。双咪唑六氟磷酸盐是一种典型的温控型离子盐,其具有结构可调、催化效率高、条件温和、环境友好及可循环使用的优点,较好地解决了传统制备法中产物不易分离、后处理困难等问题。
此外,微波加热是内部引起的体加热,实现了分子水平上的搅拌,温度梯度小,加热均匀,能量利用率高,能够较好地解决传统加热方式时间长、耗能大等问题。近年来,微波技术在生物质转化方面也有相应的应用,部分研究人员使用微波辅助果糖转化为5-羟甲基糠醛(Applied Catalysis A: General, 2011, 409: 133- 139.),有很好的效果。
利用樟脑磺酸和双咪唑六氟磷酸盐为共同催化剂,在微波加热下实现木糖转化成糠醛的方法还没有报道过。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种微波加热下,以樟脑磺酸耦合双咪唑六氟磷酸盐为催化剂、实现反应时间短、绿色环保的木糖制备糠醛的方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
一种微波加热下木糖制备糠醛的方法,特征是:向反应瓶内加入以质量比计的木糖、水、樟脑磺酸、双咪唑六氟磷酸盐,即:木糖:水:樟脑磺酸:双咪唑六氟磷酸盐=0.03∽1.5:2∽15:0.05∽0.5:0.25∽1.5;然后将反应瓶置于微波加热设备中进行加热反应,在搅拌的条件下,将加热温度调节到120∽180℃,反应时间为4∽14min,待反应结束后,收集产物,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测糠醛的产率,通过外标定量分析,糠醛的产率为22.1∽54.5%。
优选的,所述木糖:水:樟脑磺酸:双咪唑六氟磷酸盐的质量比= 0.05∽0.5:5∽10:0.1∽0.15:0.25∽1.0。
所述的微波加热设备为微波化学反应器、微波合成仪、微波消解仪或具有相似微波加热功能的设备中的一种。
优选的,所述加热温度为140∽160℃,反应时间为6∽10 min。
所述樟脑磺酸为左旋樟脑磺酸、右旋樟脑磺酸或消旋樟脑磺酸中的一种或任意两种或三种的混合物。
所述双咪唑六氟磷酸盐为烃基咪唑与二卤代烃进行反应后的产物,该产物后与六氟磷酸钾在水溶液中进行交换反应,可制得双咪唑六氟磷酸盐固体化合物,为下述结构之一:
优选的,所述双咪唑六氟磷酸盐为R=-CH3,n=3型化合物。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明该方法是以木糖为原料,水为溶剂,以樟脑磺酸和双咪唑六氟磷酸盐为催化剂,在微波加热的方式下,高效率地转化成糠醛,高效液相检测糠醛的产率最高可达55%左右法,本发明能在水相中转化,避免使用二甲亚砜、四氢呋喃等有毒有害的有机溶剂,绿色环保;通过微波加热,反应时间由常规加热方式的6 h左右缩减到8 min左右,省时高效。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例作进一步详细说明本发明,但应理解本发明的范围并非仅限于这些实施例的范围。
实施例1:
取0.3 g木糖加入装有5mL水的微波反应瓶中,向其中加入0.1g左旋樟脑磺酸和1g的双咪唑六氟磷酸盐(R:-C2H5,n=1)。将微波反应瓶放入微波合成仪中160℃反应12min,待反应后取出自然冷却。冷却到室温后,采用液相色谱定量检测,得糠醛产率为30.2%。与没有添加双咪唑六氟磷酸盐(即双咪唑六氟磷酸盐空白)的反应相比较,可以提高13%左右,说明双咪唑六氟磷酸盐有提升催化效果的共催化功能。
实施例2:
取1.5 g木糖加入装有15mL水的微波反应瓶中,向其中加入0.3g右消旋樟脑磺酸和0.5g的双咪唑六氟磷酸盐(R:-CH=CHCH3,n=4)。将微波反应瓶放入微波合成仪中180℃反应12min,待反应后取出自然冷却。冷却到室温后,检测糠醛产率为22.1%。
实施例3:
取0.6 g木糖加入装有10 mL水的微波反应瓶中,向其中加入0.5g右消旋樟脑磺酸和1.5g的双咪唑六氟磷酸盐(R:-CH=CH2,n=1)。将微波反应瓶放入微波合成仪中170℃反应14min,待反应后取出自然冷却。冷却到室温后,检测糠醛产率为32.9%。
实施例4:
取0.3 g木糖加入装有5 mL水的微波反应瓶中,向其中加入0.1g右旋樟脑磺酸和1g的双咪唑六氟磷酸盐(R:-CH3,n=5)。将微波反应瓶放入微波合成仪中150℃反应10min,待反应后取出自然冷却。冷却到室温后,检测糠醛产率为32.5%。这表明该反应随反应时间变化明显。
实施例5:
取0.3 g木糖加入装有5 mL水的微波反应瓶中,向其中加入0.2g消旋樟脑磺酸和0.5g的双咪唑六氟磷酸盐(R:-CH3,n=6)。将微波反应瓶放入微波合成仪中150℃反应10min,待反应后取出自然冷却。冷却到室温后,检测糠醛产率为36.5%。
实施例6:
取0.05 g木糖加入装有5 mL水的微波反应瓶中,向其中加入0.1g消旋樟脑磺酸和1g的双咪唑六氟磷酸盐(R:-CH3,n=1)。将微波反应瓶放入微波合成仪中150℃反应10min。待反应后取出自然冷却。冷却到室温后,检测糠醛产率为54.5%。糖原料添加少,催化效率提升更明显。
实施例7:
取0.5 g木糖加入装有5 mL水的微波反应瓶中,向其中加入0.1g消旋樟脑磺酸和1g的双咪唑六氟磷酸盐(R:-CH3,n=1)。将微波反应瓶放入微波合成仪中150℃反应10min,待反应后取出自然冷却。冷却到室温后,检测糠醛产率为30.4%。
实施例8:
取0.3 g木糖加入装有5 mL水的微波反应瓶中,向其中加入0.1g消旋樟脑磺酸和1g的双咪唑六氟磷酸盐(R:-CH3,n=3)。将微波反应瓶放入微波合成仪中150℃反应8min,反应后取出自然冷却。待反应后取出自然冷却。冷却到室温后,检测糠醛产率为40.3%。
实施例9:
取0.03 g木糖加入装有2 mL水的微波反应瓶中,向其中加入0.05g右消旋樟脑磺酸和0.25g的双咪六氟磷酸盐(R:-CH2CH2CH3,n=2)。将微波反应瓶放入微波合成仪中120℃反应6min,待反应后取出自然冷却。冷却到室温后,检测糠醛产率为29.7%。
实施例10:
取0.3 g木糖加入装有5 mL水的微波反应瓶中,向其中加入0.1g消旋樟脑磺酸和1g的双咪唑六氟磷酸盐(R:-CH3,n=3)。将微波反应瓶放入微波合成仪中150℃反应4min,待反应后取出自然冷却。冷却到室温后,检测糠醛产率为27.3%。反应时间偏短,效果不理想。
Claims (7)
1.一种微波加热下木糖制备糠醛的方法,其特征在于:向反应瓶内加入以质量比计的木糖、水、樟脑磺酸、双咪唑六氟磷酸盐,即:木糖:水:樟脑磺酸:双咪唑六氟磷酸盐=0.03∽1.5:2∽15:0.05∽0.5:0.25∽1.5;然后将反应瓶置于微波加热设备中进行加热反应,在搅拌的条件下,将加热温度调节到120∽180℃,反应时间为4∽14min,待反应结束后,收集产物,采用高效液相色谱检测糠醛的产率,通过外标定量分析,糠醛的产率为22.1∽54.5%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微波加热下木糖制备糠醛的方法,其特征在于:所述木糖:水:樟脑磺酸:双咪唑六氟磷酸盐的质量比= 0.05∽0.5:5∽10:0.1∽0.15:0.25∽1.0。
3.根据权利要求1所述的微波加热下木糖制备糠醛的方法,其特征在于:所述的微波加热设备为微波化学反应器、微波合成仪或微波消解仪中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的微波加热下木糖制备糠醛的方法,其特征在于:所述加热温度为140∽160℃,反应时间为6∽10 min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的微波加热下木糖制备糠醛的方法,其特征在于:所述樟脑磺酸为左旋樟脑磺酸、右旋樟脑磺酸或消旋樟脑磺酸中的一种或任意两种或三种的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的微波加热下木糖制备糠醛的方法,其特征在于:所述双咪唑六氟磷酸盐为R=CH3-,n=3型化合物。
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