CN112617011A - Compound feed for promoting maturity of litopenaeus vannamei ovary and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Compound feed for promoting maturity of litopenaeus vannamei ovary and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compound feed for promoting maturity of litopenaeus vannamei ovary and a preparation method thereof. The invention takes fish meal, gelatin and casein as protein sources, and takes cholesterol, palm oil, fish oil and krill oil as fat sources. Grinding the granular raw materials by a high-speed multifunctional grinder, then preparing the raw materials into powder by a screen, adding all the raw materials according to the proportion, fully mixing, uniformly mixing distilled water and feed components, sieving the mixture by the screen, preparing the sieved materials into soft sand by a strong mixer, transferring the soft sand into a double-screw grinder, and extruding the soft sand into granular feed. The feed was air dried at room temperature until the moisture content was below 10% and stored at-20 ℃. The artificial compound feed has the advantages of comprehensive nutrition, stable quality, convenient feeding, easy storage and transportation and the like, can ensure that the parent shrimps grow healthily, can effectively promote the gonad development of the parent shrimps, promote the parent shrimps to secrete reproductive hormone, enhance the reproductive performance and have wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of marine product culture, relates to a litopenaeus vannamei culture technology, and particularly relates to a litopenaeus vannamei ovary maturity promoting compound feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Litopenaeus vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) native to the east Pacific region of Soranola, Mexico, to northern Peru, has recently been widely cultivated worldwide. According to the statistics of the world food and agriculture organization, the breeding yield of the litopenaeus vannamei worldwide is increased from 18.6 ten thousand tons in 1999 to 4966.2 ten thousand tons in 2018. Litopenaeus vannamei was introduced into China in 1987, and has become the most important prawn culture variety in China at present due to the high economic value and good culture characteristics of the Litopenaeus vannamei.
The breeding link of the Litopenaeus vannamei is at the beginning of the whole Litopenaeus vannamei industry chain, most of the Litopenaeus vannamei breeding in China is imported from foreign companies, and the development of the Litopenaeus vannamei industry in China is severely restricted by the dependence on foreign shrimp breeding. Since 2004 in China, a large-scale family-based multi-character compound breeding technology for aquatic animals is established through introduction, digestion and absorption and independent innovation, and the total artificial parent cultivation becomes the technical key of the litopenaeus vannamei industry.
Nutrition is undoubtedly one of the key factors in parent breeding, and determines the gonadal development and reproductive performance of parents. At present, female litopenaeus vannamei is promoted to ripen domestically and abroad mainly based on an eyestalk excision operation and by feeding clamworms and squids to strengthen the nutrition of the female litopenaeus vannamei, so that the gonad ripening purpose is achieved. Although this technology is widely used in many parts of the world, it is also well established in production. But there are disadvantages in that: firstly, although the mature ovary development and the mass oviposition can be rapidly promoted by cutting the eyestalk, the parent shrimps after cutting the eyestalk are in a vigorous development state due to the loss of the regulation and control of gonadal inhibitory hormone until the ovary failure, and the increase of the death rate is sometimes aggravated by destructive operation; secondly, the clamworm contains a large amount of unsaturated fatty acid, especially the content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is very rich, and the clamworm is a high-quality bait for aquatic organism parents such as prawn parents and the like; the squid contains some sex hormones or sterol substances which can effectively induce the generation and accumulation of yolk substances, and the yolk substances and the sterol substances have high nutritive values and ideal effects on the propagation of parent shrimps. However, they have a series of problems in the application process, such as high price, water quality damage, pathogen infection, unstable quality and the like. Compared with the prior art, the artificial compound feed has the advantages of comprehensive nutrition, stable quality, convenient feeding, easy storage and transportation and the like.
Lipid is an important nutrient element in reproductive development, and the fat level and fatty acid of the bait play an extremely important role in the gonad maturation and reproductive performance of parent shrimps. Krill oil contains various kinds of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid. Krill oil has a high concentration of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 13.8-20.3%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 5.6-17.4%) are valuable dietary supplements. While fish oil contains similar levels of EPA and DHA, krill oil is unique in that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are rich in phospholipid-derived omega-3 fatty acids and are more bioavailable than the Triglyceride (TAG) in fish oil. In addition, krill oil also contains astaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment and a powerful natural antioxidant. Phospholipid is an essential nutrient of shrimps, is a main component of fat in the ovary of the shrimps, and mainly exists in the forms of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Therefore, the krill oil can be used as a daily ration fat source for promoting the ovary ripening of the parent shrimps.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the compound feed taking krill oil as a main fat source to replace biological bait, the compound feed has the advantages of comprehensive nutrition, stable quality, convenient feeding, easy storage and transportation and the like, can technically replace biological bait for feeding, can ensure that the parent shrimps grow healthily, can effectively promote the gonad development of the parent shrimps, promotes the secretion of reproductive hormone of the parent shrimps, and enhances the reproductive performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the compound feed for promoting the maturity of the ovary of the litopenaeus vannamei is provided, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-300 parts of fish meal, 200-400 parts of casein, 50-100 parts of gelatin, 100-200 parts of corn starch, 1-20 parts of fish oil, 10-50 parts of krill oil, 1-10 parts of cholesterol, 10-50 parts of palm oil, 0.5-5 parts of anhydrous calcium carbonate, 1-10 parts of calcium lactate pentahydrate, 1-10 parts of choline chloride, 1-10 parts of myoinositol, 0.1-1 part of betaine, 10-30 parts of vitamin premix, 1-20 parts of mineral premix, 10-30 parts of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 10-30 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 40-100 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.
Further, the vitamin premix comprises the following components: vitamin A acetate, L-ascorbic acid-2-polyphosphate 35% active C, folic acid, biotin, riboflavin, DLCa-pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, Chloramine hydrochloride, vitamin B12, vitamin K3, and vitamin D3DL-alpha-tocopherol acetic acid, nicotinic acid and defatted rice bran.
Further, the vitamin premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1-1% of vitamin A acetate, 35% of L-ascorbic acid-2-polyphosphate active C10-40%, 0.1-1% of folic acid, 1-5% of biotin, 1-5% of riboflavin, 1-10% of DLCa-pantothenic acid, 1-5% of pyridoxine, 0.1-1% of Chloramine hydrochloride, 120.1-1% of vitamin B, 26-5% of vitamin K31 and vitamin D30.1-1%, 5-10% of DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetic acid, 1-10% of nicotinic acid and 30-50% of defatted rice bran.
Further, the mineral premix comprises the following components: zinc sulfate monohydrate, calcium iodate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, magnesium sulfate monohydrate, cobalt chloride, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, sodium selenite, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate and bran flour.
Further, the mineral premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1-3% of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.1-1% of calcium iodate, 0.5-1% of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.5-1% of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 2-5% of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 0.1-1% of cobalt chloride, 0.5-1% of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 0.1-1% of sodium selenite, 10-20% of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate and 70-80% of bran flour.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the litopenaeus vannamei ovary maturity promoting compound feed, which comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively crushing the fish meal, the gelatin and the 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol in a high-speed crusher, and sieving the crushed materials by using a 60-80-mesh sieve for later use;
s2, blending choline chloride, myoinositol and betaine into 20-100 mL of deionized water to obtain an ionic water mixed solution;
s3, sequentially adding anhydrous calcium carbonate, calcium lactate pentahydrate, cholesterol, a mineral premix, a vitamin premix, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, gelatin, corn starch, fish meal and casein into a container according to the addition amount from small to large, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;
s4, sequentially adding a mixed solution of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, fish oil, krill oil, palm oil and ionized water into the premix, and fully and uniformly mixing;
s5, uniformly mixing and stirring, sieving by using a 60-80 mesh sieve, transferring the undersize into a strong stirrer for fully stirring, supplementing 2-5 mL of deionized water, and stirring again to obtain a soft-flour sand-shaped mixture;
s6, transferring the mixture into a double-helix grinder to be extruded into particles, and air-drying at room temperature to obtain the litopenaeus vannamei ovary ripening compound feed.
Further, the diameter of the particles is 1.5-3 mm, and the length of the particles is 0.2-1 cm.
Further, the pellets were air-dried at room temperature to a moisture content of less than 10% and stored at-20 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the compound feed for promoting the maturity of the litopenaeus vannamei ovary has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the compound feed can obviously improve the contents of estradiol (E2) and methyl farnesyl ester (MF) in the serum of the parent shrimps, promote the deposition of yolk granules in the ovary of the parent shrimps, can replace biological feed to ensure that the ovary of the parent shrimps is mature, and reduce the risk of infecting pathogenic bacteria of the parent shrimps by eating the biological feed;
(2) the compound feed can improve the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the hepatopancreas, improve the oxidation resistance of the hepatopancreas of parent shrimps, reduce the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in lipid peroxide degradation products, reduce the attack degree of organism cells by free radicals, and is an artificial compound feed which can ensure the healthy growth of the parent shrimps and promote the maturity of ovaries.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing that the addition of phospholipids to the feed of the present invention promotes the accumulation of lipids in the hepatopancreas and ovaries of female parent shrimp individuals;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of the section of the ovary tissue of parent shrimp in the present invention and the control groups 1-3;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the gonadal index (A) and hormone levels (B/C) of parent shrimps in the present invention and control groups 1-3;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of the antioxidase activity of parent shrimps in the present invention and the control groups 1 to 3;
FIG. 5A shows clamworm fed to control group 4, FIG. 5B shows the control group 4 ingesting the feces of parent shrimp of clamworm, and FIG. 5C shows the feces of parent shrimp of the present invention and control groups 1-3 ingesting feed;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the amount of Vibrio in the aqueous environment and the shrimp-philic feces in the invention and the control groups 1 to 4.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Pretreatment: selecting healthy, uniform and strong-activity female litopenaeus vannamei (the weight is 30-35 g, the body length is 13-15 cm, and the age is 160 days), and soaking and disinfecting the female litopenaeus vannamei in a povidone-iodine solution of 1500-2000 ppm for 3-5 s before the female litopenaeus vannamei enters a pool to prevent filamentous bacteria, fungi and protozoa from being infected.
(II) culture pond 1 #: parent shrimp culture pond (round barrel): d (4.0) mxh (1.1) m, controlling the actual water storage amount to be 6.0-6.3 m3And a light control, temperature control and oxygen increasing system is configured.
The preparation method of the litopenaeus vannamei ovary ripening compound feed comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively crushing 200g of fish meal, 80g of gelatin and 20g of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol in a high-speed multifunctional crusher (model: 4500Y), and sieving by using a 80-mesh sieve for later use;
s2, dissolving 4g of choline chloride, 5g of myoinositol and 0.25g of betaine into 50mL of deionized water to obtain an ionic water mixed solution;
s3, sequentially adding 1g of anhydrous calcium carbonate, 4g of calcium lactate pentahydrate, 5g of cholesterol, 10g of mineral premix, 20g of vitamin premix, 20g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 70.75g of microcrystalline cellulose, 80g of gelatin, 150g of corn starch, 200g of fish meal and 320g of casein into a container according to the adding amount from small to large, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the premix;
s4, sequentially adding 20g of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 10g of fish oil, 40g of krill oil, 40g of palm oil and the ionic water mixed solution into the premix, and fully and uniformly mixing;
s5, uniformly mixing and stirring, sieving by using a 60-mesh sieve, transferring the undersize into a strong stirrer (model: B20) for fully stirring, supplementing 2.5mL of deionized water, and stirring again to obtain a soft flour sand-shaped mixture;
s6, transferring the mixture into a double-helix grinder (model: CD4-1TS) to be extruded into particles with the diameter of 2.5mm and the length of 0.5cm, air-drying the particles at room temperature until the water content is lower than 10%, and storing the particles at the temperature of-20 ℃ to obtain the litopenaeus vannamei ovary ripening compound feed.
The vitamin premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: vitamin A acetate (50 ten thousand IU/g): 0.48%, L-ascorbic acid-2-polyphosphate 35% active C: 35.71%, folic acid: 0.18%, biotin: 2.5%, riboflavin: 3%, DLCa-pantothenic acid: 5%, pyridoxine: 1%, Chloramine hydrochloride salt: 0.5%, vitamin B12: 0.2%, vitamin K3: 2% of vitamin D3(50 ten thousand IU/g): 0.8%, DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetic acid (250 IU/g): 8%, nicotinic acid: 5% and defatted rice bran: 35.63 percent.
The mineral premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zinc sulfate monohydrate: 2%, calcium iodate: 0.1%, copper sulfate pentahydrate: 0.6%, manganese sulfate monohydrate: 1%, magnesium sulfate monohydrate: 4% and cobalt chloride: 1%, ferrous sulfate monohydrate: 0.8%, sodium selenite: 0.8%, dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate: 15% of bran flour: 74.7 percent.
(IV) parent shrimp culture: the temporary culture density is 50 tails per pond, the daily water change amount is 1/3-1/2, residual baits, molting and excrement are removed in a siphoning mode before water change, and a good water quality environment (water temperature is 28-29 ℃, pH is 7.8-8.4, salinity is 30-32 ppt, dissolved oxygen is 5.0-6.0 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is 0.10-0.30 mg/L, and nitrite nitrogen is 0.03-0.10 mg/L) is maintained, wherein the light period is controlled to be L: D which is 12-14: 10-12 every day.
(V) feeding parent shrimps: the feed is fed for the cultivation experiment of 28 days. In order to avoid nutrient loss caused by long-time soaking of the feed in a culture water body during culture, feeding is carried out 7 times at 7:30, 10:00, 13:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00 and 23:30 every day, the daily feeding amount is 5-8% of the total weight, and the feed amount is adjusted according to the weather condition and the ingestion condition every day.
Example 2
Pretreatment: selecting healthy, uniform and strong-activity female litopenaeus vannamei (the weight is 30-35 g, the body length is 13-15 cm, and the age is 160 days), and soaking and disinfecting the female litopenaeus vannamei in a povidone-iodine solution of 1500-2000 ppm for 3-5 s before the female litopenaeus vannamei enters a pool to prevent filamentous bacteria, fungi and protozoa from being infected.
(II) culture pond 1 #: parent shrimp culture pond (round barrel): d (4.0) mxh (1.1) m, controlling the actual water storage amount to be 6.0-6.3 m3And a light control, temperature control and oxygen increasing system is configured.
The preparation method of the litopenaeus vannamei ovary ripening compound feed comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively crushing 100g of fish meal, 50g of gelatin and 10g of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol in a high-speed multifunctional crusher, and sieving by using a 80-mesh sieve for later use;
s2, 1g of choline chloride, 1g of myoinositol and 0.1g of betaine are mixed into 100mL of deionized water to obtain an ionic water mixed solution;
s3, sequentially adding 0.5g of anhydrous calcium carbonate, 1g of calcium lactate pentahydrate, 1g of cholesterol, 1g of mineral premix, 10g of vitamin premix, 10g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 49.34g of microcrystalline cellulose, 50g of gelatin, 100g of corn starch, 100g of fish meal and 200g of casein into a container according to the addition amount from small to large, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the premix;
s4, sequentially adding 10g of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 1g of fish oil, 10g of krill oil, 10g of palm oil and the ionic water mixed solution into the premix, and fully and uniformly mixing;
s5, uniformly mixing and stirring, sieving by using a 80-mesh sieve, transferring the undersize into a strong stirrer to be fully stirred, supplementing 2mL of deionized water, and stirring again to obtain a soft-flour sand-shaped mixture;
s6, transferring the mixture into a double-helix grinder to extrude particles with the diameter of 1.5mm and the length of 0.2cm, air-drying at room temperature until the water content is lower than 10%, and storing at-20 ℃ to obtain the litopenaeus vannamei ovary ripening compound feed.
The vitamin premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: vitamin A acetate (50 ten thousand IU/g): 1%, L-ascorbic acid-2-polyphosphate 35% active C: 40% and folic acid: 0.1%, biotin: 1%, riboflavin: 1%, DLCa-pantothenic acid: 1%, pyridoxine: 1%, Chloramine hydrochloride salt: 0.1%, vitamin B12: 0.1%, vitamin K3: 1% of vitamin D3(50 ten thousand IU/g): 1%, DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetic acid (250 IU/g): 10%, nicotinic acid: 10% and defatted rice bran: 32.7 percent.
The mineral premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zinc sulfate monohydrate: 1%, calcium iodate: 0.1%, copper sulfate pentahydrate: 1%, manganese sulfate monohydrate: 1%, magnesium sulfate monohydrate: 2% and cobalt chloride: 1%, ferrous sulfate monohydrate: 1%, sodium selenite: 0.1%, dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate: 12.8% and bran flour: 80 percent.
(IV) parent shrimp culture: the temporary culture density is 50 tails per pond, the daily water change amount is 1/3-1/2, residual baits, molting and excrement are removed in a siphoning mode before water change, and a good water quality environment (water temperature is 28-29 ℃, pH is 7.8-8.4, salinity is 30-32 ppt, dissolved oxygen is 5.0-6.0 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is 0.10-0.30 mg/L, and nitrite nitrogen is 0.03-0.10 mg/L) is maintained, wherein the light period is controlled to be L: D which is 12-14: 10-12 every day.
(V) feeding parent shrimps: the feed is fed for the cultivation experiment of 28 days. In order to avoid nutrient loss caused by long-time soaking of the feed in a culture water body during culture, feeding is carried out 7 times at 7:30, 10:00, 13:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00 and 23:30 every day, the daily feeding amount is 5-8% of the total weight, and the feed amount is adjusted according to the weather condition and the ingestion condition every day.
Example 3
Pretreatment: selecting healthy, uniform and strong-activity female litopenaeus vannamei (the weight is 30-35 g, the body length is 13-15 cm, and the age is 160 days), and soaking and disinfecting the female litopenaeus vannamei in a povidone-iodine solution of 1500-2000 ppm for 3-5 s before the female litopenaeus vannamei enters a pool to prevent filamentous bacteria, fungi and protozoa from being infected.
(II) culture pond 1 #: parent shrimp culture pond (round barrel): d (4.0) mxh (1.1) m, controlling the actual water storage amount to be 6.0-6.3 m3And a light control, temperature control and oxygen increasing system is configured.
The preparation method of the litopenaeus vannamei ovary ripening compound feed comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively crushing 300g of fish meal, 50g of gelatin and 30g of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol in a high-speed crusher, and sieving by using a 80-mesh sieve for later use;
s2, blending 10g of choline chloride, 10g of myoinositol and 1g of betaine into 20-100 mL of deionized water to obtain an ionic water mixed solution;
s3, adding 5g of anhydrous calcium carbonate, 10g of calcium lactate pentahydrate, 10g of cholesterol, 20g of mineral premix, 30g of vitamin premix, 30g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 40g of microcrystalline cellulose, 50g of gelatin, 100g of corn starch, 234g of casein and 300g of fish meal into a container in sequence from small to large according to the adding amount, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the premix;
s4, sequentially adding 30g of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 20g of fish oil, 50g of krill oil, 50g of palm oil and the ionic water mixed solution into the premix, and fully and uniformly mixing;
s5, uniformly mixing and stirring, sieving by using a 80-mesh sieve, transferring the undersize into a strong stirrer to be fully stirred, supplementing 5mL of deionized water, and stirring again to obtain a soft-flour sand-shaped mixture;
s6, transferring the mixture into a double-screw grinder to extrude the mixture into particles with the diameter of 3mm and the length of 1cm, air-drying the particles at room temperature until the water content is lower than 10%, and storing the particles at-20 ℃ to obtain the litopenaeus vannamei ovary ripening compound feed.
The vitamin premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: vitamin A acetate (50 ten thousand IU/g): 1%, L-ascorbic acid-2-polyphosphate 35% active C: 20% and folic acid: 1%, biotin: 5%, riboflavin: 5%, DLCa-pantothenic acid: 10%, pyridoxine: 5%, Chloramine hydrochloride salt: 1%, vitamin B12: 1%, vitamin K3: 5% of vitamin D3(50 ten thousand IU/g): 1%, DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetic acid (250I)U/g): 5%, nicotinic acid: 10% and defatted rice bran: 30 percent.
The mineral premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zinc sulfate monohydrate: 3%, calcium iodate: 1%, copper sulfate pentahydrate: 1%, manganese sulfate monohydrate: 1%, magnesium sulfate monohydrate: 5% and cobalt chloride: 1%, ferrous sulfate monohydrate: 1%, sodium selenite: 1% and calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate: 16% of bran flour: 70 percent.
(IV) parent shrimp culture: the temporary culture density is 50 tails per pond, the daily water change amount is 1/3-1/2, residual baits, molting and excrement are removed in a siphoning mode before water change, and a good water quality environment (water temperature is 28-29 ℃, pH is 7.8-8.4, salinity is 30-32 ppt, dissolved oxygen is 5.0-6.0 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen is 0.10-0.30 mg/L, and nitrite nitrogen is 0.03-0.10 mg/L) is maintained, wherein the light period is controlled to be L: D which is 12-14: 10-12 every day.
(V) feeding parent shrimps: the feed is fed for the cultivation experiment of 28 days. In order to avoid nutrient loss caused by long-time soaking of the feed in a culture water body during culture, feeding is carried out 7 times at 7:30, 10:00, 13:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00 and 23:30 every day, the daily feeding amount is 5-8% of the total weight, and the feed amount is adjusted according to the weather condition and the ingestion condition every day.
Control group 1 (feeding PL0 group feed)
The components, preparation method and cultivation and feeding process of the control group 1 were the same as those of the present invention in example 1 except that the feed contained no krill oil, cholesterol, fish oil and palm oil.
Control group 2 (feed SL group)
Control group 3 (feed EL group)
Control group 3 replaced krill oil with egg yolk lecithin except for the feed; the other components, the preparation method and the culture and feeding processes are all the same as the embodiment 1 of the invention.
Control group 4 (feeding BB group biological bait, clam worm: squid: 3:2)
The control group 4 was the same as in example 1 of the present invention except that the bait for clamworm and squid was fed.
Monitoring and detecting: detecting the water environment and the fecal vibrio content during the culture experiment; detection of estradiol (E) in serum ingested by different feed groups after the end of the cultivation experiment2) Content, methyl farnesyl ester (MF) content; hepatopancrease antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase SOD, malondialdehyde MDA, glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px); ovarian tissue sections were observed. And finally, judging the female reproductive performance of the litopenaeus vannamei by using the indexes.
The results of the parent shrimps cultured in the inventive example and the control group 1-4 are analyzed (different alphabets in the figure show significant difference (P < 0.05)):
the embodiment of the invention and the control groups 1-4 are respectively fed to female litopenaeus vannamei 28 d. As shown in figure 1, the addition of phospholipids to the feed of the present invention promotes the accumulation of lipids in the hepatopancreas and ovaries of female individuals. As shown in fig. 2, the parent shrimp ovary tissue sections, the present invention (KO group) promoted deposition of yolk particles in the parent shrimp ovary more effectively than the control group 1(PL0 group), the control group 2(SL group) and the control group 3(EL group).
As shown in fig. 3, the gonadal index GSI of each treatment group rose from the initial 0.51% to 2.23% to 4.69%, with the female shrimps to which the phospholipid-derived feed was added having a higher GSI value (P <0.05) than the non-added (control group 1). Also, the GSI value of the present invention (KO group) was higher than that of control 2(SL group) (P <0.05), with control 3(EL group) in between (FIG. 3A). Compared with the control group 1(PL0 group), the serum contents of estrogen estradiol E2 (FIG. 3B) and methyl farnesyl ester MF (FIG. 3C) in the phospholipid-added group are significantly increased (P <0.05), and the value of the present invention (KO group) is higher than that of the EL and SL groups (P < 0.05).
As shown in FIG. 4, the present invention and the control groups 2-3 fed the female shrimp fed with the phospholipid source-supplemented feed had a lower malondialdehyde content (P <0.05) (FIG. 4B) and higher activities of superoxide dismutase SOD (FIG. 4A) and glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px (FIG. 4C) (P <0.05) compared to the PL0 group, and the present invention was most effective in antioxidation in three different phospholipid sources.
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the amount of Vibrio in the aqueous environment was significantly lower in the present and control groups 1 to 3 than in the BB group (P <0.05) (FIG. 6A) and the amount of vibrio in the feces was significantly lower in the present and control groups 1 to 3 than in the BB group (P <0.05) (FIG. 6B), which was a biological bait fed thereto. The result shows that the feed can effectively reduce the risk of infecting pathogenic bacteria of the parent shrimps by feeding biological baits.
Therefore, the krill oil is a good lipid source, and can promote the maturity of the ovary of the litopenaeus vannamei when added into the feed. Meanwhile, the components and the proportion in the feed are not randomly selected or added, but are formed by repeated screening and proportioning experiments, selective selection and combination according to a certain proportion. The artificial compound feed can replace biological bait for feeding, has the advantages of comprehensive nutrition, stable quality, convenient feeding, easy storage and transportation and the like, can ensure that the parent shrimps grow healthily, can effectively promote the gonad development of the parent shrimps, promote the parent shrimps to secrete reproductive hormone, enhance the reproductive performance and has wide application prospect.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, therefore, the present invention is not limited by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The compound feed for promoting maturity of the ovary of the litopenaeus vannamei is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100-300 parts of fish meal, 200-400 parts of casein, 50-100 parts of gelatin, 100-200 parts of corn starch, 1-20 parts of fish oil, 10-50 parts of krill oil, 1-10 parts of cholesterol, 10-50 parts of palm oil, 0.5-5 parts of anhydrous calcium carbonate, 1-10 parts of calcium lactate pentahydrate, 1-10 parts of choline chloride, 1-10 parts of myoinositol, 0.1-1 part of betaine, 10-30 parts of vitamin premix, 1-20 parts of mineral premix, 10-30 parts of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 10-30 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 40-100 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.
2. The litopenaeus vannamei ovary maturity-promoting compound feed as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the vitaminsThe premix comprises the following components: vitamin A acetate, L-ascorbic acid-2-polyphosphate 35% active C, folic acid, biotin, riboflavin, DLCa-pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, Chloramine hydrochloride, vitamin B12, vitamin K3, and vitamin D3DL-alpha-tocopherol acetic acid, nicotinic acid and defatted rice bran.
3. The litopenaeus vannamei ovary maturity-promoting compound feed as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the vitamin premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1-1% of vitamin A acetate, 35% of L-ascorbic acid-2-polyphosphate active C10-40%, 0.1-1% of folic acid, 1-5% of biotin, 1-5% of riboflavin, 1-10% of DLCa-pantothenic acid, 1-5% of pyridoxine, 0.1-1% of Chloramine hydrochloride, 120.1-1% of vitamin B, 26-5% of vitamin K31, and vitamin D30.1-1%, 5-10% of DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetic acid, 1-10% of nicotinic acid and 30-50% of defatted rice bran.
4. The litopenaeus vannamei ovary maturity-promoting compound feed as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the mineral premix comprises the following components: zinc sulfate monohydrate, calcium iodate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, magnesium sulfate monohydrate, cobalt chloride, ferrous sulfate monohydrate, sodium selenite, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate and bran flour.
5. The litopenaeus vannamei ovary maturity-promoting compound feed according to claim 4, characterized in that: the mineral premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1-3% of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.1-1% of calcium iodate, 0.5-1% of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.5-1% of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 2-5% of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 0.1-1% of cobalt chloride, 0.5-1% of ferrous sulfate monohydrate, 0.1-1% of sodium selenite, 10-20% of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate and 70-80% of bran flour.
6. A preparation method of the litopenaeus vannamei ovary ripening compound feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, respectively crushing the fish meal, the gelatin and the 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol in a high-speed crusher, and sieving the crushed materials by using a 60-80-mesh sieve for later use;
s2, blending choline chloride, myoinositol and betaine into 20-100 mL of deionized water to obtain an ionic water mixed solution;
s3, sequentially adding anhydrous calcium carbonate, calcium lactate pentahydrate, cholesterol, a mineral premix, a vitamin premix, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, gelatin, corn starch, fish meal and casein into a container according to the addition amount from small to large, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;
s4, sequentially adding a mixed solution of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, fish oil, krill oil, palm oil and ionized water into the premix, and fully and uniformly mixing;
s5, uniformly mixing and stirring, sieving by using a 60-80 mesh sieve, transferring the undersize into a strong stirrer for fully stirring, supplementing 2-5 mL of deionized water, and stirring again to obtain a soft-flour sand-shaped mixture;
s6, transferring the mixture into a double-helix grinder to be extruded into particles, and air-drying at room temperature to obtain the litopenaeus vannamei ovary ripening compound feed.
7. The preparation method of the litopenaeus vannamei ovary ripening compound feed according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: the diameter of the particles is 1.5-3 mm, and the length of the particles is 0.2-1 cm.
8. The preparation method of the litopenaeus vannamei ovary ripening compound feed according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: the pellets were air dried at room temperature to a moisture content of less than 10% and stored at-20 ℃.
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| CN115088657A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-09-23 | 杭州师范大学 | Method for improving fertility rate and hatchability of old litopenaeus vannamei |
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