CN112616350A - Method for preventing salt return of saline-alkali soil by using salt isolation layer - Google Patents
Method for preventing salt return of saline-alkali soil by using salt isolation layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN112616350A CN112616350A CN202011406008.XA CN202011406008A CN112616350A CN 112616350 A CN112616350 A CN 112616350A CN 202011406008 A CN202011406008 A CN 202011406008A CN 112616350 A CN112616350 A CN 112616350A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preventing salt return of saline-alkali soil by using a salt isolation layer, which comprises the following steps: ploughing a saline-alkali soil layer with the thickness of 50-70cm, and removing ploughed soil; paving an iron tailing layer with the thickness of 5-10 cm; laying a straw layer with the thickness of 15-20 cm; laying a charcoal layer with the thickness of 4-8 cm; and backfilling the saline-alkali soil. The method can reduce the accumulation speed of the bottom salt on the ground surface, and has the effect of inhibiting the soil from salt return; the pH and the salt content of surface soil can be effectively reduced, the organic matter content in the soil is increased, and a proper soil environment is provided for plant growth; the salt separation layer prepared by two kinds of solid wastes and biochar can achieve the effect of inhibiting salt return of soil, change waste into valuable and improve economic, social and environmental benefits; has the characteristics of strong operability, good effect, high benefit and wide popularization and application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soil treatment, in particular to the field of saline-alkali soil treatment, and particularly relates to a technology for preventing salt return of saline-alkali soil by using a salt isolation layer.
Background
Soil salinization and secondary salinization are serious problems affecting agricultural production and ecological environment. At present, about 20% of cultivated land and nearly 50% of irrigated farmland all over the world are seriously affected by high-concentration saline and alkaline in soil to reduce the yield of agricultural products. China is a big saline-alkali land, and according to incomplete statistics of textbook organization and grain agriculture organization of the United nations, the total area of the saline-alkali land in China is 9913 ten thousand hectares, which accounts for 10.4% of the area of the global saline-alkali land, and is listed third in the global position.
The saline-alkali soil is formed by a plurality of reasons including natural factors and human factors. The bottom of the soil contains a large amount of salt under the influence of various factors. Meanwhile, along with the capillary action in the soil and the evaporation action on the surface layer of the soil, salt rises to the surface along with water and is accumulated on the surface. Excessive vertical movement of salt in soil causes damage to the internal structure of the soil, which is characterized by high soil volume weight and poor air permeability and water permeability; the accumulation of a large amount of salt on the surface layer of the soil causes soil hardening, high osmotic pressure of the soil and the like. These traits seriously affect the normal growth of plants, causing economic losses in agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. Therefore, in the saline-alkali soil, the soil salinity is a main limiting factor influencing the soil property and the plant growth, the research on the physicochemical properties of each part of the saline-alkali soil and the relation between the physicochemical properties and the soil salinity of each part of the saline-alkali soil has great significance for reasonably improving and utilizing the saline-alkali soil, reasonably increasing the available soil area and reasonably increasing the economic income of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry.
Aiming at the formation characteristics of saline-alkali soil, namely that salt rises along with soil capillary water and accumulates on the ground surface, cutting off part of soil capillaries is an effective way for effectively reducing soil salt return theoretically. Aiming at the theory, the probability of salt return of the soil can be effectively reduced by arranging an isolation layer in the saline-alkali soil or increasing the porosity of the soil.
Chinese patent CN108513753A discloses a salt-separating paper which uses kraft paper or corrugated paper as a carrier and uses several substances of methylcellulose, vinasse, sawdust and bacillus subtilis as salt-separating substances to further prepare the salt-separating paper which can play a salt-separating effect in soil. The method can play roles in buffering and blocking soil capillary action, reducing salt content and reducing cost, but has a short effect of a salt isolation layer. The Chinese invention patent CN109757144A discloses a method for improving coastal saline-alkali land, wherein slag, desulfurized gypsum and dry branches and fallen leaves are used as isolation layers. The method can prevent salt from accumulating upwards, but the soil resource is transferred by the soil dressing method, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed. Chinese patent CN106106035A discloses a salt-separating layer mainly made of porcelain granules and a method for realizing root-divided alternate irrigation by using the salt-separating layer. The method limits salt accumulation and salt return of the soil root system layer, improves the utilization rate of irrigation water, but the required materials are complex. In addition to the above technologies, the prior art also includes single methods such as returning crop straws to the field and composite methods such as crop straw isolation and mulching film covering, so as to achieve the effects of controlling and inhibiting salt. However, the mulching can cause secondary pollution to the environment, and is not beneficial to popularization and application.
In summary, the current research on the saline-alkali soil salt inhibition and control has certain problems. Therefore, the method for inhibiting the salt in the saline-alkali soil, which can effectively inhibit the accumulation of the salt in the soil and has higher economic, environmental and social benefits, is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for effectively inhibiting salt return of saline-alkali soil so as to achieve the effect of slowing down the formation process of the saline-alkali soil. Meanwhile, the technology is combined with other saline-alkali soil improvement technologies, so that the effect of improving the saline-alkali soil for a long time can be achieved.
The invention aims to provide a method for preventing salt return of saline-alkali soil by using a salt isolation layer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) ploughing a saline-alkali soil layer with the thickness of 50-70cm, and removing ploughed soil;
(2) laying an iron tailing layer;
(3) laying a straw layer;
(4) laying a charcoal layer;
(5) and backfilling the saline-alkali soil.
Further, in the step (1), the saline-alkali soil is ploughed, and the porosity of partial soil on the salt isolation layer and the water holding capacity of the soil can be increased; and removing the soil with the thickness of 50-70cm at the upper layer after ploughing so as to lay a salt-separating layer.
Further, the particle size of the iron tailings in the step (2) is not more than 1cm, the iron tailings are uniformly paved at the position where the iron tailings are removed from the soil, and the paving thickness is 5-10 cm.
Further, the straws in the step (3) are air-dried and crushed wheat straws, and the length of the crushed straws is less than 5 cm. Uniformly paving the crushed straws on the iron tailing salt separation layer, and under the condition of not compacting, paving the straw layer to a thickness of 15-20 cm.
Further, the biochar in the step (4) is commercially available wheat straw biochar or biochar obtained by pyrolyzing wheat straws at 400 ℃. And uniformly paving the biochar on the straw salt-separating layer, wherein the paving thickness is 4-8 cm.
Furthermore, the saline-alkali soil moved out after ploughing is completely and uniformly laid on the salt isolation layer, and the soil layer is compressed to ensure the safety of the soil in the test area.
Furthermore, after the soil is laid, the area is periodically watered and managed. If crops need to be planted, certain saline-alkali soil improvement measures are combined while a salt isolation layer is laid.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the salt separation layer is paved on the middle upper part of the saline-alkali soil, so that salt return of the bottom soil can be effectively inhibited.
(2) The saline-alkali soil salt isolation layer is composed of iron tailings, straws and biochar, wherein the iron tailings and the straws belong to solid waste and are one of the problems to be solved in the field of the environment at present. Therefore, the invention reduces the stockpiling amount of the iron tailings and the straws while inhibiting the salt return of the saline-alkali soil, and realizes various environmental benefits.
(3) The saline-alkali soil salt isolation layer comprises an iron tailing layer, a straw layer and a charcoal layer from bottom to top. On one hand, the iron tailings have larger specific surface area and porosity, and can increase the water holding capacity of soil and reduce the capillary action of the soil; on one hand, the straws can be decomposed in the soil automatically, and a large amount of organic substances can be generated in the decomposition process, so that the content of soil nutrient substances is increased, and the soil fertility is improved; meanwhile, the biochar has good adsorption performance, and can adsorb toxic substances and partial salt in soil moisture, so that the salt in the soil is reduced. In addition, the iron tailing layer and the biochar layer isolate the straw layer from the saline-alkali soil, so that the effects of cutting off soil capillaries and inhibiting soil salt return can be achieved, the content of harmful microorganisms in the straw decomposition process can be reduced, organic matters in the soil are increased, and meanwhile, the harm to crops is reduced.
(4) The saline-alkali soil salt-separating layer substance related by the invention has the advantages of wide source, low cost, high resource degree, good effect and wide application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure of soil after the practice of the present invention.
Shown in the figure: 1-a soil layer below the salt-barrier layer; 2-iron tailing salt isolation layer; 3-straw salt-separating layer; 4-a biochar salt barrier; 5-soil layer.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
In this example, coastal saline-alkali soil in Haixing county of Cangzhou city, Hebei province was used as an experimental land. Laying a salt isolation layer according to the following steps:
(1) marking out a plot to be tested on the coastal saline-alkali soil;
(2) the soil in the experimental area was ploughed and 50cm thick soil was removed.
(3) Uniformly paving a 5 cm-thick iron tailing salt isolation layer at the position 2 in the figure 1, wherein the particle size of the iron tailings is not more than 1 cm;
(4) uniformly paving a 15 cm-thick straw salt-separating layer at the position shown in 3 in the figure 1, wherein the selected straw is wheat straw, and the length of the straw is not more than 5 cm;
(5) uniformly paving a biochar salt isolating layer with the thickness of 4cm at a position shown by 4 in the figure 1, wherein the selected biochar is obtained by pyrolyzing wheat straws in a pyrolysis furnace at 400 ℃ in a laboratory;
(6) after the salt-separating layer is laid, the removed soil is moved back to the position shown by 5 in figure 1 and is compacted to ensure the stability of the soil in the later period.
(7) And after the salt isolation layer is laid, taking surface soil and measuring the pH value, the salt content and the organic matter content. And measuring the pH value, the salt content and the organic matter content of the surface soil of the experimental area once every 3 months for 6 times in total.
Example 2
In this example, coastal saline-alkali soil in the sea Xingxing county of Cangzhou province in Hebei was used as the experimental field. Laying a salt isolation layer according to the following steps:
(1) marking out a plot to be tested on the coastal saline-alkali soil;
(2) the soil in the experimental area was ploughed and 60cm thick soil was removed.
(3) Uniformly paving a 7 cm-thick iron tailing salt isolation layer at the position 2 in the figure 1, wherein the particle size of the iron tailings is not more than 1 cm;
(4) uniformly paving a straw salt-separating layer with the thickness of 17cm at the position shown in 3 in the figure 1, wherein the selected straw is wheat straw, and the length of the straw is not more than 5 cm;
(5) uniformly paving a biochar salt isolation layer with the thickness of 6cm at a position shown by 4 in the figure 1, wherein the selected biochar is obtained by pyrolyzing wheat straws in a pyrolysis furnace at 400 ℃ in a laboratory;
(6) after the salt-separating layer is laid, the removed soil is moved back to the position shown by 5 in figure 1 and is compacted to ensure the stability of the soil in the later period.
(7) And after the salt isolation layer is laid, taking surface soil and measuring the pH value, the salt content and the organic matter content. And measuring the pH value, the salt content and the organic matter content of the surface soil of the experimental area once every 3 months for 6 times in total.
Example 3
In this example, coastal saline-alkali soil in the sea Xingxing county of Cangzhou province in Hebei was used as the experimental field. Laying a salt isolation layer according to the following steps:
(1) marking out a plot to be tested on the coastal saline-alkali soil;
(2) the soil in the experimental area was ploughed and soil 70cm thick was removed.
(3) Uniformly paving a 10 cm-thick iron tailing salt isolation layer at a position 2 in the figure 1, wherein the particle size of the iron tailings is not more than 1 cm;
(4) uniformly laying a straw salt-separating layer with the thickness of 20cm at the position shown in 3 in the figure 1, wherein the selected straw is wheat straw, and the length of the straw is not more than 5 cm;
(5) uniformly paving a biochar salt isolation layer with the thickness of 8cm at a position shown by 4 in the figure 1, wherein the selected biochar is obtained by pyrolyzing wheat straws in a pyrolysis furnace at 400 ℃ in a laboratory;
(6) after the salt-separating layer is laid, the removed soil is moved back to the position shown by 5 in figure 1 and is compacted to ensure the stability of the soil in the later period.
(7) And after the salt isolation layer is laid, taking surface soil and measuring the pH value, the salt content and the organic matter content. And measuring the pH value, the salt content and the organic matter content of the surface soil of the experimental area once every 3 months for 6 times in total.
Comparative example 1
The method for preventing salt return of the saline-alkali soil by using the salt isolation layer is the same as that in example 3, except that the straw layer with the thickness of 20cm is paved at the same position as the salt isolation layer.
Comparative example 2
The method for preventing salt return of saline-alkali soil by using the salt separation layer is the same as that in example 3, and is different from the comparative example in that the salt separation layer comprises a straw layer, an iron tailing layer and a charcoal layer from bottom to top in laying sequence.
The results of the measurements are summarized in tables 1-3:
TABLE 1 Effect of salt barriers on soil pH
| After laying | 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 th time | 6 th time | |
| Example 1 | 8.94 | 8.79 | 8.62 | 8.59 | 8.52 | 8.44 | 8.39 |
| Example 2 | 8.91 | 8.84 | 8.69 | 8.61 | 8.49 | 8.40 | 8.34 |
| Example 3 | 8.95 | 8.77 | 8.58 | 8.55 | 8.43 | 8.37 | 8.26 |
| Comparative example 1 | 8.91 | 8.83 | 8.79 | 8.74 | 8.71 | 8.65 | 8.63 |
| Comparative example 2 | 8.92 | 8.85 | 8.81 | 8.73 | 8.68 | 8.61 | 8.54 |
TABLE 2 Effect of salt-separating layer on soil salinity (%)
| After laying | 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 th time | 6 th time | |
| Example 1 | 2.29 | 2.22 | 2.08 | 2.02 | 1.94 | 1.78 | 1.65 |
| Example 2 | 2.32 | 2.28 | 2.13 | 1.98 | 1.89 | 1.70 | 1.49 |
| Example 3 | 2.31 | 2.23 | 2.00 | 1.91 | 1.82 | 1.64 | 1.37 |
| Comparative example 1 | 2.29 | 2.33 | 2.28 | 2.23 | 2.17 | 2.11 | 2.03 |
| Comparative example 2 | 2.30 | 2.27 | 2.22 | 2.18 | 2.11 | 2.04 | 1.94 |
TABLE 3 Effect of salt-separating layer on soil organic matter content (%)
| After laying | 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 th time | 6 th time | |
| Example 1 | 9.95 | 9.99 | 10.06 | 10.13 | 10.19 | 10.22 | 10.25 |
| Example 2 | 9.92 | 9.94 | 10.09 | 10.14 | 10.21 | 10.28 | 10.37 |
| Example 3 | 9.87 | 9.94 | 10.11 | 10.19 | 10.30 | 10.39 | 10.46 |
| Comparative example 1 | 9.90 | 9.89 | 9.96 | 10.04 | 10.09 | 10.16 | 10.22 |
| Comparative example 2 | 9.91 | 9.94 | 9.98 | 10.02 | 10.06 | 10.14 | 10.25 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, examples 1-3 are more effective in lowering the pH of the soil than comparative examples 1 and 2, and example 3 has a better effect. Therefore, the method for inhibiting salt return of the saline-alkali soil by using the salt isolation layer can effectively reduce the pH value of the soil, improve the shape of the soil and improve the survival probability of plants.
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, examples 1-3 are more effective in reducing the salt content of the soil than comparative examples 1 and 2, and example 3 has a better effect. Therefore, the method for inhibiting salt return of the saline-alkali soil by using the salt separation layer can effectively inhibit the salt return rate of the soil, and can adsorb salt by using the salt separation layer, so that the salt content of the soil is reduced.
As can be seen from the data in table 3, examples 1 to 3 are more effective in increasing the organic matter content of the soil than comparative examples 1 and 2, and example 3 has a better effect. Therefore, the method for inhibiting salt return of the saline-alkali soil by using the salt separation layer can increase the organic matter content of the soil and improve the soil fertility.
In summary, the salt barrier involved in this method has certain limitations. Meanwhile, the method for inhibiting soil salt return by using the iron tailings, the straws and the biochar as salt barriers is strong in operability, good in effect, high in benefit and capable of being popularized and used in a large range.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned examples, and the above examples and drawings are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and the specific embodiments thereof have been described in detail with reference to the examples. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can make various changes, additions and substitutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preventing salt return of saline-alkali soil by using a salt isolation layer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) ploughing a saline-alkali soil layer, and removing ploughed soil;
(2) laying an iron tailing layer;
(3) laying a straw layer;
(4) laying a charcoal layer;
(5) and backfilling the saline-alkali soil.
2. The method for preventing the salt return of the saline-alkali soil by using the salt separation layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the ploughed soil is 50-70 cm.
3. The method for preventing salt return of saline-alkali soil by using the salt separation layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the iron tailings is not more than 1cm, the iron tailings are uniformly paved at the position removed from the soil, and the paving thickness is 5-10 cm.
4. The method for preventing salt return of saline-alkali soil by using the salt separation layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the straw is air-dried and crushed wheat straw, the crushed length is less than 5cm, the crushed straw is uniformly laid on the iron tailing salt separation layer, and the laying thickness of the straw layer is 15-20cm under the condition of not being compacted.
5. The method for preventing salt return in saline-alkali soil by using the salt separation layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biochar is commercially available wheat straw biochar or biochar obtained by pyrolyzing wheat straws at 400 ℃, and is uniformly laid on the straw layer with a thickness of 4-8 cm.
6. The method for preventing the salt return of the saline-alkali soil by using the salt-separating layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil layer at the upper part of the salt-separating layer is compacted after the saline-alkali soil is backfilled so as to ensure the stability and the safety of the soil structure.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114190130A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-18 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Artificial soil for treating saline-alkali soil and use method thereof |
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| CN114190130A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-18 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Artificial soil for treating saline-alkali soil and use method thereof |
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