CN112608498A - 一种防水聚酯母粒的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防水聚酯母粒的制备方法及其应用,包括如下步骤:(1)将部分氟化的哌嗪酰胺、二氧化钛和聚酰胺蜡充分混合均匀,获得第一混合粉体;(2)将聚酯粉体、季戊四醇和复合稳定剂加入步骤(1)所得的第一混合粉体中混合均匀,获得第二混合粉体;(3)将步骤(2)所得的第二混合粉体采用真空双螺杆挤出机熔融共混,然后进行造粒,制得所述防水聚酯母粒。本发明简单易行,设备普通,生产成本低,利于量化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料技术领域,具体涉及一种防水聚酯母粒的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
随着合成纤维及纺织产品不断向高性能、多功能方向发展,近年来,防水纤维及织物在缝合线、户外运动服装、装饰、汽车防护等领域得到了广泛发展。科学研究表明,纤维或织物要达到良好的防水效果,必须具备两个要素:一是纤维或织物表面本身必须拒水,其次纤维表面必须具有粗糙的微观结构。
现有技术中,赋予纤维或织物防水性能的方法是通过对纤维织物进行后整理,使防水剂吸附于纤维表面,并通过极性基团与纤维结合,使得纤维表面张力下降,从而赋予织物良好的拒水、拒油和防污性能,这种方法简单有效。近年来随着科技的发展,人们开始研究采用共聚改性或共混改性的方式制备防水纤维。常用的防水剂有聚氯乙烯、含氟聚氨酯、含氟聚酰亚胺、含氟乙烯、硅氧烷、聚氟季胺硅烷耦合剂等。CN102115543A公开的技术方案是将聚酯分别置于两种溶剂中进行溶解-析出处理制备出一种强疏水性聚酯。CN1034693563B公开了一种以含氟聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯为皮层,以PET为芯层材料的皮芯复合纤维的制备方法。CN104451938A公开的技术方案采用六氟环氧丙烷与双酚A反应制备得到含氟功能单体,进而制备得到抗污阻燃防水地聚酯母粒及纤维。CN111041585A公开的技术方案选用聚硅氧烷作为拒水母粒的功能成分,由此功能母粒生产的非织造布,测试沾水等级最高达4级。
但以上方法存在以下一种或多种技术问题:首先,所制得的产品防水耐久性较差,防水性能会随着织物的使用和洗涤而逐渐减弱甚至消失,而采用涂层方式,又严重影响了织物的透气性及穿着舒适性,更重要的是常用的C8氟系防水剂在合成和使用中会产生难降解的全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷基磺酸(PFOS),且后处理过程本身对环境破坏较大;其次,所制得的母粒仅适于短纤生产,而用于生产对可纺性要求更高的长纤存在较大困难;再次,防水剂添加量高,大大增加了生产成本,不利于产品量化推广。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术缺陷,提供一种防水聚酯母粒的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种防水聚酯纤维。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种防水聚酯母粒的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将部分氟化的哌嗪酰胺、二氧化钛和聚酰胺蜡充分混合均匀,获得第一混合粉体;
(2)将聚酯粉体、季戊四醇和复合稳定剂加入步骤(1)所得的第一混合粉体中混合均匀,获得第二混合粉体,该复合稳定剂由IRGAFOS 168和IRGANOX 1010组成;
IRGAFOS 168是化学名称为三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯的加工稳定剂,作为一种无色污、无色变的络合型稳定剂和抗氧剂而得以广泛应用;IRGANOX 1010的化学名称为四(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)苯丙酸季戊四醇酯,是一种高效、低色污的稳定剂,且具有良好的相容性;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的第二混合粉体采用真空双螺杆挤出机熔融共混,然后进行造粒,制得所述防水聚酯母粒。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述部分氟化的哌嗪酰胺中的结构式中的氟化碳原子的个数≤5。
进一步优选的,所述部分氟化的哌嗪酰胺中的结构式中的氟化碳原子的个数为4。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述二氧化钛的粒径为0.1-1.0μm。
进一步优选的,所述二氧化钛的粒径为0.2-0.4μm。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述聚酰胺蜡的粒度≤5μm。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述聚酯粉体由特性粘度为0.80dL/g的PET粉体和特性粘度为1.00dL/g的PBT粉体以30∶70-70∶30的质量比组成。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述复合稳定剂由IRGAFOS 168和IRGANOX1010以0.8-1.2∶0.8-1.2的质量比组成。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述真空双螺杆挤出机的螺杆的长径比为40∶1,螺杆加工温度为200-280℃,螺杆转速为200-600rpm。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述部分氟化的哌嗪酰胺、二氧化钛、聚酰胺蜡、聚酯粉体和复合稳定剂的质量比为5-30∶0-50∶5-15∶60-90∶0.1-0.5,且季戊四醇在所述第二混合粉体中的含量为200-400ppm。
本发明的另一技术方案如下:
一种防水聚酯纤维,其原料包括上述制备方法制备的防水聚酯母粒。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,该防水聚酯纤维的制备方法包括:取干燥后的所述防水聚酯母粒和聚酯切粒,按质量比10∶90混合均匀后进行熔融纺丝,并进行加捻加工。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明简单易行,设备普通,生产成本低,利于量化生产。
2、本发明制备的防水聚酯母粒具有优异的防水性能和优良的可纺性,可生产细长丝。
3、本发明的防水聚酯纤维及制成的织物既能保持原有的手感,又具有优良的防水防污性能,可反复洗涤使用,仍能保持防水功能,持久性佳,而且既使在高温高湿环境中沾水等级仍可达到4级以上。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行进一步的说明和描述。
下述实施例中,部分氟化的哌嗪酰胺中的结构式中的氟化碳原子的个数为4,复合稳定剂由IRGAFOS 168和IRGANOX 1010以1∶1的质量比组成,二氧化钛的粒径为0.2-0.4μm,聚酰胺蜡的粒度≤5μm,。
实施例1
(1)将20重量份部分氟化的哌嗪酰胺和5重量份聚酰胺蜡加入混合机中充分混合均匀,获得第一混合粉体;
(2)将74.8重量份聚酯粉体、200ppm季戊四醇和0.2重量份复合稳定剂加入步骤(1)所得的第一混合粉体中混合均匀,获得第二混合粉体;该聚酯粉体由特性粘度为0.80dL/g的PET粉体和特性粘度为1.00dL/g的PBT粉体以40∶60的质量比组成;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的第二混合粉体采用真空双螺杆挤出机熔融共混(真空双螺杆挤出机的螺杆的长径比为40∶1,螺杆加工温度为270℃,螺杆转速为400rpm),然后进行水中冷却切粒,制得所述防水聚酯母粒(粒径为3mm,长度为3mm,IV为0.80dL/g)。
将上述防水聚酯母粒干燥后与聚酯切粒按质量比10∶90混合均匀后进行熔融纺丝,并进行加捻加工,得到防水聚酯纤维。
实施例2
(1)将10重量份部分氟化的哌嗪酰胺、5重量份二氧化钛和5重量份聚酰胺蜡加入混合机中充分混合均匀,获得第一混合粉体;
(2)将79.8重量份聚酯粉体、200ppm季戊四醇和0.2重量份复合稳定剂加入步骤(1)所得的第一混合粉体中混合均匀,获得第二混合粉体;该聚酯粉体由特性粘度为0.80dL/g的PET粉体和特性粘度为1.00dL/g的PBT粉体以60∶40的质量比组成;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的第二混合粉体采用真空双螺杆挤出机熔融共混(真空双螺杆挤出机的螺杆的长径比为40∶1,螺杆加工温度为278℃,螺杆转速为400rpm),然后进行水中冷却切粒,制得所述防水聚酯母粒(粒径为3mm,长度为3mm,IV为0.75dL/g)。
将上述防水聚酯母粒干燥后与聚酯切粒按质量比10∶90混合均匀后进行熔融纺丝,并进行加捻加工,得到防水聚酯纤维。
实施例3
(1)将5重量份部分氟化的哌嗪酰胺、20重量份二氧化钛和10重量份聚酰胺蜡加入混合机中充分混合均匀,获得第一混合粉体;
(2)将64.5重量份聚酯粉体、200ppm季戊四醇和0.5重量份复合稳定剂加入步骤(1)所得的第一混合粉体中混合均匀,获得第二混合粉体;该聚酯粉体由特性粘度为0.80dL/g的PET粉体和特性粘度为1.00dL/g的PBT粉体以50∶50的质量比组成;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的第二混合粉体采用真空双螺杆挤出机熔融共混(真空双螺杆挤出机的螺杆的长径比为40∶1,螺杆加工温度为275℃,螺杆转速为300rpm),然后进行水中冷却切粒,制得所述防水聚酯母粒(粒径为3mm,长度为3mm,IV为0.78dL/g)。
将上述防水聚酯母粒干燥后与聚酯切粒按质量比10∶90混合均匀后进行熔融纺丝,并进行加捻加工,得到防水聚酯纤维。
实施例4
(1)将15重量份部分氟化的哌嗪酰胺、10重量份二氧化钛和10重量份聚酰胺蜡加入混合机中充分混合均匀,获得第一混合粉体;
(2)将64.5重量份聚酯粉体、200ppm季戊四醇和0.5重量份复合稳定剂加入步骤(1)所得的第一混合粉体中混合均匀,获得第二混合粉体;该聚酯粉体由特性粘度为0.80dL/g的PET粉体和特性粘度为1.00dL/g的PBT粉体以40∶60的质量比组成;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的第二混合粉体采用真空双螺杆挤出机熔融共混(真空双螺杆挤出机的螺杆的长径比为40∶1,螺杆加工温度为270℃,螺杆转速为300rpm),然后进行水中冷却切粒,制得所述防水聚酯母粒(粒径为3mm,长度为3mm,IV为0.79dL/g)。
将上述防水聚酯母粒干燥后与聚酯切粒按质量比10∶90混合均匀后进行熔融纺丝,并进行加捻加工,得到防水聚酯纤维。
以上实施例中制得的防水聚酯纤维的防水性能测试的样品制备方法如下:将制得的防水聚酯纤维加工成梭织样布,充分除油烘干后在190℃下定型2min.防水性能检测按照国家标准GB/T 4745-2012(纺织品防水性能的检测和评价·沾水法),分别测试25℃和50℃的温度下的防水性能,测试结果如表1所示:
表1.实施例1-4制备防水聚酯纤维织物的防水性能
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,故不能依此限定本发明实施的范围,即依本发明专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰,皆应仍属本发明涵盖的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种防水聚酯母粒的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)将部分氟化的哌嗪酰胺、二氧化钛和聚酰胺蜡充分混合均匀,获得第一混合粉体;
(2)将聚酯粉体、季戊四醇和复合稳定剂加入步骤(1)所得的第一混合粉体中混合均匀,获得第二混合粉体,该复合稳定剂由IRGAFOS 168和IRGANOX 1010组成;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的第二混合粉体采用真空双螺杆挤出机熔融共混,然后进行造粒,制得所述防水聚酯母粒。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述部分氟化的哌嗪酰胺中的结构式中的氟化碳原子的个数≤5。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述部分氟化的哌嗪酰胺中的结构式中的氟化碳原子的个数为4。
4.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述二氧化钛的粒径为0.1-1.0μm。
5.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述二氧化钛的粒径为0.2-0.4μm。
6.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述聚酯粉体由特性粘度为0.80dL/g的PET粉体和特性粘度为1.00dL/g的PBT粉体以30∶70-70∶30的质量比组成。
7.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述复合稳定剂由IRGAFOS 168和IRGANOX 1010以0.8-1.2∶0.8-1.2的质量比组成。
8.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述真空双螺杆挤出机的螺杆的长径比为40:1,螺杆加工温度为200-280℃,螺杆转速为200-600rpm。
9.如权利要求1至8中任一权利要求所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述部分氟化的哌嗪酰胺、二氧化钛、聚酰胺蜡、聚酯粉体和复合稳定剂的质量比为5-30∶0-50∶5-15∶60-90∶0.1-0.5,且季戊四醇在所述第二混合粉体中的含量为200-400ppm。
10.一种防水聚酯纤维,其特征在于:其原料包括权利要求1至9中任一权利要求所述的制备方法制备的防水聚酯母粒。
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