CN112602859A - 一种防控对虾肝胰腺坏死综合症饲料 - Google Patents
一种防控对虾肝胰腺坏死综合症饲料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防控对虾肝胰腺坏死综合症饲料，其关键技术特征是在完成筛分的对虾颗粒饲料或破碎饲料上喷洒具有抗副溶血弧菌的中草药益生菌发酵添加剂，该添加剂是将新鲜的茴香茎叶、洋葱球茎和辣椒粉碎，然后补充适量营养素用枯草芽孢杆菌和丁酸梭菌联合发酵而成。本发明产品能有效降低对虾的弧菌感染，达到防控对虾肝胰腺坏死综合症的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防控对虾肝胰腺坏死综合症饲料，属于水产饲料领域。
背景技术
对虾肝胰腺兼具消化和免疫功能，是对虾体内最大的消化腺和免疫器官，由中肠分化而来，开口于胃与中肠相连处，又称为中肠腺。已经研究证实对虾肝胰腺坏死综合症是由于感染副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)所致，组织病理学分析显示，在感染的早期，切片显微观察可见肝胰腺小管的上皮细胞脱落，肉眼可见活体肝胰腺肿大；在感染的后期，切片显微观察可见肝胰腺小管细胞的坏死以及溶血性渗透现象，肉眼可见肝胰腺萎缩。目前发病的对虾尚无药可治，死亡率100％，发病虾池的对虾死亡率在80％以上。
茴香(Foeniculum vulgare)，又名小茴香、谷茴香等，其茎叶和种子均可以作为香料也兼具药用，其浓烈的香气具有诱食效果，其所含的茴香油等成分能促进动物胃肠蠕动和消化液分泌，加速食物的消化，并且还具有护肝利胆、抗溃疡等药用功效。
洋葱(Allium cepa)，是一种常见的蔬菜和调味品，其所含的葱蒜辣素等成分，有浓郁的香气，可促进胃肠蠕动，刺激消化液分泌，增进食欲，对各类病原菌有很强的抑制和杀灭效果。
辣椒(Capsicum annuum)，又叫牛角椒、辣子等，也是一种常见的蔬菜和调味品，其所含的辣椒酊有促进食欲、改善消化的作用，还具有抗菌消炎的效果，但过多摄食反而会刺激胃肠道黏膜，诱发胃肠炎。
枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)，是一种专性需氧的芽孢杆菌，可利用蛋白质和糖类为营养实现自身的生长繁殖，增殖过程中生成蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶等多种消化酶类，可与动物体内的消化酶类一同发挥作用。增殖过程中还会产生枯草菌素、多粘菌素、制霉菌素、短杆菌肽等活性物质，对各类致病菌或内源性感染的条件致病菌有明显的抑制和杀灭作用。
丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum)是一种专性厌氧的芽孢杆菌，同样可利用蛋白质和多种糖类为营养进行繁殖，增殖过程中会产生蛋白酶、淀粉酶和糖苷酶等多种消化酶类，代谢产物有助于上皮组织细胞的再生和修复，能促进双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌等有益菌群的增殖和发育，抑制有害菌的生长繁殖。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于研发一种防控对虾肝胰腺坏死综合症饲料，用以解决现有技术中对对虾的肝胰腺坏死综合症效果不明显的技术问题。
为了实现该目的，本发明提供了一种防控对虾肝胰腺坏死综合症饲料包括：对虾饲料、抗弧菌添加剂。
进一步地，所述抗弧菌添加剂的制备过程为：将新鲜的茴香茎叶、洋葱球茎和辣椒按照5:4:1的重量比，粉碎榨汁，每千克分别添加蛋白胨15g、牛肉膏0.5g、蔗糖20g和氯化钠5g，混合均匀后巴氏灭菌，向冷却至室温的混合汁液中至少添加枯草芽孢杆菌和丁酸梭菌菌种各108CUF/L，混合均匀并充入纯氧使溶解氧达到饱和状态，在25℃～40℃条件下密封发酵96h。
进一步地，所述抗弧菌添加剂按照1％～2％的添加量均匀喷洒到完成筛分的对虾颗粒饲料或对虾破碎饲料上，然后40℃条件下烘干打包。
本发明饲料制备简单方便，能有效降低对虾的弧菌感染，达到防控对虾肝胰腺坏死综合症的目的。
具体实施方式
为使本发明目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述：
实施例：
1、抗弧菌添加剂制备为将新鲜的茴香茎叶、洋葱球茎和辣椒按照5:4:1的重量比，粉碎榨汁，每kg分别添加蛋白胨15g、牛肉膏0.5g、蔗糖20g和氯化钠5g，混合均匀后巴氏灭菌。向冷却至室温的混合汁液中添加枯草芽孢杆菌和丁酸梭菌菌种各108CUF/L以上，混合均匀并充入纯氧使溶解氧达到饱和状态，在25℃～40℃条件下遮光密封发酵96h。
2、所述的防控对虾肝胰腺坏死综合症饲料制备为将发酵完成的产品过滤液按照1％～2％的添加量均匀喷洒到完成筛分的颗粒饲料或破碎饲料上，然后在40℃条件下烘干打包。
为了解本发明制备的饲料添加剂的诱食和抗弧菌感染效果，制备含0％、1％和2％添加剂的饲料，分别投喂斑节对虾进行对比实验，具体做法如下：在9个装有100L盐度20海水的聚乙烯水槽中各放养20尾健康无伤残、平均体重约2.5g的斑节对虾，随机分为3组，每组3个重复，分别投喂上述3种饲料饲养3d后，向9个容器中接种副溶血弧菌，密度均为1×105CUF/mL，然后每天继续投喂上述3种饲料，接种弧菌48h后从各水槽中捞取全部对虾解剖、肉眼观察并记录肝胰腺病变情况，然后将肝胰腺在灭菌海水中匀浆，涂TCBS平板，检测投喂3种饲料对虾肝胰腺中弧菌的数量，具体结果见表1。
表1
由以上结果可知，本发明饲料可降低对虾的弧菌感染，能有效防控对虾肝胰腺坏死综合症。
虽然描述了本发明的实施例，但是本领域技术人员可以在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下作出各种修改和变型，这样的修改和变型均落入由所附权利要求所限定的范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种防控对虾肝胰腺坏死综合症饲料，其特征在于，包括：对虾饲料、抗弧菌添加剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的防控对虾肝胰腺坏死综合症饲料，其特征在于，所述抗弧菌添加剂的制备过程为：将新鲜的茴香茎叶、洋葱球茎和辣椒按照5:4:1的重量比，粉碎榨汁，每千克分别添加蛋白胨15g、牛肉膏0.5g、蔗糖20g和氯化钠5g，混合均匀后巴氏灭菌，向冷却至室温的混合汁液中至少添加枯草芽孢杆菌和丁酸梭菌菌种各108CUF/L，混合均匀并充入纯氧使溶解氧达到饱和状态，在25℃～40℃条件下密封发酵96h。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的防控对虾肝胰腺坏死综合症饲料，其特征在于，所述抗弧菌添加剂按照1％～2％的添加量均匀喷洒到完成筛分的对虾颗粒饲料或对虾破碎饲料上，然后40℃条件下烘干打包。
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