CN112602399B - Method for breaking watermelon seed dormancy and watermelon seed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for breaking dormancy of watermelon seeds, which is used for carrying out dry heat treatment on the watermelon seeds in the dormancy stage to obtain the watermelon seeds. According to the method, the watermelon seeds in the dormancy stage are subjected to dry heat treatment, so that the dormancy of the wild watermelon seeds can be broken, and the germination rate and the germination potential of the seeds are improved. The results of the examples show that the average germination potential of the watermelon seeds obtained by the method can reach 88.00%, and the average germination rate can reach 94.25%.

Description

Method for breaking watermelon seed dormancy and watermelon seed

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant grafting cultivation, in particular to a method for breaking watermelon seed dormancy and a watermelon seed.

Background

Seed dormancy refers to the state or phenomenon of viable seeds under suitable germination conditions without germination. Seed dormancy is very common in plants and is a strategy for adapting to stress and protecting species from being continued during long-term phylogeny of plants. With the continuous enlargement of the cultivation area of the facility watermelon, the watermelon blight is serious due to continuous cropping obstacles, and grafting cultivation is one of effective measures for overcoming the continuous cropping obstacles and preventing the blight. The wild watermelon is widely applied to grafting cultivation because of high blight resistance and no influence on watermelon quality after grafting, but wild watermelon stock seeds have the problems of dormancy, hard and thick seed coat and difficult water absorption, poor seed germination or irregular germination and the like in production, so that the stock seed usage amount is large, the watermelon scion sowing period is difficult to master, and the grafting operation is influenced. Therefore, the dormancy of the wild watermelon seeds is broken, the germination rate and the germination vigor of the seeds are improved, and the key effect is realized on the large-area application of the wild watermelon stocks on the grafted watermelon.

Compared with other seed disinfection treatment technologies, the dry heat treatment can more thoroughly remove pathogenic bacteria carried inside and outside the seeds and passivate viruses, and is widely applied to disinfection treatment of melon seeds such as watermelon, rootstocks and the like in recent years, and the dry heat treatment has the main effect of killing quarantine seed-borne diseases on the seeds, namely cucumber green mottle mosaic virus diseases. However, dry heat treatment has not been reported as a method for breaking dormancy of wild watermelon seeds.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for breaking watermelon seed dormancy and a watermelon seed. The method for breaking the watermelon seed dormancy provided by the invention can break the wild watermelon seed dormancy, improve the germination rate and the germination vigor of the seeds, and play a key role in large-area application of the wild watermelon rootstock on the grafted watermelon.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides a method for breaking dormancy of watermelon seeds, which comprises the step of carrying out dry heat treatment on the watermelon seeds in the dormancy stage to obtain the watermelon seeds.

Preferably, the heat treatment comprises:

the first stage, processing watermelon seeds in a dormancy stage for 24-30 h at 30-35 ℃;

in the second stage, the watermelon seeds treated in the first stage are treated for 24-30 hours at 50-55 ℃;

and in the third stage, treating the watermelon seeds treated in the second stage at 70-72 ℃ for 72-80 h.

Preferably, the heat treatment comprises:

the first stage, watermelon seeds in the dormancy stage are treated for 24 hours at 35 ℃;

in the second stage, the watermelon seeds treated in the first stage are treated for 24 hours at 50 ℃;

and in the third stage, treating the watermelon seeds treated in the second stage at 72 ℃ for 72 h.

Preferably, the heat treatment further comprises naturally cooling the watermelon seeds to room temperature and placing the watermelon seeds.

Preferably, the room temperature standing time is 7-10 days.

Preferably, the watermelon seeds are full-grained and undamaged wild watermelon seeds.

Preferably, the dry heat treatment is a korean Koencon seed dry heat processor, model No. KDHT-2100L.

The invention also provides the watermelon seeds obtained by the method for breaking the dormancy of the watermelon seeds in the technical scheme, wherein the average germination potential of the watermelon seeds is 88.00%, and the average germination rate is 94.25%.

The invention provides a method for breaking dormancy of watermelon seeds, which comprises the step of carrying out dry heat treatment on the watermelon seeds in the dormancy stage to obtain the watermelon seeds. According to the method, the watermelon seeds in the dormancy stage are subjected to dry heat treatment, so that the dormancy of the wild watermelon seeds can be broken, the germination rate and the germination potential of the seeds are improved, and a key effect is played on the large-area application of the wild watermelon stocks on the grafted watermelons.

The results of the examples show that the average germination potential of the watermelon seeds obtained by the method of the present invention is 88.00%, and the average germination rate is 94.25%.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a method for breaking dormancy of watermelon seeds, which comprises the step of carrying out dry heat treatment on the watermelon seeds in the dormancy stage to obtain the watermelon seeds.

In the invention, the watermelon seeds are preferably full-grain and undamaged wild watermelon seeds.

In the present invention, the dry heat treatment comprises: in the first stage, preferably, watermelon seeds in a dormancy stage are treated for 24-30 h at 30-35 ℃, and more preferably for 24h at 35 ℃; in the second stage, preferably, the watermelon seeds treated in the first stage are treated at 50-55 ℃ for 24-30 h, and more preferably at 50 ℃ for 24 h; in the third stage, the watermelon seeds treated in the second stage are preferably treated at 70-72 ℃ for 72-80 h, and more preferably at 72 ℃ for 72 h.

The invention carries out the first stage treatment on the watermelon seeds in the dormancy stage, and aims to reduce the water content of the watermelon seeds and minimize the influence on the vitality of the seeds when the high-temperature treatment is carried out in the third stage.

The invention carries out the second stage treatment on the watermelon seeds in the dormancy stage, and aims to gradually increase the temperature to reduce the water content of the watermelon seeds to be lower and minimize the influence on the vitality of the seeds in the high-temperature treatment process in the third stage.

The invention carries out the third stage treatment on the watermelon seeds in the dormancy stage, and aims to break the dormancy of the wild watermelon seeds so as to improve the germination rate of the seeds.

In the present invention, the dry heat treatment apparatus is preferably a Koencon seed dry heat processor of Koencon, model No. KDHT-2100L.

In the present invention, the heat treatment preferably comprises naturally cooling the watermelon seeds to room temperature, so as to increase the water content of the watermelon seeds and restore the water content to the level before the dry heat treatment, thereby improving the germination rate of the watermelon seeds.

In the invention, the standing time is preferably 7-10 days, and more preferably 7 days.

The invention also provides the watermelon seeds obtained by the method for breaking the dormancy of the watermelon seeds in the technical scheme, wherein the average germination potential of the watermelon seeds is 88.00%, and the average germination rate is 94.25%.

The method for breaking the dormancy of watermelon seeds and a watermelon seed provided by the invention are described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Example 1

Selecting full-grain and undamaged wild watermelon seeds, putting the wild watermelon seeds in a Koencon seed dry heat processor with the model of KDHT-2100L, and treating the watermelon seeds in a dormancy stage at 35 ℃ for 24 hours in a first stage; in the second stage, the watermelon seeds treated in the first stage are treated for 24 hours at 50 ℃; and in the third stage, the watermelon seeds treated in the second stage are treated for 72 hours at 72 ℃, and the watermelon seeds treated in the third stage are naturally cooled to room temperature and are placed for 7 days.

Example 2

Selecting full-grain and undamaged wild watermelon seeds, putting the wild watermelon seeds in a Koencon seed dry heat processor with the model of KDHT-2100L, and treating the watermelon seeds in a dormancy stage at 30 ℃ for 30 hours in a first stage; in the second stage, the watermelon seeds treated in the first stage are treated for 30 hours at 55 ℃; and in the third stage, the watermelon seeds treated in the second stage are treated at 70 ℃ for 80h, and the watermelon seeds treated in the third stage are naturally cooled to room temperature and are placed for 9 days.

Example 3

Selecting full-grain and undamaged wild watermelon seeds, putting the wild watermelon seeds in a Koencon seed dry heat processor with the model of KDHT-2100L, and treating the watermelon seeds in a dormancy stage at 32 ℃ for 25h in a first stage; in the second stage, the watermelon seeds treated in the first stage are treated for 25 hours at 52 ℃; and in the third stage, the watermelon seeds treated in the second stage are treated at 71 ℃ for 75h, and the watermelon seeds treated in the third stage are naturally cooled to room temperature and are placed for 8 days.

Example 4

Selecting full-grain and non-damaged wild watermelon seeds, putting the wild watermelon seeds in a Koencon seed dry heat processor of KDHT-2100L, and treating the watermelon seeds in a dormancy stage at 33 ℃ for 28 hours in a first stage; in the second stage, the watermelon seeds treated in the first stage are treated for 28 hours at 53 ℃; and in the third stage, the watermelon seeds treated in the second stage are treated at 72 ℃ for 77h, and the watermelon seeds treated in the third stage are naturally cooled to room temperature and are placed for 10 days.

Example 5

Selecting full-grain and non-damaged wild watermelon seeds, putting the wild watermelon seeds in a Koencon seed dry heat processor of KDHT-2100L, and treating the watermelon seeds in a dormancy stage at 34 ℃ for 29 hours in a first stage; in the second stage, the watermelon seeds treated in the first stage are treated for 26 hours at 54 ℃; and in the third stage, the watermelon seeds treated in the second stage are treated at 70 ℃ for 76h, and the watermelon seeds treated in the third stage are naturally cooled to room temperature and are placed for 9 days.

Comparative example 1

Selecting full-grain and undamaged wild watermelon seeds, and naturally germinating the wild watermelon seeds without any treatment.

Comparative example 2

Selecting full-grain and undamaged wild watermelon seeds, treating the wild watermelon seeds in a Koencon seed dry heat processor of KDHT-2100L at 35 ℃ for 24h in a dormant period, naturally cooling the treated watermelon seeds to room temperature, and standing for 7 days.

Comparative example 3

Selecting full-grain and undamaged wild watermelon seeds, putting the wild watermelon seeds in a Koencon seed dry heat processor with the model of KDHT-2100L, and treating the watermelon seeds in a dormancy stage at 35 ℃ for 24 hours in a first stage; and in the second stage, the watermelon seeds treated in the first stage are treated at 50 ℃ for 24 hours, and the watermelon seeds treated in the second stage are naturally cooled to room temperature and are placed for 7 days.

Comparative example 4

Selecting full-grain and undamaged wild watermelon seeds, putting the wild watermelon seeds into a Koencon seed dry heat processor of KDHT-2100L, processing the watermelon seeds in the dormancy stage at 50 ℃ for 120h, naturally cooling to room temperature, and standing for 7 days.

Comparative example 5

Selecting full-grain and undamaged wild watermelon seeds, putting the wild watermelon seeds in a Koencon seed dry heat processor with the model of KDHT-2100L, and treating the watermelon seeds in a dormancy stage at 35 ℃ for 12 hours in a first stage; in the second stage, the watermelon seeds treated in the first stage are treated for 12 hours at 50 ℃; and in the third stage, the watermelon seeds treated in the second stage are treated at 72 ℃ for 12 hours, and the watermelon seeds treated in the third stage are naturally cooled to room temperature and are placed for 7 days.

The watermelon seeds obtained in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-5 were soaked in clear water for 6 hours, and then put into a constant temperature incubator at 28 ℃ for germination acceleration, and the germination conditions were measured by a moisture absorption culture method, and the germination number was recorded, and the germination rate was counted 2d and 7d, and the results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

	Average germination potential/%)	Average germination percentage/%
			Example 1	88.00	94.25
Example 2	87.00	93.15
			Example 3	87.50	94.01
Example 4	86.75	93.65
			Example 5	85.90	92.75
Comparative example 1	13.25	24.00
			Comparative example 2	15.35	23.80
Comparative example 3	18.75	25.65
			Comparative example 4	33.85	45.20
Comparative example 5	45.55	65.45

The method can be obtained from comparative examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-5, the germination vigor and the germination rate of the wild watermelon seeds can be obviously improved after the wild watermelon seeds are subjected to dry heat treatment, the average germination vigor of the wild watermelon seeds is improved from 13.25% to 88.00%, and the average germination rate is improved from 24.00% to 94.25%.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A method for breaking dormancy of watermelon seeds is characterized by comprising the steps of carrying out dry heat treatment on the watermelon seeds in a dormancy stage to obtain the watermelon seeds;

the heat treatment comprises:

in the first stage, watermelon seeds in a dormancy stage are treated for 24-30 hours at the temperature of 30-35 ℃;

in the second stage, the watermelon seeds treated in the first stage are treated for 24-30 hours at 50-55 ℃;

in the third stage, the watermelon seeds treated in the second stage are treated at 70-72 ℃ for 72-80 h;

the watermelon seeds are full-grained and undamaged wild watermelon seeds;

naturally cooling the watermelon seeds to room temperature and placing after the heat treatment;

the standing time at room temperature is 7-10 days;

the dry heat treatment was a Koencon seed dry heat treater of Koencon type KDHT-2100L.

2. The method for breaking dormancy of watermelon seeds according to claim 1, wherein said heat treatment comprises:

the first stage, watermelon seeds in the dormancy stage are treated for 24 hours at 35 ℃;

in the second stage, the watermelon seeds treated in the first stage are treated for 24 hours at 50 ℃;

and in the third stage, treating the watermelon seeds treated in the second stage at 72 ℃ for 72 h.