CN112601682A - 具有至少一个制动回路的线控制动系统、制动系统的运行方法及用于这种制动系统的诊断阀 - Google Patents

具有至少一个制动回路的线控制动系统、制动系统的运行方法及用于这种制动系统的诊断阀 Download PDF

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CN112601682A
CN112601682A CN201980051070.0A CN201980051070A CN112601682A CN 112601682 A CN112601682 A CN 112601682A CN 201980051070 A CN201980051070 A CN 201980051070A CN 112601682 A CN112601682 A CN 112601682A
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valve
brake
diagnostic
master cylinder
throttle
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CN112601682B (zh
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R·布里塞维茨
J·多尔玛雅
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Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH
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    • B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
    • B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
    • B60T17/22—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices
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    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
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    • B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
    • B60T8/4072—Systems in which a driver input signal is used as a control signal for the additional fluid circuit which is normally used for braking
    • B60T8/4081—Systems with stroke simulating devices for driver input
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    • B60T8/88—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means
    • B60T8/90—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means using a simulated speed signal to test speed responsive control means
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/58—Combined or convertible systems
    • B60T13/62—Combined or convertible systems both straight and automatic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
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Abstract

为了检查线控制动系统的功能性/密封性，操纵电动运行的制动压力发生器(4)。在此，压力介质经由制动主缸(1)流出到储备容器(2)中。因此，在制动主缸(1)和储备容器(2)之间设置诊断阀(3)，该诊断阀由止回阀(20)和与该止回阀并联的节流部(21)组成。压力介质流出受节流部(21)限制。由于可计算压力降低的梯度，可将测得的压力增加与预期的比较，并且可从该比较确定功能性/密封性。

Description

具有至少一个制动回路的线控制动系统、制动系统的运行方 法及用于这种制动系统的诊断阀
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有至少一个制动回路的线控制动系统，该线控制动系统具有：由踏板操纵的制动主缸，制动回路通过常开(断电时打开)的分离阀液压连接到该制动主缸；可电动操纵的制动压力发生器，制动回路通过常闭(断电时关闭)的制动阀连接到该制动压力发生器；以及储备容器，储备容器不仅连接到制动主缸而且通过抽吸阀连接到制动压力发生器。
背景技术
例如，从专利文献DE 10 2013 216 314 A1中已知这种类型的制动系统。在踏板操纵制动主缸时，常开的分离阀关闭并且制动压力发生器的常闭的阀打开，其中，测量由驾驶员施加到制动主缸上的压力。相应于驾驶员选择的在制动主缸中的压力，通过电机操纵制动压力发生器并且因此在连接到制动回路上的车轮制动器中构建制动压力。可对于各车轮单独地通过输入阀和输出阀调节制动压力。为了降低在车轮制动器中的压力，关闭相应的输入阀并且打开相关的输出阀，从而压力介质从车轮制动器中流出到储备容器中。为了重新增压，再次打开输入阀并且将压力介质从制动压力发生器经由打开的制动阀引导到相应的车轮制动器中。
为了不耗尽在制动压力发生器中的压力介质储备，设置再填充过程。为此，制动阀关闭并且制动压力发生器的体积增大，其中，经由止回阀从储备容器中吸出压力介质。
由于制动主缸与制动回路液压连接并且分离阀的基础状态是常开的，在制动系统的电供给失效时以传统的方式将踏板压力传递到车轮制动器。
为了检查制动系统的密封性而设置诊断步骤，包括操纵制动压力发生器，其中，记录在制动压力发生器中并且必要时在连接的制动回路中是否构建并保持压力。
然而，为了进行全面的密封性检查，必要的是，断开储备容器与制动主缸的连接。至今为止，相似的制动系统设置成，为此在该连接中使用所谓的可电磁操纵的诊断阀。然而，该附加的阀要求结构空间并且必须分开地电操控。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，实现一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的制动系统，在其中，以低的附加的阀成本进行密封性检查。
为了实现该目的，本发明规定，在储备容器和制动主缸之间的连接中设有诊断阀，该诊断阀由朝向储备容器闭塞的止回阀和与该止回阀并联的节流部组成。
这种阀允许在制动操作之后，即，当再次松开制动踏板时，压力介质可从储备容器中经由以充分的程度打开的止回阀流回制动主缸中。
然而也可实现诊断。即，如果在诊断模式中操纵制动压力发生器，则压力介质仍可经由节流部流出。但是节流部的横截面被选择成使得该流出相对缓慢地进行，从而当制动压力减小的梯度相应于所选择的节流横截面时，可认为制动系统功能正常。
为了得到可靠的结论，必须选择相对窄的节流横截面，该节流横截面不适合用于从储备容器中吸出压力介质。因此，节流部与止回阀并联，无论如何，止回阀的打开横截面都大于节流部的打开横截面。
这种诊断阀的优点在于，其仅仅液压地工作，不需要任何电子机械的操控。
优选地，诊断阀容纳在用于容纳储备容器的接管的联接孔中。该联接孔位于制动主缸的壁中。
止回阀(如通常那样)具有阀关闭体，在这种情况中，阀关闭体构造成具有贯通的(连续的)通道的空心体，其中，通道的最窄横截面形成节流部并且提供节流作用。
为了在踏板操纵时不仅在制动主缸中构建用作用于操控制动压力发生器的调节参数的压力而且出现相应于传统制动的踏板位移移动，设置连接到制动主缸上的制动位移模拟器。
此外，本发明涉及一种用于检查根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的制动系统的功能性的诊断方法，其特征在于，为了诊断，打开制动阀，关闭分离阀，并且操纵制动压力发生器以构建初始压力，使得压力介质通过制动阀、制动回路、分离阀和制动主缸经由诊断阀节流地流出到储备容器中。
随后，由于节流作用，实现初始压力的压力降低，该压力降低应具有可根据节流横截面确定的梯度。如果它与期望值没有偏差，这可解读成制动系统的功能正常/密封良好。
此外，本发明涉及一种诊断阀，该诊断阀由止回阀和节流部组成。该阀由阀壳体组成，阀壳体具有阀通过部，阀通过部具有密封座和阀关闭体，阀关闭体可密封地贴靠到阀座上。
在此，阀关闭体具有贯通的通道，该通道具有变窄的节流横截面，其中，该通道通入阀通过部中。
优选地，阀壳体由套管组成，该套管具有中间基部，阀通过部位于该中间基部中。
优选地，阀关闭体是圆筒形的体部，该体部终止于圆顶形的头部中，其中，节流横截面位于圆顶的顶点中。
在阀通过部的具有密封座的那侧之前，存在用于保持和引导阀关闭体的保持体。在此，保持体为旋转对称的体部，该体部靠到套管的壁上并且具有圆筒形的突出部，阀关闭体在该突出部中被引导。
壳体可容纳在套筒中，该套筒被插入容纳孔中。
过滤器位于背离密封侧的阀通过部之前。
附图说明
接下来根据实施例详细说明本发明。附图中：
图1示出了用于根据本发明的制动系统的液压回路图；
图2示出了经过诊断阀的一实施例的横截面。
具体实施方式
制动系统包括制动主缸1，制动主缸的活塞可由踏板操纵。储备容器2连接到制动主缸，其中，在储备容器2和制动主缸1之间的连接中存在诊断阀3，该诊断阀的结构将在下文详细说明。
此外，制动系统具有电动驱动的制动压力发生器4。制动压力发生器具有存储腔5、界定存储腔5的活塞6和用于驱动活塞的驱动电机7。
不仅制动主缸1而且制动压力发生器4连接到准双回路的制动回路10。制动回路分支成四个分支管路，每个车轮制动器分别连接到相应分支管路上。在此，用于前轮制动器的分支管路和用于后轮制动器的分支管路通过分隔阀11彼此分离。
制动压力发生器4借助于制动阀12连接到制动回路，制动主缸借助于分离阀13连接到制动回路。分隔阀11、制动阀12和分离阀13均为可电子机械操纵的阀，其中，分隔阀11和分离阀13是常开的，制动阀12是常闭的。
在分支管路中或上，分别存在输入阀和输出阀。输入阀是常开的，并且建立相应的车轮制动器与制动回路10之间的连接；而输出阀是常闭的，并且建立相应的车轮制动器与储备容器2之间的连接。
此外，设置踏板位移模拟器15，踏板位移模拟器通过模拟器阀16连接到制动主缸1。模拟器阀16同样被电磁操纵，并且在其未通电的状态中关闭。
在操纵踏板2时，制动阀12打开，分离阀13关闭并且模拟器阀16打开。由此，压力介质从制动主缸1中被挤压到踏板位移模拟器中，并且相应于安装在踏板位移模拟器15中的弹簧在踏板上产生背压/反作用压力，这赋予驾驶员传统的制动踏板感觉。
测量在制动主缸1中产生的压力并且将其用作调节参数，以控制制动压力发生器4的操纵。
在车轮制动器中如下进行压力调节，即，在该车轮制动器中以已知的方式打开和关闭输入和输出阀。此时，制动压力发生器4的体积可能耗尽。因此，在制动操纵时设置如下阶段，在该阶段中，增大制动压力发生器4的存储腔5的体积，使得压力介质经由抽吸阀19从储备容器2中引入存储腔5中。
然而对于本发明来说重要的是诊断阀3，诊断阀由朝向储备容器2闭塞的止回阀20和与该止回阀并联的节流部21组成。
为了诊断制动压力，使制动阀12保持关闭。随后，操纵制动压力发生器4，但是因为制动压力发生器的存储腔5液压地关闭，这导致压力增大。如果压力保持恒定，这意味着不存在泄漏。
但是，以这种方式，仅仅能检查制动压力发生器4自身，但是不能检查制动回路10或与其连接的制动主缸1的密封性。为此，必须打开制动阀12，并且分离阀13保持打开。然而，随后在操纵制动压力发生器时，压力介质可经由制动回路和未被操纵的制动主缸流出到储备容器中。根据本发明，这通过具有闭塞作用的止回阀20并且在一定程度上通过节流部21来防止。
但是，节流横截面决定了压力下降的梯度，从而通过相应的压力测量可检查该梯度是否与预期的一致。如果一致，这可解读成系统的密封性良好。
在图2中以截面图示出了适合用于该目的的诊断阀3。图2示出了制动主缸1的壁，其具有容纳孔，容纳孔的底部与制动主缸1的腔相连接并且在其通入部中存在空心塞子30，储备容器2的接管插入该空心塞子中。在空心塞子30之下存在套管形的套筒33，在套筒中存在阀壳体34。阀壳体由套管组成，套管具有中间基部35，在中间基部中存在阀通过部(阀通路)36。
在面对容纳孔底部的侧上，阀通过部36具有密封座37。在该密封座之前，存在筒体形状的阀关闭体38，筒体过渡到圆顶形的罩中，该罩可贴靠到密封座37上。在筒体的端侧之间，一通道在筒体的轴线上伸延。
在罩中存在通道的横截面变窄部39，该横截面变窄部形成诊断阀3的节流部21。
阀关闭体38在由板材或塑料制成的旋转对称的空心体40中被保持和引导。空心体具有横截面较大的区域，该区域被压入阀壳体34的套管中并且卡紧地被保持在该处。阀关闭体38在直径较小的区段中被引导。在中间基部35的背离密封座37的侧上存在过滤体41，该过滤体具有覆盖阀通过部36的过滤器。
阀壳体34被插入套筒33中并且被填堵在或旋拧在该处。于是，可将具有阀的套筒33插入制动主缸1的联接孔中，并且被螺接、压接、铆接于该处或以其它方式固定在该处。但是，也可设想的是，省去套筒33，并且将阀壳体34直接插入联接孔中。
附图标记列表
1制动主缸 21节流部
2储备容器 30空心塞子
3诊断阀 33套筒
4制动压力发生器 34阀壳体
5存储腔 35中间基部
6活塞 36阀通过部
7驱动电机 37密封座
10制动回路 38阀关闭体
11分隔阀 39横截面变窄部
12制动阀 40空心体
13分离阀 41过滤器体
15踏板位移模拟器
16模拟器阀
19抽吸阀
20止回阀

Claims (10)

1.一种具有至少一个制动回路(10)的线控制动系统，所述线控制动系统具有：由踏板操纵的制动主缸(1)，制动回路(10)经由常开的分离阀(13)液压连接到该制动主缸；可电动操纵的制动压力发生器(4)，制动回路(10)经由常闭的制动阀(12)连接到该制动压力发生器；以及储备容器(2)，该储备容器不仅连接到制动主缸(1)而且经由抽吸阀(19)连接到制动压力发生器(4)，其特征在于，在储备容器(2)和制动主缸(1)之间的连接中设有诊断阀(3)，该诊断阀由朝向储备容器(2)闭塞的止回阀(20)和与该止回阀并联的节流部(21)组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制动系统，其特征在于，所述诊断阀(3)容纳在用于容纳储备容器(2)的接管的联接孔中，所述联接孔位于制动主缸(1)的壁中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制动系统，其特征在于，所述止回阀(20)具有阀关闭体(38)，所述阀关闭体构造成具有贯通的通道的空心体(40)，其中，所述通道的最窄横截面形成所述节流部(21)并提供节流作用。
4.一种用于检查根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的制动系统的功能性的诊断方法，其特征在于，为了诊断，打开制动阀(12)，关闭分离阀(13)，并且操纵制动压力发生器(4)以构建初始压力，使得压力介质经由制动阀(12)、制动回路(10)、分离阀(13)和制动主缸(1)以经由诊断阀(3)节流的方式流出到储备容器(2)中。
5.根据权利要求4所述诊断方法，其特征在于，确定所述初始压力的压力下降的梯度。
6.一种诊断阀(3)，所述诊断阀由止回阀(20)和节流部(21)组成，其特征在于，所述诊断阀包括阀壳体(34)，该阀壳体具有阀通过部(36)，该阀通过部具有密封座(37)和阀关闭体(38)，该阀关闭体能密封地贴靠到该密封座(37)上，其中，所述阀关闭体(38)具有贯通的通道，该通道具有变窄的节流横截面(39)，并且该通道通入所述阀通过部中。
7.根据权利要求6所述的诊断阀(3)，其特征在于，所述阀关闭体(38)是圆筒形的体部，所述体部终止于圆顶形的头部中，其中，所述节流横截面位于圆顶的顶点中。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的诊断阀(3)，其特征在于，在所述阀通过部(36)的具有所述密封座(37)的那侧之前，存在用于保持和引导阀关闭体(38)的保持体。
9.根据权利要求8所述的诊断阀(3)，其特征在于，所述保持体为旋转对称的空心体(40)，该空心体靠到套管的壁上并且具有圆筒形的突出部，所述阀关闭体在所述突出部中被引导。
10.根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的诊断阀(3)，其特征在于，所述阀壳体(34)容纳在套筒(33)中，所述套筒被插入容纳孔中。
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