CN112592845B - 一株广谱抗真菌高地芽胞杆菌zky02及其应用 - Google Patents
一株广谱抗真菌高地芽胞杆菌zky02及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一株广谱抗真菌高地芽胞杆菌ZKY02及其应用。该菌株已于2019年12月2日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心(GDMCC),地址:广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼;保藏号为GDMCC NO:60910。本发明所述的高地芽胞杆菌ZKY02在制备防治植物病原菌的制剂中的应用。能够对多种植物病原真菌具有较好的平板拮抗活性,尤其对各种镰刀菌引起的土传维管束病害具有很好的拮抗能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物农药、抗病微生物肥料领域,涉及一株广谱抗真菌高地芽胞杆菌ZKY02及其应用。
背景技术
镰刀菌引起的土传病害维管束病害是农业生产中最重要的病害之一,严重影响了农业的健康发展。其中尖孢镰刀菌有超过120个寄主型,每个寄主型又分为若干个生理小种,有些生理小种还存在地理菌株的差异。病原真菌致病性和遗传特性的多样性,给防控带来了巨大的困难。以香蕉枯萎病为例,该病由尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型(Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.cubense)所致,有3个生理小种,其中在我国危害香蕉种植的有1号和4号生理小种。4号生理小种又分为热带4号生理小种和亚热带4号生理小种,热带4号生理小种几乎在全球所有的香蕉种植区都有分布,是我国香蕉种植最为严重的病害,每年造成的经济损失约20亿人民币。
香蕉枯萎病的生物防治一直受到全世界的关注,可以用于香蕉枯萎病生物防治的生防因子包括假单胞菌、木霉、芽胞杆菌、非致病性镰刀菌等,芽胞杆菌是一种广泛分布于各种不同生活环境中的革兰氏阳性细菌,可以产生内生芽胞,在土壤和植物的表面普遍存在,同时还是植物体内常见的一种内生菌,对人畜无害,不污染环境。它生长速度快、营养需求简单,在植物的表面易于存活、定殖和与繁殖,而且生产枯草芽胞杆菌制剂的工艺简单,制剂稳定,施用方面,存储期长,是一种理想的生防微生物。
国际上针对香蕉枯萎病的生物防治开展了大量的工作,筛选出大量的生防因子,主要集中在假单胞菌、木霉、芽胞杆菌等类型,其中芽胞杆菌中已报道的具有生防效果的菌种包括枯草芽胞杆菌、解淀粉芽胞杆菌等,尚未见高地芽胞杆菌用于香蕉枯萎病防控的研究报道。
近年花生果实腐烂病在我国各花生产区发病严重,影响了花生产业的健康发展。根据国家花生产业体系的报道,引起花生果实腐烂的病原菌包括茄病镰刀菌Fusariumsolani、齐整小核菌Sclerotium rolfsii、结群腐霉Pythium myriotylum、立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani以及新发病害花生侵脉新赤壳菌Neocosmospora vasinfecta。本研究团队在广东韶关和云浮罹患腐烂病的花生果实上分离获得4株形态有差异的病原真菌,并通过室内回接确定这4株菌都可以引起花生果实腐烂,通过ITS鉴定确定这4株菌为镰刀菌属真菌。以这4株病原真菌作为靶标筛选生防菌,用于花生果实腐烂病的生物防治。花生果实腐烂病防控生物防治研究在国内刚刚起步,仅见有采用解淀粉芽胞杆菌防控果实腐烂病的研究报道,尚未见采用高地芽胞杆菌防控果实腐烂病的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一株高地芽胞杆菌。
本发明的另一目的是提供该高地芽孢杆菌的应用。
本发明的目的可通过以下技术方案实现:
本发明提供的高地芽胞杆菌(Bacillus altitudinis)ZKY02,已于2019年12月2日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心(GDMCC),地址:广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼;保藏号为GDMCC NO:60910。
该菌株分离自香蕉根际土,为革兰氏阳性菌,菌体杆状,产生芽胞,接触酶、氧化酶试验阳性,能够水解淀粉和液化明胶,能够利用柠檬酸盐,具有糖酵解能力,V.P试验呈负反应,不能利用KCN、丙二酸、酒石酸盐、肌醇、山梨醇、甘露糖、木糖、麦芽糖、棉子糖,不能水解七叶灵,好氧生长,生长pH范围较广,pH5.0~pH9.0均能生长,55℃不能生长,4℃不能生长,能够在0.001%溶菌酶、3%~7%的NaCl中生长。
ZKY02可以产生铁载体,具有有机磷分解能力,不能固氮、不分解无机磷,不具备解钾能力。
高地芽胞杆菌ZKY02菌株在用于抑制植物病原菌方面的用途,优选在抑制植物病原真菌镰刀菌中的应用;进一步优选在抑制尖孢镰刀菌引起的香蕉枯萎病、镰刀菌引起的花生果实腐烂病中的应用。
本发明所述的高地芽胞杆菌ZKY02在制备防治植物病原菌的制剂中的应用;优选在制备防治尖孢镰刀菌引起的香蕉枯萎病、镰刀菌引起的花生果实腐烂病的制剂中的应用。
有益效果:
本发明提供的上述菌株通过获得的16S rDNA片段,并在NCBI上通过BLAST搜索和比对后被证明是一株高地芽胞杆菌,能够对多种植物病原真菌具有较好的平板拮抗活性,尤其对各种镰刀菌引起的土传维管束病害具有很好的拮抗能力。
附图说明
图1 ZKY02在MSgg培养基上形成的薄皮和菌落
A、ZKY02在MSgg液体培养基上形成的薄皮;B、ZKY02在MSgg固体培养基上形成的菌落
图2 ZKY02在BGM1和BGDM培养基上形成的薄皮和菌落
A、ZKY02在BGM1液体培养基上形成的薄皮;B、ZKY02在BGM1固体培养基上形成的菌落;C、ZKY02在BGDM液体培养基上形成的薄皮;D、ZKY02在BGDM固体培养基上形成的薄皮
图3基于16S rDNA的ZKY02系统发育树;
图4 ZKY02对香蕉枯萎病菌1号和4号生理小种的拮抗效果
A、FOC004对照;B、ZKY02对FOC004的拮抗效果;C、FOC009对照;D、ZKY02对FOC009的拮抗效果
图5 ZKY02对引起花生果实腐烂的不同病原菌拮抗效果
A、R4-1对照,B、ZKY02对R4-1的拮抗效果;C、R4-2对照,B、ZKY02对R4-2的拮抗效果;E、R5对照,F、ZKY02对R5的拮抗效果;G、G5对照,H、ZKY02对G5的拮抗效果
生物材料保藏信息
ZKY02,分类命名为Bacillus altitudinis,保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏号中心,保藏地址为广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼广东省微生物研究所,保藏日期为2019年12月2日,保藏编号为GDMCC NO:60910。
具体实施方式
实施例1:ZKY02的分离纯化和理化性质研究
(一)ZKY02的分离、纯化和保藏
在珠海市斗门区大赤坎香蕉种植园中,采集发病地健康巴西蕉根际土,采用稀释平板法在LB上分离培养细菌;37℃恒温培养过夜,挑长出的形态有差异的细菌ZKY02,于新的LB平板纯化培养,并以菌液形式用30%甘油保存于-20℃及-80℃。
(二)ZKY02的理化性质测定
试验方法及所需培养基参考《常见细菌系统鉴定手册》(东秀珠、蔡妙英等编著,北京:科学出版社,2001),其中生化指标鉴定使用广州环凯微生物科技有限公司的普通细菌鉴定管。
测试结果如表1所示。
表1 ZKY02生理生化特征
注:“-”表示阴性,“+”表示阳性。
(三)ZKY02菌株的生物被膜形成能力测定
将-80℃保藏的甘油冻存菌株取出,在LB培养基上划线,然后置于37℃的恒温培养箱培养过夜,长出的单菌落作为一级菌种。挑取单菌落到装有5mL LB液体培养基的试管中,37℃恒温振荡培养,转速180r/min,培养12h的菌液作为二级菌种。按照1%的接种量,将二级菌种接种到装有5mL LB液体培养基的试管中,37℃的恒温振荡培养,转速180r/min,培养4h的菌种作为三级菌种。将2μL三级菌种滴到MSgg固体培养基上,37℃的恒温培养48h观察菌落形成特征。将2μL三级菌种加入装有MSgg液体培养基的24孔细胞培养板中,37℃的恒温培养48h观察薄皮形成特征。同样的操作观察菌株在BGM1和BGDM上的菌落和薄皮形成。其中MSgg、BGM1和BGDM培养基的配方见发明人的已授权发明专利《芽胞杆菌生物被膜形成能力评估方法及应用的培养基》(ZL2016 10064177.7)。
ZKY02在MSgg培养基上形成的薄皮和菌落形态如图1,ZKY02在BGM1和BGDM上形成的薄皮和菌落形态如图2。ZKY02不能在MSgg培养基上形成薄皮和具有三维结构的菌落,但可以在BGM1培养基上形成薄皮和菌落,也可以在BGDM培养基上形成微弱的薄皮和具有光滑表面的菌落。
(四)利用16S rDNA开展的分子鉴定
对ZKY02开展了16S rDNA基因序列分析和系统发育树构建,通过系统进化分析确定ZKY02为一株高地芽胞杆菌。
其中ZKY02的16S rDNA序列由广东省微生物菌种保藏中心测试并提供。基于该序列构建的系统发育树如图3。
实施例2:ZKY02对香蕉枯萎病不同生理小种的拮抗活性检测
利用实验室保藏的香蕉枯萎病菌株检测ZKY02对香蕉枯萎病菌的广谱拮抗活性,供试菌株编号为FOC002、004、005、007、009、010、012,其中FOC002为香蕉内生非致病性尖孢镰刀菌,FOC004和005为香蕉枯萎病菌1号生理小种,其他菌株为香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种,FOC007菌株分离自湛江,其他菌株分离自珠海不同香蕉种植地(曹永军等,利用ITS1和ITS4通用引物扩增香蕉枯萎病菌核酸片段鉴定其生理小种,热带作物学报,2010,31(7):1098-1102)。
1、菌株活化:刮取少量SNA保藏的病原菌接种到PDA平板上,27℃培养4-5d,然后用灭菌的1mL塑料吸头在菌落边缘打孔获得菌饼,然后将菌饼转移到新的PDA平板上,待菌落长到2/3平板时,用于拮抗活性测定。
2、ZKY02的活化,见实施方案1。使用2级菌种用于拮抗活性测试。
3、拮抗活性测定方法:
在PDA平板中央接种直径为5mm的病原菌菌块,距离菌块3cm处点接ZKY02,28℃恒温培养5d,观察抑菌带有无,并测定对照菌落的半径大小,以及处理菌株的半径大小,计算抑菌率,计算公式为:(对照半径-处理半径)/对照半径×100%。
其中ZKY02对FOC004(1号生理小种)和FOC009菌株(4号生理小种)的拮抗活性如图4所示。
ZKY02对香蕉枯萎病病原菌不同菌株的拮抗活性结果见表2所示。
表2 ZKY01对不同寄主来源病原真菌镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)的拮抗活性
实施例3、ZKY02对其他引起作物根腐和枯萎的镰刀菌拮抗活性测试
生测拮抗活性的方法同实施例2,其中供试病原菌包括引起西芹黄萎病的病原菌尖孢镰刀菌芹菜专化型2号生理小种FOA菌株、引起玉米根腐病的禾谷镰刀菌F.g.菌株和拟轮枝镰刀菌F.v.、引起西瓜枯萎病的尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型1号生理小种,引起黄瓜枯萎病的尖孢镰刀菌黄瓜专化型,引起黄瓜根腐病的茄病镰刀菌。测定结果如表2所示。ZKY02对来自西芹、玉米、西瓜和黄瓜的镰刀菌病害都具备广谱的拮抗活性。
实施例4、ZKY02对花生果实腐烂病菌病原菌的拮抗试验
生测拮抗活性时的方法同实施例3,其中花生果实腐烂病和白绢病由实验室分离自患病的花生果实和茎部,并通过回接验证上述病害均可以引起花生果实腐烂。其中果实腐烂病病原菌编号为R4-1、R4-2、R5和G5。
表3 ZKY02对花生病原真菌的平板拮抗活性
Claims (4)
1.高地芽胞杆菌(Bacillus altitudinis)ZKY02,于2019年12月2日保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏号为GDMCC NO: 60910。
2.权利要求1所述的高地芽胞杆菌ZKY02在抑制植物病原菌中的应用,其特征在于权利要求1所述的高地芽胞杆菌ZKY02在抑制植物病原真菌镰刀菌中的应用。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于权利要求1所述的高地芽胞杆菌ZKY02在抑制尖孢镰刀菌引起的香蕉枯萎病、镰刀菌引起的花生果实腐烂病中的应用。
4.权利要求1所述的高地芽胞杆菌ZKY02在制备防治植物病原菌的制剂中的应用,其特征在于权利要求1所述的高地芽胞杆菌ZKY02在制备防治尖孢镰刀菌引起的香蕉枯萎病、镰刀菌引起的花生果实腐烂病的制剂中的应用。
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