CN112590342A - 一种抗菌保鲜膜及其制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种抗菌保鲜膜及其制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN112590342A
CN112590342A CN202011479125.9A CN202011479125A CN112590342A CN 112590342 A CN112590342 A CN 112590342A CN 202011479125 A CN202011479125 A CN 202011479125A CN 112590342 A CN112590342 A CN 112590342A
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layer
base layer
parts
antibacterial
preservative film
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CN112590342B (zh
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赵永建
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Taizhou Ruikang daily necessities Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Taizhou Luqiao Ruikang Houseware Factory
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    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract

本申请涉及保鲜膜领域，具体公开了一种抗菌保鲜膜及其制备工艺。一种抗菌保鲜膜依次包括厚度比为（2～3）:（1～2）:（1～3）：（1～2）：（2～3）的第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层，第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层中的配料相互作用；抗菌保鲜膜的制备工艺为：分别将第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层中的配料进行混炼，然后通过流延挤出、冷却、切边、引边、收卷后制成抗菌保鲜膜。本申请产品可用于包裹食物果蔬，以延缓食物果蔬的变质，其具有高效抗菌的优点；另外，本申请的制备工艺具有简单清洁的优点。

Description

一种抗菌保鲜膜及其制备工艺
技术领域
本申请涉及保鲜膜领域，更具体地说，它涉及一种抗菌保鲜膜及其制备工艺。
背景技术
保鲜膜是一种塑料包装制品，通常以乙烯为母料通过聚合反应制成，主要用于微波炉食品加热、冰箱食物保存、生鲜及熟食包装等场合，在家庭生活、超市卖场、宾馆饭店及工业生产的食品包装领域都有广泛应用。
保鲜膜可对食物进行包裹，使食物方便保存，也能防止食物中的水分散发，使食物不失原有鲜味；另外，保鲜膜也有助于食物免受外界细菌的感染。但是目前的保鲜膜不具备抑菌效果，而人类生活环境中存在大量细菌、霉菌、病毒等微生物，因此保鲜膜在使用过程中会沾染微生物，从而使被包裹的食物也沾染微生物，另外，食物自身也会霉变产生微生物。
上述相关技术中，由于保鲜膜不具有抗菌效果，会使食物表面的微生物迅速繁殖，影响食品的保存时间，也不利于人体健康。
发明内容
为了提高保鲜膜的抗菌效果，一方面，本申请提供一种抗菌保鲜膜，采用如下的技术方案：
一种抗菌保鲜膜，依次包括厚度比为(2～3):(1～2):(1～3)：(1～2)：(2～3)的第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层；
第一基层和第二基层均包括以下按重量份计的组分：低密度高压聚乙烯2～10份、高密度低压聚乙烯85～96份、载银硅酸盐1～6份、羟苯丙酯或者乙基香草醛2～3份，甲壳素1～3份、细菌素0.2～0.4份、食用明胶6～8份、水滑石0.2～0.5份、乙烯脱除剂0.1～0.3份；
第一稳固层和第二稳固层均包括以下按重量份计的组分：低密度高压聚乙烯2～10份、高密度低压聚乙烯85～96份、载银硅酸盐1～6份、羟苯丙酯或者乙基香草醛1～2份、甲壳素1～3份、食用明胶3～6份、水滑石0.1～0.3份、乙烯脱除剂0.1～0.3份；
连接层包括以下按重量份计的组分：高密度低压聚乙烯94～99份、载银硅酸盐1～6份、食用明胶2～4份、水滑石0.1～0.3份、乙烯脱除剂0.1～0.3份。
通过采用上述技术方案，聚乙烯不吸湿并具有好的防水蒸汽性，可用于包装用途，故采用聚乙烯为基料制备保鲜膜；将抗菌保鲜膜分为五层，且五层的配料有所不同，五层配合使用后可大幅提高保鲜膜的抗菌性、耐热性和机械强度，可达到对食物进行保质保鲜的目的。
低密度高压聚乙烯和高密度低压聚乙烯配合使用，可使抗菌保鲜膜具有优良的结晶度和耐环境应力开裂性能；食用明胶属于两性电解质，是天然的乳化剂和稳定剂，水滑石属于层状化合物，具有很好的流变性，将适量食用明胶与水滑石加入低密度高压聚乙烯和高密度低压聚乙烯中可以提高抗菌保鲜膜延展性及可变形性，使抗菌保鲜膜更好地包裹食品或者器皿，进而提升抗菌保鲜膜的使用性能；另外，由于水滑石为层状结构，水滑石与聚乙烯混合后可以增大保鲜膜对各类抗菌剂的负载率，进而有利于优化保鲜膜的抗菌效果。
载银硅酸盐是将具有较好抗菌效果的银离子均匀分布至具有耐久性能的硅酸盐结构中，属于无机抗菌剂，有较好的安全性和耐热性，不产生耐药性，添加到聚乙烯中可以起到很好的抗菌效果；第一基层和第二基层中加入载银硅酸盐及可食用的乙基香草醛或者羟苯丙酯、可使保鲜膜具有强的杀菌作用，甲壳素和细菌素具有抑菌作用，可以有效阻止多数菌类微生物的产生及繁殖，除了可以防止膜本身的霉变，也能对果蔬起到抑菌和延缓衰老的作用，第一基层和第二基层作为抗菌保鲜膜成膜后的内外表面，使用时会直接与食物及外界环境接触，此时，抗菌保鲜膜能够发挥很好的抗菌效果。
第一稳固层、第二稳固层以及连接层中起抗菌作用的物质逐渐减少，这样可以使抗菌保鲜膜整体达到好的抗菌效果的同时节省原料，节约成本；第一稳固层、第二稳固层以及连接层对第一基层和第二基层起到辅助作用，使多层膜复合形成具有优良性能的抗菌保鲜膜。
可选的，所述细菌素采用乳酸链球菌素和肠道菌素中的至少一种。
通过采用上述技术方案，乳酸链球菌素(nisin)和肠道菌素(enterocin)属于细菌产生的一类具有抑菌活性的蛋白质，具有高效、无毒、耐高温、无残留和无抗药性等优点，用于保鲜膜中有利于提高保鲜膜的抗菌效果。
可选的，所述乙烯消除剂为活性炭。
通过采用上述技术方案，活性炭具有很强的吸附功能，可以吸附乙烯、乙醇、乙醛等对果蔬贮藏不利气体的作用，减缓果蔬的变质，对果蔬起到保鲜作用。
可选的，所述活性炭的粒度为1000～1250目。
通过采用上述技术方案，当活性炭的粒度为1000～1250目时，活性炭的颗粒度较小，比表面积增大，可与待吸附气体充分接触，进而可充分发挥吸附气体、给果蔬灭菌的效果；另外，颗粒度较小的活性炭可均匀分散在保鲜膜中，使保鲜膜色泽均一，优化了保鲜膜的表观。
可选的，所述第一基层和第二基层中按重量份计，还分别包括木糖醇酯0.5～1.0份。
通过采用上述技术方案，木糖醇酯的加入优化了抗菌保鲜膜的疏水性，食物的蒸腾作用会使保鲜膜内表面结露并形成水滴，进而会助长微生物的繁殖，而木糖醇酯可使水雾在保鲜膜的膜表面均匀展开形成水膜，既不形成水雾，也不会形成水滴，有助于保鲜膜的抗菌，也有助于减缓保鲜膜的雾化。
可选的，所述第一基层和第二基层中还分别包括按重量份计的抗氧化剂0.15～0.2份，抗氧化剂采用叔丁基对苯二酚或丁基羟基茴香醚中的至少一种。
通过采用上述技术方案，食品抗氧化剂是能阻止或延缓食品氧化变质、提高食品稳定性和延长贮存期的食品添加剂，叔丁基对苯二酚和丁基羟基茴香醚耐高温且无毒性，可在食品表面形成一层保护膜，既可防止微生物侵入，又有助于减缓食品的氧化，抑制果实呼吸，延缓果蔬熟化过程，起到很好的保鲜作用，使食物不易变质。
可选的，所述第一稳固层、连接层和第二稳固层中还分别包括按重量份计的聚异丁烯0.2～0.4份，所述聚异丁烯可以购自广州市思伽化工有限公司中的PB2400型号。
通过采用上述技术方案，聚异丁烯具有较好的胶粘性，保湿润滑而不油腻，在第一稳固层、连接层和第二稳固层中加入聚异丁烯后，可以使抗菌保鲜膜各层之间的粘合度增强，从而使抗菌保鲜膜的各层更加紧密贴合，进一步促进抗菌保鲜膜更好地发挥抗菌保鲜效果。
第二方面，本申请提供一种抗菌保鲜膜的制备工艺，采用如下的技术方案：
一种抗菌保鲜膜的制备工艺，分别将第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层中的配料进行混炼，然后通过流延挤出、冷却、切边、引边、收卷后制成抗菌保鲜膜。
通过采用上述技术方案，采用流延法制得了第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层复合而成的抗菌保鲜膜，具有较好的热成型、热粘合能力及强度、刚度、硬度等机械性能，复合过程不用溶剂、不产生三废物质。
可选的，所述第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层中的配料的混炼温度均为200～240℃，混炼时间为15～20min；流延挤出时的膜头温度为230～280℃：挤出转速为45～50rpm，冷却速度为105～120m/min。
通过采用上述技术方案，可以在合适的工艺参数下大规模制备抗菌性好、实用性强的抗菌保鲜膜，在制备过程中，流程相对简单。
可选的，所述流延挤出的过程中，第一基层、第二基层、第一稳固层和第二稳固层中的配料的螺杆温度均分为1～4四个区，1区的温度为180～220℃，2区的温度为200～240℃，3区的温度为210～250℃，4区的温度为220～260℃；连接层中的配料的螺杆温度分为1～5五个区，1区的温度为180～220℃，2区的温度为190～230℃，3区的温度为200～240℃，4区的温度为210～250℃，5区的温度为220～260℃。
通过采用上述技术方案，采用温度梯度可以使各物料均匀受热，进而可以使流延而成的抗菌保鲜膜质地均一，延展性能较好，另外，温度分区可以促进各物料间的相互作用，有利于提高抗菌保鲜膜的抗菌性能。
综上所述，本申请具有以下有益效果：
1.本申请根据不同抗菌剂的抗菌性能方式采用多种抗菌剂，可使各种抗菌剂配合使用，优势互补，有效提高保鲜膜的抗菌效果；
2.本申请通过加入木糖醇酯以及乙烯吸附剂，使保鲜膜既可以杀菌，又可以破环微生物的生存繁殖环境，使保鲜膜对食品及果蔬的杀菌抗菌效果显著提升；
3.本申请通过流延法将第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层挤出为多层复合膜，各层之间相互配合，可大幅提高保鲜膜的抗菌性和断裂伸长率，可达到对食物进行保质保鲜的目的。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本申请作进一步详细说明。
下述实施方式中使用的原料来源：
低密度高压聚乙烯：购自山东腾远建材科技股份有限公司；
高密度低压聚乙烯：购自山东腾远建材科技股份有限公司；
载银硅酸盐：购自晋大纳米科技(厦门)有限公司；
羟苯丙酯：购自润慧生物科技有限公司；
乙基香草醛：购自润慧生物科技有限公司；
甲壳素：购自西安奥赛生物有限公司；
食用明胶：购自西安奥赛生物有限公司；
水滑石：购自购自河北鸿庄环保科技有限公司；
木糖醇酯：购自安徽宏达生物工程有限公司；
聚异丁烯：购自广州市思伽化工有限公司；
乳酸链球菌素：购自徐州丰瑞生物科技有限公司；
肠道菌素：购自徐州丰瑞生物科技有限公司；
活性炭：购自上海全虎活性炭有限公司徐州分公司；
叔丁基对苯二酚：购自郑州宏兴食品添加剂有限公司；
丁基羟基茴香醚：购自郑州宏兴食品添加剂有限公司
实施例
实施例1
采用如下根据本申请的制备工艺来生产抗菌保鲜膜：
各自将2kg低密度高压聚乙烯、96kg高密度低压聚乙烯、1kg载银硅酸盐、3kg羟苯丙酯、1kg甲壳素、0.4kg乳酸链球菌素、6kg食用明胶、0.5kg水滑石、0.3kg活性炭(1000目)在200℃的温度下混炼20min，以分别形成第一基层混合料和第二基层混合料；
各自将2kg低密度高压聚乙烯、96kg高密度低压聚乙烯、1kg载银硅酸盐、2kg乙基香草醛、1kg甲壳素、3kg食用明胶、0.3kg水滑石、0.1kg活性炭(1250目)在240℃的温度下混炼15min，以分别形成第一稳固层混合料和第二稳固层混合料；
将94kg高密度低压聚乙烯、6kg载银硅酸盐、2kg食用明胶、0.3kg水滑石、0.1kg活性炭(1000目)在200℃的温度下混炼20min，形成连接层混合料；
混炼完成后对各混合料进行流延共挤，第一基层混合料依次经过220℃、240℃、250℃和260℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，第一稳固层混合料依次经220℃、240℃、250℃和260℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，连接层混合料依次经过220℃，230℃，240℃、250℃和260℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，第二稳固层混合料依次经过220℃、240℃、250℃和260℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，第二基层混合料依次经过220℃、240℃、250℃和260℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，经280℃的膜头在45rpm的挤出转速条件下挤出制得复合膜，复合膜依次包括厚度比为2.5:2:3:1:2的第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层，然后将复合膜进行冷却，冷却速度为120m/min,由此制得抗菌保鲜膜，抗菌保鲜膜的总厚度为0.008mm。
实施例2
采用如下根据本申请的制备工艺来生产抗菌保鲜膜：
各自将10kg低密度高压聚乙烯、85kg高密度低压聚乙烯、6kg载银硅酸盐、2kg羟苯丙酯、3kg甲壳素、0.2kg乳酸链球菌素、8kg食用明胶、0.2kg水滑石、0.1kg活性炭(1000目)在200℃的温度下混炼20min，分别形成第一基层混合料和第二基层混合料；
各自将10kg低密度高压聚乙烯、85kg高密度低压聚乙烯、6kg载银硅酸盐、3kg乙基香草醛、3kg甲壳素、6kg食用明胶、0.1kg水滑石、0.3kg活性炭(1250目)在240℃的温度下混炼15min，分别形成第一稳固层混合料和第二稳固层混合料；将99kg高密度低压聚乙烯、1kg载银硅酸盐、2kg食用明胶、0.3kg水滑石、0.1kg活性炭(1000目)在200℃的温度下混炼20min，形成连接层混合料；
混炼完成后对各层膜进行流延共挤，实验工艺与实施例1一致，由此制得抗菌保鲜膜，此时，抗菌保鲜膜依次包括厚度比为2:1:2:1:2.4的第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层,抗菌保鲜膜的总厚度为0.008mm。
实施例3
采用如下根据本申请的制备工艺来生产抗菌保鲜膜：
各自将6kg低密度高压聚乙烯、90kg高密度低压聚乙烯、3kg载银硅酸盐、2.5kg羟苯丙酯、2kg甲壳素、0.3kg乳酸链球菌素、7kg食用明胶、0.4kg水滑石、0.2kg活性炭(1250目)在240℃的温度下混炼15min，分别形成第一基层混合料和第二基层混合料；
各自将8kg低密度高压聚乙烯、92kg高密度低压聚乙烯、3kg载银硅酸盐、1.5kg乙基香草醛、2kg甲壳素、4kg食用明胶、0.2kg水滑石、0.2kg活性炭(1000目)在200℃的温度下混炼20min，分别形成第一稳固层混合料和第二稳固层混合料；将96kg高密度低压聚乙烯、5kg载银硅酸盐、3kg食用明胶、0.2kg水滑石、0.25kg活性炭(1250目)在240℃的温度下混炼15min，形成连接层混合料；
混炼完成后对各层膜进行流延共挤，实验工艺与实施例1一致，由此制得抗菌保鲜膜，此时，抗菌保鲜膜依次包括厚度比为3:1.6:2:1.5:2.4的第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层,抗菌保鲜膜的总厚度为0.008mm。
实施例4
采用如下根据本申请的制备工艺来生产抗菌保鲜膜：
各自将8kg低密度高压聚乙烯、90kg高密度低压聚乙烯、3kg载银硅酸盐、2.4kg乙基香草醛，2.5kg甲壳素、0.2kg乳酸链球菌素和0.1kg肠道菌素、7kg食用明胶、0.4kg水滑石、0.2kg活性炭(1200目)在220℃的温度下混炼16min，分别形成第一基层混合料和第二基层混合料；
各自将9kg低密度高压聚乙烯、95kg高密度低压聚乙烯、1.5kg载银硅酸盐、1.6kg羟苯丙酯、2kg甲壳素、3.5kg食用明胶、0.2kg水滑石、0.2kg活性炭(1200目)在230℃的温度下混炼18min，分别形成第一稳固层混合料和第二稳固层混合料；将95kg高密度低压聚乙烯、5kg载银硅酸盐、3kg食用明胶、0.2kg水滑石、0.25kg活性炭(1240目)在210℃的温度下混炼16min，形成连接层混合料；
混炼完成后对各层膜进行流延共挤，第一基层混合料依次经过180℃、200℃、210℃和220℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，第一稳固层混合料依次经180℃、200℃、210℃和220℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，连接层混合料依次经过180℃，190℃，200℃、210℃和220℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，第二稳固层混合料依次经过180℃、200℃、210℃和220℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，第二基层混合料依次经过180℃、200℃、210℃和220℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，经230℃的膜头在50rpm的挤出转速条件下挤出复合膜，复合膜依次包括厚度比为3:2:3:2:3的第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层，然后将复合膜进行冷却，冷却速度为105m/min,由此制得抗菌保鲜膜,抗菌保鲜膜的总厚度为0.008mm。
实施例5
采用如下根据本申请的制备工艺来生产抗菌保鲜膜：
各自将8kg低密度高压聚乙烯、90kg高密度低压聚乙烯、3kg载银硅酸盐、2.4kg羟苯丙酯、2.5kg甲壳素、0.2kg乳酸链球菌素和0.1kg肠道菌素、7kg食用明胶、0.4kg水滑石、0.2kg活性炭(1200目)在220℃的温度下混炼16min，分别形成第一基层混合料和第二基层混合料；
各自将9kg低密度高压聚乙烯、95kg高密度低压聚乙烯、1.5kg载银硅酸盐、1.6kg乙基香草醛、2kg甲壳素、3.5kg食用明胶、0.2kg水滑石、0.2kg活性炭(1200目)在230℃的温度下混炼18min，分别形成第一稳固层混合料和第二稳固层混合料；
将95kg高密度低压聚乙烯、5kg载银硅酸盐、3kg食用明胶、0.2kg水滑石、0.25kg活性炭(1240目)在210℃的温度下混炼16min，形成连接层混合料；
混炼完成后对各层膜进行流延共挤，第一基层混合料依次经过200℃、220℃、230℃和250℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，第一稳固层混合料依次经210℃、220℃、230℃和250℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，连接层混合料依次经过215℃，220℃，230℃、235℃和250℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，第二稳固层混合料依次经过190℃、200℃、240℃和250℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，第二基层混合料依次经过185℃、235℃、220℃和240℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，经260℃的膜头在48rpm的挤出转速条件下挤出复合膜，复合膜依次包括厚度比为2:1.5:2.5:2:2.2的第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层，然后将复合膜进行冷却，冷却速度为110m/min,由此制得抗菌保鲜膜,抗菌保鲜膜的总厚度为0.008mm。
实施例6
采用如下根据本申请的制备工艺来生产抗菌保鲜膜：与实施例5的不同之处在于，第一基层混合料混炼时加入1kg木糖醇酯，第二基层混合料混炼时加入0.5kg木糖醇酯，由此制得抗菌保鲜膜，此时，抗菌保鲜膜依次包括厚度比为2.1:1.4:2:1.3:2.4的第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层,抗菌保鲜膜的总厚度为0.008mm。
实施例7
采用如下根据本申请的制备工艺来生产抗菌保鲜膜：与实施例8的不同之处在于，第一基层混合料混炼时还加入0.15kg丁基羟基茴香醚，第二基层混合料在混炼时加入0.2kg叔丁基对苯二酚，由此制得抗菌保鲜膜，此时，抗菌保鲜膜依次包括厚度比为3:1.6:1.5:1.5:2的第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层,抗菌保鲜膜的总厚度为0.008mm。
实施例8
采用如下根据本申请的制备工艺来生产抗菌保鲜膜：与实施例7的不同之处在于，第一稳固层混合料混炼时加入0.4kg聚异丁烯,连接层混炼时加入0.4kg聚异丁烯，第二稳固层混合料混炼时加入0.2kg聚异丁烯，由此制得抗菌保鲜膜，此时，抗菌保鲜膜依次包括厚度比为2:2:2:1:2.5的第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层,抗菌保鲜膜的总厚度为0.008mm。
实施例9
采用如下根据本申请的制备工艺来生产抗菌保鲜膜：与实施例5的不同之处在于，第一基层混合料混炼时加入0.5kg木糖醇酯，0.15kg丁基羟基茴香醚，第二基层混合料在混炼时加入1kg木糖醇酯，0.2kg叔丁基对苯二酚，第一稳固层混合料混炼时加入0.2kg聚异丁烯,连接层混合料混炼时加入0.2kg聚异丁烯，第二稳固层混合料混炼时加入0.4kg聚异丁烯，由此制得抗菌保鲜膜，此时，抗菌保鲜膜依次包括厚度比为3:1:2:1.5:3的第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层,抗菌保鲜膜的总厚度为0.008mm。
实施例10
采用如下根据本申请的制备工艺来生产抗菌保鲜膜：与实施例5的不同之处在于，第一基层混合料混炼时加入0.8kg木糖醇酯，0.1kg丁基羟基茴香醚和0.06kg叔丁基对苯二酚，第二基层混合料在混炼时加入0.6kg木糖醇酯，0.08kg叔丁基对苯二酚和0.05kg，第一稳固层混合料混炼时加入0.3kg聚异丁烯,连接层混合料混炼时加入0.35kg聚异丁烯，第二稳固层混合料混炼时加入0.3kg聚异丁烯，由此制得抗菌保鲜膜，此时，抗菌保鲜膜依次包括厚度比为2.5:1.5:2:1.5:2.2的第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层,抗菌保鲜膜的总厚度为0.008mm。
对比例
对比例1
一种保鲜膜，与实施例10的不同之处在于，各自将10kg低密度高压聚乙烯、100kg高密度低压聚乙烯、0.5kg载银硅酸盐、4.kg羟苯丙酯、0.5kg甲壳素、0.5kg乳酸链球菌素和0.1kg肠道菌素、0.9kg食用明胶、0.1kg水滑石、0.35kg活性炭(1200目)在220℃的温度下混炼16min，分别形成第一基层混合料和第二基层混合料；各自将30kg低密度高压聚乙烯、86kg高密度低压聚乙烯、1.5kg载银硅酸盐、1.6kg乙基香草醛、2kg甲壳素、3.5kg食用明胶、0.2kg水滑石、0.2kg活性炭(1200目)在230℃的温度下混炼18min，分别形成第一稳固层混合料和第二稳固层混合料；
将98kg高密度低压聚乙烯、5kg载银硅酸盐、3kg食用明胶、0.2kg水滑石、0.25kg活性炭(1240目)在210℃的温度下混炼16min，形成连接层混合料；
保鲜膜依次包括厚度比为2.5:1.5:2:1.5:2.2的第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层,保鲜膜的总厚度为0.008mm。
对比例2
一种保鲜膜，与实施例10的不同之处在于，各自将8kg低密度高压聚乙烯、90kg高密度低压聚乙烯、9kg载银硅酸盐、0.4kg羟苯丙酯、0.5kg甲壳素、0.2kg乳酸链球菌素和0.1kg肠道菌素、1kg食用明胶、0.4kg水滑石、0.2kg活性炭(1200目)在220℃的温度下混炼16min，分别形成第一基层混合料和第二基层混合料；各自将9kg低密度高压聚乙烯、95kg高密度低压聚乙烯、1.5kg载银硅酸盐、2kg乙基香草醛、8kg甲壳素、3.5kg食用明胶、0.2kg水滑石、0.2kg活性炭(1200目)在230℃的温度下混炼18min，分别形成第一稳固层混合料和第二稳固层混合料；
将95kg高密度低压聚乙烯、8kg载银硅酸盐、3kg食用明胶、0.2kg水滑石、0.42kg活性炭(1240目)在210℃的温度下混炼16min，形成连接层混合料；
保鲜膜依次包括厚度比为2.5:1.5:2:1.5:2.2的第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层,保鲜膜的总厚度为0.008mm。
对比例3
一种保鲜膜，与实施例10不同之处在于，混炼完成后对各层膜进行流延共挤，经300℃的膜头在60rpm的挤出转速条件下挤出复合膜，保鲜膜依次包括为厚度比为2.5:1.5:2:1.5:2.2的第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层，保鲜膜的总厚度为0.008mm。
对比例4
一种保鲜膜，与实施例10不同之处在于，混炼完成后对各层膜进行流延共挤，第一基层混合料依次经过250℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，第一稳固层混合料依次经250℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，连接层混合料依次经过250℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，第二稳固层混合料依次经过250℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，第二基层混合料依次经过240℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，经260℃的膜头在48rpm的挤出转速条件下挤出复合膜，然后将复合膜进行冷却，冷却速度为135m/min，保鲜膜依次包括厚度比为2.5:1.5:2:1.5:2.2的第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层，保鲜膜的总厚度为0.008mm。
对比例5
一种保鲜膜，各自将8kg低密度高压聚乙烯、90kg高密度低压聚乙烯、3kg载银硅酸盐、2.4kg羟苯丙酯、2.5kg甲壳素、0.2kg乳酸链球菌素和0.1kg肠道菌素、7kg食用明胶、0.4kg水滑石、0.2kg活性炭(1200目)在220℃的温度下混炼16min，分别形成第一基层混合料和第二基层混合料；
混炼完成后对各层膜进行流延共挤，第一基层混合料依次经过200℃、220℃、230℃和250℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，第二基层混合料依次经过185℃、235℃、220℃和240℃的螺杆温度区后到达膜头，经260℃的膜头在48rpm的挤出转速条件下挤出复合膜，复合膜依次包括厚度比为2:2.2的第一基层和第二基层，然后将复合膜进行冷却，冷却速度为110m/min,由此制得抗菌保鲜膜，保鲜膜的总厚度为0.008mm。
对比例6
一种保鲜膜，与实施例10的不同之处在于，第一基层混合料混炼时不加入甲壳素和乳酸链球菌素；第二稳固层混合料混炼时不加入载银硅酸盐；复合膜依次包括厚度比为2:1.5:2.5:2:2.2的第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层，由此制得抗菌保鲜膜，保鲜膜的总厚度为0.008mm。
性能检测试验
性能检测试验1(拉伸强度和断裂伸长率)
将实施例1～10和对比例1～6制得的保鲜膜分别进行拉伸强度和断裂伸长率检测，拉伸强度和断裂伸长率的检测方法参照GB/T13022-1991《塑料薄膜拉伸性能试验方法》，每个样品测定10次，结果取平均值，实验数据见表1。
性能检测试验2(抑菌率检测)
将实施例1～10和对比例1～6制得的保鲜膜分别进行抑菌率检测，抑菌率的检测方法参照QB/T2591-2003《抗菌塑料-抗菌性能试验方法和抗菌效果》，每个样品测定10次，结果取平均值，实验数据见表1。
表1.
Figure BDA0002834787530000121
Figure BDA0002834787530000131
通过实施例1～10的数据与对比例1～6的数据比较可以发现，采用本申请中的配料及方法制备得到的保鲜膜抑菌率较高，且抗拉伸性能也不错，可达到很好的抗菌效果，有好的使用性能。
比较实施例6与实施例5的数据，可以发现实施例6中制备得到的保鲜膜的抗菌率较好，这是由于木糖醇酯阻碍了保鲜膜表面形成水雾，可在一定程度上阻止部分微生物的生长及繁殖，故保鲜膜的抗菌率提高。
通过实施例7和实施例6的数据比较，向保鲜膜内加入丁基羟基茴香醚和叔丁基对苯二酚，有利于提高保鲜膜的抗菌性，这是由于丁基羟基茴香醚和叔丁基对苯二酚可起到保鲜作用，抑制微生物自身的氧化，进而抑制一部分微生物的繁殖，使保鲜膜的抗菌率提高。
通过实施例8和实施例7的数据比较，表明聚异丁烯的加入后可以增加保鲜膜的断裂增长率，可能是由于聚异丁烯的粘性可以使保鲜膜中各层贴合更紧密。
通过实施例8～10的数据可以发现，保鲜膜的强度和抗菌性能是各物质相互配合的结果，各物质间优势互补，才可全方面提高保鲜膜的抗菌效果，并达到了适宜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。
通过比较实施例10与对比例1～2的数据可以发现，配比对保鲜膜的影响较大，本申请中的物料并非任意配比即可达到好的抗菌效果及拉伸效果，而且低密度高压聚乙烯和高密度低压聚乙烯的配比主要影响的是保鲜膜的拉伸强度，故低密度高压聚乙烯和高密度低压聚乙烯的配比不可随意调配。
通过比较对比例3～5和实施例10的数据可得，本申请中的制备方法及制备过程中的工艺参数均对制备高抗菌性能和抗拉性能具有重要意义，采用流延法将多层膜挤出复合膜，可极大增强保鲜膜的各项性能。再结合对比例6的数据可知，对比例6的数据与对比例5的抗菌率数据相近，但与实施例10抗菌率的数据相差较大，由此说明抗菌剂之间是配合发挥作用的，当只有第一基层和第二基层时，保鲜膜的抗菌效果变差，这可能是由于第一基层和第二基层中的抗菌剂不能够对细菌起到充分的灭菌效果。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释，其并不是对本申请的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本申请的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。

Claims (10)

1.一种抗菌保鲜膜，其特征在于，依次包括厚度比为（2～3）:（1～2）:（1～3）：（1～2）：（2～3）的第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层；
第一基层和第二基层均包括以下按重量份计的组分：低密度高压聚乙烯2～10份、高密度低压聚乙烯85～96份、载银硅酸盐1～6份、羟苯丙酯或者乙基香草醛2～3份，甲壳素1～3份、细菌素0.2～0.4份、食用明胶6～8份、水滑石0.2～0.5份、乙烯脱除剂0.1～0.3份；
第一稳固层和第二稳固层均包括以下按重量份计的组分：低密度高压聚乙烯2～10份、高密度低压聚乙烯85～96份、载银硅酸盐1～6份、羟苯丙酯或者乙基香草醛1～2份、甲壳素1～3份、食用明胶3～6份、水滑石0.1～0.3份、乙烯脱除剂0.1～0.3份；
连接层包括以下按重量份计的组分：高密度低压聚乙烯94～99份、载银硅酸盐1～6份、食用明胶2～4份、水滑石0.1～0.3份、乙烯脱除剂0.1～0.3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌保鲜膜，其特征在于：所述细菌素采用乳酸链球菌素和肠道菌素中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌保鲜膜，其特征在于：所述乙烯消除剂为活性炭。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种抗菌保鲜膜，其特征在于：所述活性炭的粒度为1000～1250目。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌保鲜膜，其特征在于：所述第一基层和第二基层中按重量份计，还分别包括木糖醇酯0.5～1.0份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌保鲜膜，其特征在于：所述第一基层和第二基层中还分别包括按重量份计的抗氧化剂0.15～0.2份，抗氧化剂采用叔丁基对苯二酚或丁基羟基茴香醚中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌保鲜膜，其特征在于：所述第一稳固层、连接层和第二稳固层中还分别包括按重量份计的聚异丁烯0.2～0.4份。
8.一种如权利要求1～7任一项所述的抗菌保鲜膜的制备工艺，其特征在于：分别将第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层中的配料进行混炼，然后通过流延挤出、冷却、切边、引边、收卷后制成抗菌保鲜膜。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种抗菌保鲜膜，其特征在于：所述第一基层、第一稳固层、连接层、第二稳固层和第二基层的配料的混炼温度均为200～240oC，混炼时间为15～20min；流延挤出时的膜头温度为230～280oC：挤出转速为45～50rpm，冷却速度为105～120m/min。
10.根据权利要求8所述的一种抗菌保鲜膜，其特征在于：所述流延挤出的过程中，第一基层、第二基层、第一稳固层和第二稳固层的配料的螺杆温度均分为1～4四个区，1区的温度为180～220℃，2区的温度为200～240℃，3区的温度为210～250℃，4区的温度为220～260℃；连接层的配料的螺杆温度分为1～5五个区，1区的温度为180～220℃，2区的温度为190～230℃，3区的温度为200～240℃，4区的温度为210～250℃，5区的温度为220～260℃。
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