CN112586261B - Method for out-of-season cultivation of figs - Google Patents
Method for out-of-season cultivation of figs Download PDFInfo
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- CN112586261B CN112586261B CN202011518718.1A CN202011518718A CN112586261B CN 112586261 B CN112586261 B CN 112586261B CN 202011518718 A CN202011518718 A CN 202011518718A CN 112586261 B CN112586261 B CN 112586261B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of agricultural planting, and provides an out-of-season cultivation method for figs, which comprises the following steps: forcing the figs to enter a dormant state, releasing the dormant state of the figs and controlling the figs to be mature. The method can realize the off-season marketing of the figs, can control the fig trees to change from the winter dormancy to the summer dormancy, avoids the rainy season in the mature season of the fruits and improves the quality of the fruits; in addition, fruit growers can plant the fruits in different seasons, so that the fruit ripening time is more dispersed, the fruits are prevented from being gathered to the market, the income of the fruit growers can be increased, and the planting enthusiasm of the farmers is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to an out-of-season cultivation method for figs.
Background
Fig has more than ten main cultivars such as green tangerine peels, boehmerin, high-yield yellow fruits, Japanese purple fruits, Marsey pottery flies, blanrelix, aureofen and the like, has thin and seedless peel, soft meat quality, sweetness and dainty taste and high nutritional value, contains 18 amino acids, organic acids, special functional enzymes and vitamins, also contains various elements such as selenium, phosphorus, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, potassium and the like, contains 15-24 percent of sugar in fresh fruits, is mostly fructose and glucose which can be directly absorbed by human bodies, and contains 2.3 times of vitamin C of oranges, so the fig is deeply loved by the general population.
At present, most of the varieties of the figs are fruited in summer and autumn, the fig is matured in 6-11 months, and the fallen leaves of the fruit trees enter dormancy along with the temperature reduction at the bottom of 11 months. The mature and marketing season of the fruits belongs to a rainy season, so that the quality of the fruits is reduced; in addition, the ripening time of the fruits is relatively centralized, so that the supply of the fresh fruits is larger than the demand, the price is lower, and the planting enthusiasm of farmers is influenced.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for cultivating figs out of season to compensate for the above drawbacks.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a method for out-of-season cultivation of figs, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art pointed out in the background art.
The embodiment of the invention is realized in such a way that the method for out-of-season cultivation of figs comprises the following steps:
forcing figs to enter a dormant state, comprising the following steps:
using a greenhouse as a planting environment, cutting off all branches and leaves above a first bud knot of all lateral branches of the fig tree in a period of vigorous vigor of the tree, and only leaving a bald trunk;
opening all air ports of the greenhouse to keep ventilation, and using a sun-shading device with a shading rate of more than 95% outside the greenhouse to inhibit the growth of the figs and force the figs to enter a dormant state;
the method for releasing the dormant state of the figs and controlling the mature of the figs comprises the following steps:
keeping ventilation, and using a sun-shading device with a shading rate of below 50% outside the greenhouse;
when the temperature reaches below 17 ℃ at night, removing the sun-shading device and starting full-light growth;
the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled below 32 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature at night is controlled above 8 ℃, and the illumination time is not less than 8 hours every day.
As another preferable scheme of the embodiment of the invention, in the step of forcing the figs to enter the dormant state, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 15-28 ℃.
As another preferable scheme of the embodiment of the invention, in the step of removing the fig dormancy state, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be 80-90%.
As another preferable scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the fig variety is selected from green tangerine orange peel or boji red; the fig seedling is robust fig seedling with annual diameter of more than 2 cm.
As another preferable scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the fig tree adopts a linear tree shape or an X-shaped tree shape with a trunk height of 40cm and upright bearing branches.
As another preferable scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the fig planting soil is sandy soil or loam, the pH value of the soil is 6.5-8.1, the organic matter content of the soil is more than or equal to 1%, and the soil layer thickness is more than or equal to 20 cm.
As another preferable scheme of the embodiment of the invention, after the fig enters the dormant state, part of fig trees germinate new buds in the period, and bud picking treatment is carried out.
As another preferable scheme of the embodiment of the invention, after the dormant state of the figs is removed, watering is carried out once every 7-10 days according to the soil moisture content, and each watering is matched with a balanced water soluble fertilizer.
As another preferable scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the content of soluble solids in the harvested figs is more than or equal to 20 percent, and the acidity is less than or equal to 0.3 percent.
As another preferred scheme of the embodiment of the invention, after the dormant state of the fig is removed, the method further comprises pest control:
prevention and treatment of thrips: spraying 25% of thiamethoxam 800-fold liquid and 2% of abamectin 800-fold liquid;
and (3) preventing and treating leaf spot disease: 50% iprodione wettable powder 900-times liquid is sprayed at the early stage of the disease, and the liquid is once every 7-10 days for preventing and treating for 1-2 times.
The method can realize the off-season marketing of the figs, can control the fig tree to change from winter dormancy into summer dormancy, avoids rainy seasons for the mature seasons of fruits and improves the quality of the fruits; in addition, fruit growers can plant the fruits in different seasons, so that the fruit ripening time is more dispersed, the fruits are prevented from being gathered to the market, the income of the fruit growers can be increased, and the planting enthusiasm of the farmers is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
Specific implementations of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for out-of-season cultivation of figs, which comprises the following steps:
selecting green tangerine peels for fig varieties; selecting robust fig seedlings with annual diameter of more than 2 cm;
the fig tree adopts a linear tree shape with the trunk height of 40cm and upright bearing branches;
the fig planting soil is sandy soil, the pH value of the soil is 6.5, the organic matter content of the soil is more than or equal to 1%, and the thickness of the soil layer is 20 cm;
the planting time of the fig trees is 3 months later in spring, and the planting density is 300 plants/mu;
forcing figs to enter a dormant state, comprising the following steps:
using a greenhouse as a planting environment, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 15 ℃, cutting off all branches and leaves above the first bud knot of all lateral branches of the fig tree in the period of vigorous growth of the tree in the middle ten days of May every year, watering thoroughly before cutting the tree, and leaving only bald trunks after cutting;
opening all air ports of the greenhouse to keep ventilation, using a sunshade net with a shielding rate of 95% outside the greenhouse, only slightly shining in the greenhouse to inhibit growth of the figs, and forcing the figs to enter a dormant state;
after the fig enters a dormant state, part of fig trees germinate new buds in the period, and bud picking treatment is carried out;
applying the base fertilizer once every 6 months, wherein the application amount is 1.5 tons/mu;
the method for releasing the dormant state of the figs and controlling the mature of the figs comprises the following steps:
according to the preset mature marketing time, the dormant state of the figs is relieved 130 days in advance;
controlling temperature and humidity in a greenhouse, wherein the fig ripens from germination, fruiting and new branch to first batch of fruits in about 130 days, if ripening and selling in winter in 1 month, the fig in the greenhouse is forced to sleep until the beginning of 8 months;
the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be 80 percent;
at the moment, in order to protect the tender leaves of the new tender shoots of the fig from being damaged by high temperature and high ultraviolet rays, a sun-shading net with the shading rate of 50 percent is used to keep ventilation;
when the temperature reaches below 17 ℃ at night, removing the sunshade net and starting full-light growth;
the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 32 ℃ in the daytime and 8 ℃ at night, the illumination time is 8 hours each day, and the fig fruits can be ripe in the environment within about 75 days since the fruits are displayed;
after the dormant state of the figs is removed, watering is carried out once every 7 days according to the soil moisture content, and each time of watering is matched with a balanced water soluble fertilizer;
after the dormant state of the figs is removed, the method further comprises pest control: comprises controlling thrips and controlling leaf spot;
prevention and treatment of thrips: spraying 25% of thiamethoxam 800-fold liquid and 2% of abamectin 800-fold liquid;
leaf spot disease: spraying 900 times of 50% iprodione wettable powder at the early stage of the disease, and preventing and treating for 1 time every 10 days;
the white juice of the fig is corrosive, and black spots are formed when the white juice is stained on the surface of the fig, so that the appearance and the freshness are influenced, therefore, the scissors are cut from the root of the fruit stem during collection, and the fig is placed for 1 hour to be packaged after the white juice of the fig disappears.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for out-of-season cultivation of figs, which comprises the following steps:
selecting Boji red for the variety of fig; selecting robust fig seedlings with annual diameter of more than 2 cm;
the fig tree adopts an X-shaped tree form with a trunk height of 40cm and upright bearing branches;
the fig planting soil is selected from loam, the pH value of the soil is 8.1, the organic matter content of the soil is more than or equal to 1%, and the thickness of the soil layer is 22 cm;
the planting time of the fig trees is 3 months later in spring, and the planting density is 250 plants/mu;
forcing figs to enter a dormant state, comprising the following steps:
using a greenhouse as a planting environment, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 28 ℃, cutting off all branches and leaves above the first bud knot of all lateral branches of the fig tree in the period of vigorous growth of the tree in the middle ten days of May each year, watering thoroughly before cutting the tree, and only leaving bald trunks after cutting;
opening all air ports of the greenhouse to keep ventilation, using a sunshade net with a shading rate of 96% outside the greenhouse, only slightly shining in the greenhouse to inhibit the growth of the figs, and forcing the figs to enter a dormant state;
after the fig enters a dormant state, part of fig trees germinate new buds in the period, and bud picking treatment is carried out;
applying the base fertilizer once every 6 months at an application rate of 2 tons/mu;
the method for releasing the dormant state of the figs and controlling the mature of the figs comprises the following steps:
according to the preset mature marketing time, the fig dormancy state is relieved 130 days in advance;
controlling temperature and humidity in a greenhouse, wherein the fig ripens from a new branch for germination to the first batch of fruits, and needs about 130 days, if the fig ripens and comes into the market in 2 months, the fig is forced to sleep in the greenhouse till the beginning of 9 months;
the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be 90 percent;
at the moment, in order to protect the tender leaves of the new tender shoots of the fig from being damaged by high temperature and high ultraviolet rays, a sunshade net with a shading rate of 45 percent is used to keep ventilation;
when the temperature reaches below 17 ℃ at night, removing the sunshade net and starting full-light growth;
the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 30 ℃ in the daytime and 10 ℃ at night, the illumination time is 9 hours each day, and the fig fruits can ripen about 75 days in the environment since the fruits appear;
after the dormancy state of the figs is removed, watering is carried out once every 10 days according to the soil moisture content, and each watering is matched with the balanced water soluble fertilizer;
after the dormant state of the figs is removed, the method further comprises pest control: comprises controlling thrips and controlling leaf spot;
and (3) thrips prevention and treatment: spraying 25% of thiamethoxam 900-fold liquid and 2% of abamectin 1000-fold liquid;
leaf spot disease: spraying 1000 times of 30% carbendazim suspension at the early stage of the disease, and preventing and treating for 2 times every 10 days;
as the white juice of the fig is corrosive, black spots can be formed when the white juice is stained on the surface of the fig, the appearance and the freshness are influenced, so that the scissors are cut from the root of the fruit stem during collection, and the fig is packaged after the white juice of the fig disappears after the scissors are placed for 1.3 hours.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for out-of-season cultivation of figs, which comprises the following steps:
selecting green tangerine peels as fig varieties; selecting robust fig seedlings with annual diameter of more than 2 cm;
the fig tree adopts an X-shaped tree form with a trunk height of 40cm and upright bearing branches;
the fig planting soil is sandy soil, the pH value of the soil is 7.2, the organic matter content of the soil is more than or equal to 1%, and the thickness of a soil layer is 30 cm;
the planting time of the fig trees is 3 months later in spring, and the planting density is 200 plants/mu;
forcing figs to enter a dormant state, comprising the following steps:
using a greenhouse as a planting environment, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 20 ℃, cutting off all branches and leaves above the first bud knot of all lateral branches of the fig tree in the period of vigorous growth of the tree in the middle ten days of May each year, watering thoroughly before cutting the tree, and leaving only bald trunks after cutting;
opening all air ports of the greenhouse to keep ventilation, using a sunshade net with 97% shading rate outside the greenhouse, only slightly shining in the greenhouse to inhibit the growth of the figs, and forcing the figs to enter a dormant state;
after the fig enters a dormant state, part of fig trees germinate new buds in the period, and bud picking treatment is carried out;
applying the base fertilizer once every 6 months at an application rate of 2.5 tons/mu;
the method for releasing the dormant state of the figs and controlling the mature of the figs comprises the following steps:
according to the preset mature marketing time, the dormant state of the figs is relieved 130 days in advance;
controlling the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse, wherein the time from sprouting of new branches of fig fruits to ripening of the first batch of fruits is about 130 days, if the fruits are set to mature and come into the market in 3 months, the forced dormancy in the greenhouse is finished in the beginning of 10 months;
the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be 85 percent;
at the moment, in order to protect the tender leaves of the new tender shoots of the fig from being damaged by high temperature and high ultraviolet rays, a sun-shading net with the shading rate of 40 percent is used to keep ventilation;
when the temperature reaches below 17 ℃ at night, removing the sunshade net and starting full-light growth;
the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 28 ℃ in the daytime, 15 ℃ in the nighttime, and the illumination time is 10.5 hours each day, so that the fig fruits can ripen about 75 days in the environment from fruit development;
after the dormant state of the figs is removed, watering is carried out once every 8 days according to the soil moisture content, and each time of watering is matched with a balanced water soluble fertilizer;
after the dormant state of the figs is removed, the method further comprises pest control: comprises the control of thrips and the control of leaf spot;
prevention and treatment of thrips: spraying 25% thiamethoxam 800-fold liquid and 2% abamectin 850-fold liquid;
leaf spot disease: spraying 900 times of 50% iprodione wettable powder at the early stage of the disease, and preventing and treating for 2 times every 10 days;
the white juice of the fig is corrosive, and black spots are formed when the white juice is stained on the surface of the fig, so that the appearance and the freshness are influenced, therefore, the scissors are cut from the root of the fruit stem during collection, and the fruit stem is placed for 0.8 hour for packaging after the white juice of the fig disappears.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for out-of-season cultivation of figs, which comprises the following steps:
selecting Boji red for the variety of fig; selecting robust fig seedlings with annual diameter of more than 2 cm;
the fig tree adopts a linear tree shape with the trunk height of 40cm and upright bearing branches;
the fig planting soil is selected from loam, the pH value of the soil is 7.6, the organic matter content of the soil is more than or equal to 1%, and the thickness of the soil layer is 40 cm;
the planting time of the fig trees is 3 months later in spring, and the planting density is 280 plants/mu;
forcing figs to enter a dormant state, comprising the following steps:
using a greenhouse as a planting environment, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 25 ℃, cutting off all branches and leaves above the first bud knot of all lateral branches of the fig tree in the period of vigorous growth of the tree in the middle ten days of May each year, watering thoroughly before cutting the tree, and leaving only bald trunks after cutting;
opening all air ports of the greenhouse to keep ventilation, using a sun-shading net with 98% shading rate outside the greenhouse, only slightly shining light in the greenhouse to inhibit the growth of the figs, and forcing the figs to enter a dormant state;
after the fig enters a dormant state, part of fig trees germinate new buds in the period, and bud picking treatment is carried out;
applying the base fertilizer once every 6 months, wherein the application amount is 3 tons/mu;
the method for releasing the dormant state of the figs and controlling the mature of the figs comprises the following steps:
according to the preset mature marketing time, the dormant state of the figs is relieved 130 days in advance;
controlling temperature and humidity in a greenhouse, wherein the fig ripens from a new branch for germination to the first batch of fruits, and needs about 130 days, if the fig ripens and comes into the market in 4 months, the fig is forced to sleep in the greenhouse till the beginning of 11 months;
controlling the humidity in the greenhouse to be 88%;
at the moment, in order to protect the tender leaves of the new shoots and buds of the fig from being damaged by high temperature and high ultraviolet rays, a sun-shading net with the shading rate of 40 percent is used for keeping ventilation;
when the temperature reaches below 17 ℃ at night, removing the sunshade net and starting full-light growth;
the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 26 ℃ in the daytime and 17 ℃ at night, the illumination time is 11.5 hours every day, and the fig fruits can be ripe in the environment for about 75 days from fruit development;
after the dormant state of the figs is removed, watering is carried out once every 9 days according to the soil moisture content, and each time of watering is matched with a balanced water soluble fertilizer;
after the dormant state of the figs is removed, the method further comprises pest control: comprises the control of thrips and the control of leaf spot;
prevention and treatment of thrips: spraying 25% thiamethoxam 850 times liquid and 2% abamectin 900 times liquid;
leaf spot disease: spraying 1000 times of 30% carbendazim suspension at the early stage of the disease, and preventing and treating for 1 time every 10 days;
the white juice of the fig is corrosive, and black spots are formed when the white juice is stained on the surface of the fig, so that the appearance and the freshness are influenced, therefore, the scissors are cut from the root of the fruit stem during collection, and the fig is placed for 1 hour to be packaged after the white juice of the fig disappears.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a method for out-of-season cultivation of figs, which comprises the following steps:
selecting green tangerine peels as fig varieties; selecting robust fig seedlings with annual diameter of more than 2 cm;
the fig tree adopts a linear tree shape with the trunk height of 40cm and upright bearing branches;
the fig planting soil is selected from loam, the pH value of the soil is 7.4, the organic matter content of the soil is more than or equal to 1%, and the thickness of the soil layer is 24 cm;
the planting time of the fig trees is 3 months later in spring, and the planting density is 230 plants/mu;
forcing figs to enter a dormant state, comprising the following steps:
using a greenhouse as a planting environment, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 26 ℃, cutting off all branches and leaves above the first bud knot of all lateral branches of the fig tree in the period of vigorous growth of the tree in the middle ten days of May each year, watering thoroughly before cutting the tree, and leaving only bald trunks after cutting;
opening all air ports of the greenhouse to keep ventilation, using a sunshade net with a shielding rate of 95.5% outside the greenhouse, and only slightly shining in the greenhouse to inhibit the growth of the figs and force the figs to enter a dormant state;
after the fig enters a dormant state, part of fig trees germinate new buds in the period, and bud picking treatment is carried out;
applying the base fertilizer once every 6 months at an application rate of 2.3 tons/mu;
the method for releasing the dormant state of the figs and controlling the mature of the figs comprises the following steps:
according to the preset mature marketing time, the fig dormancy state is relieved 130 days in advance;
controlling temperature and humidity in a greenhouse, wherein the fig ripens from germination, fruiting and new branch to first batch of fruits in about 130 days, if ripening and selling in winter in 1 month, the fig in the greenhouse is forced to sleep until the beginning of 8 months;
the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be 83 percent;
at the moment, in order to protect the tender leaves of the new shoots and buds of the fig from being damaged by high temperature and high ultraviolet rays, a sun-shading net with 35 percent of shading rate is used for keeping ventilation;
when the temperature reaches below 17 ℃ at night, removing the sunshade net and starting full-light growth;
the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 24 ℃ in the daytime and 11 ℃ at night, the illumination time is 9.5 hours each day, and the fig fruits can ripen about 75 days in the environment since the fruits appear;
after the dormant state of the figs is removed, watering is carried out once every 8 days according to the soil moisture content, and each time of watering is matched with a balanced water soluble fertilizer;
after the dormant state of the figs is removed, the method further comprises pest control: comprises controlling thrips and controlling leaf spot;
prevention and treatment of thrips: spraying 25% thiamethoxam 800-fold liquid and 2% abamectin 880-fold liquid;
leaf spot disease: spraying 900 times of 50% iprodione wettable powder at the early stage of the disease, and preventing and treating for 1 time every 10 days;
as the white juice of the fig is corrosive, black spots can be formed when the white juice is stained on the surface of the fig, the appearance and the freshness are influenced, so that the scissors are cut from the root of the fruit stem during collection, and the fig is packaged after the white juice of the fig disappears after the scissors are placed for 1.1 hour.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a method for out-of-season cultivation of figs, which comprises the following steps:
selecting Boji red for the variety of fig; selecting robust fig seedlings with annual diameter of more than 2 cm;
the fig tree adopts an X-shaped tree form with a trunk height of 40cm and upright bearing branches;
the fig planting soil is sandy soil, the pH value of the soil is 7.1, the organic matter content of the soil is more than or equal to 1%, and the thickness of the soil layer is 28 cm;
the planting time of the fig trees is 3 months and the planting density is 300 plants/mu in spring;
forcing figs to enter a dormant state, comprising the following steps:
using a greenhouse as a planting environment, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 18 ℃, cutting off all branches and leaves above the first bud knot of all lateral branches of the fig tree in the period of vigorous growth of the tree in the middle ten days of May each year, watering thoroughly before cutting the tree, and leaving only bald trunks after cutting;
opening all air ports of the greenhouse to keep ventilation, using a sunshade net with a shading rate of 96.5% outside the greenhouse, and only slightly shining in the greenhouse to inhibit the growth of the figs and force the figs to enter a dormant state;
after the fig enters a dormant state, part of fig trees germinate new buds in the period, and bud picking treatment is carried out;
applying the base fertilizer once every 6 months at an application rate of 2.1 tons/mu;
the method for releasing the dormant state of the figs and controlling the figs to mature comprises the following steps:
according to the preset mature marketing time, the dormant state of the figs is relieved 130 days in advance;
controlling the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse, wherein the time from sprouting of new branches of fig fruits to ripening of the first batch of fruits is about 130 days, if the fruits are set to mature and come into the market in 2 months, the forced dormancy in the greenhouse is finished to 9 months;
controlling the humidity in the greenhouse to be 81%;
at the moment, in order to protect the tender leaves of the new tender shoots of the fig from being damaged by high temperature and high ultraviolet rays, a sun-shading net with the shading rate of 41 percent is used to keep ventilation;
when the temperature reaches below 17 ℃ at night, removing the sunshade net and starting full-light growth;
the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 20 ℃ in the daytime and 17 ℃ at night, the illumination time is 8.3 hours each day, and the fig fruits can ripen about 75 days in the environment since the fruits appear;
after the dormant state of the figs is removed, watering is carried out once every 10 days according to the soil moisture content, and each time of watering is matched with a balanced water soluble fertilizer;
after the dormant state of the figs is removed, the method further comprises pest control: comprises the control of thrips and the control of leaf spot;
prevention and treatment of thrips: spraying 25% of thiamethoxam 800-fold liquid and 2% of abamectin 900-fold liquid;
leaf spot disease: spraying 900 times of 30% carbendazim suspension at the early stage of the disease, and preventing and treating for 2 times every 10 days;
the white juice of the fig is corrosive, and black spots are formed when the white juice is stained on the surface of the fig, so that the appearance and the freshness are influenced, therefore, the scissors are cut from the root of the fruit stem during collection, and the fruit stem is placed for 0.6 hour for packaging after the white juice of the fig disappears.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a method for out-of-season cultivation of figs, which comprises the following steps:
selecting Boji red for the variety of fig; selecting robust fig seedlings with annual diameter of more than 2 cm;
the fig tree adopts a linear tree shape with the trunk height of 40cm and upright bearing branches;
the fig planting soil is selected from loam, the pH value of the soil is 7.5, the organic matter content of the soil is more than or equal to 1%, and the thickness of the soil layer is 23 cm;
the planting time of the fig trees is 3 months later in spring, and the planting density is 260 plants/mu;
forcing figs to enter a dormant state, comprising the following steps:
using a greenhouse as a planting environment, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 27 ℃, cutting off all branches and leaves above the first bud knot of all lateral branches of the fig tree in the period of vigorous growth of the tree in the middle ten days of May every year, watering thoroughly before cutting the tree, and only leaving bald trunks after cutting;
opening all air ports of the greenhouse to keep ventilation, using a sunshade net with 97.5% of shielding rate outside the greenhouse, only slightly shining in the greenhouse to inhibit the growth of the figs, and forcing the figs to enter a dormant state;
after the fig enters a dormant state, part of fig trees germinate new buds in the period, and bud picking treatment is carried out;
applying the base fertilizer once every 6 months at the application amount of 1.8 tons/mu;
the method for releasing the dormant state of the figs and controlling the mature of the figs comprises the following steps:
according to the preset mature marketing time, the dormant state of the figs is relieved 130 days in advance;
controlling temperature and humidity in a greenhouse, wherein the fig ripens from a new branch for germination to a first batch of fruits, and needs about 130 days, if the fig ripens and comes into the market in 3 months, the fig is forced to sleep in the greenhouse till the beginning of 10 months;
the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be 86.5 percent;
at the moment, in order to protect the tender leaves of the new tender shoots of the fig from being damaged by high temperature and high ultraviolet rays, a sunshade net with the shielding rate of 32 percent is used to keep ventilation;
when the temperature reaches below 17 ℃ at night, removing the sunshade net and starting full-light growth;
the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 22 ℃ in the daytime, 15 ℃ in the nighttime, and the illumination time is 10.5 hours each day, so that the fig fruits can ripen about 75 days in the environment from fruit development;
after the dormant state of the figs is removed, watering is carried out once every 9 days according to the soil moisture content, and each time of watering is matched with a balanced water soluble fertilizer;
after the dormant state of the figs is removed, the method further comprises pest control: comprises controlling thrips and controlling leaf spot;
prevention and treatment of thrips: spraying 25% of thiamethoxam 1000-fold liquid and 2% of abamectin 800-fold liquid;
leaf spot disease: spraying 1000 times of 50% iprodione wettable powder solution at the early stage of the disease, and preventing and treating for 1 time every 10 days;
the white juice of the fig is corrosive, and black spots are formed when the white juice is stained on the surface of the fig, so that the appearance and the freshness are influenced, therefore, the scissors are cut from the root of the fruit stem in the collection process, and the white juice is packaged after being placed for 1.3 hours until the white juice of the fig disappears.
Example 8
The embodiment provides a method for out-of-season cultivation of figs, which comprises the following steps:
selecting green tangerine peels as fig varieties; selecting robust fig seedlings with annual diameter of more than 2 cm;
the fig tree adopts an X-shaped tree form with a trunk height of 40cm and upright bearing branches;
the fig planting soil is sandy soil, the pH value of the soil is 7.3, the organic matter content of the soil is more than or equal to 1%, and the thickness of the soil layer is 23 cm;
the planting time of the fig trees is 3 months later in spring, and the planting density is 240 plants/mu;
forcing figs to enter a dormant state, comprising the following steps:
using a greenhouse as a planting environment, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 21 ℃, cutting off all branches and leaves above the first bud nodes of all lateral branches of the fig tree in the vigorous tree vigor period in the middle ten days of May every year, watering thoroughly before cutting the tree, and only leaving bare bald trunks after cutting;
opening all air ports of the greenhouse to keep ventilation, using a sunshade net with 97.5% of shielding rate outside the greenhouse, only slightly shining in the greenhouse to inhibit the growth of the figs, and forcing the figs to enter a dormant state;
after the fig enters a dormant state, part of fig trees germinate new buds in the period, and bud picking treatment is carried out;
applying the base fertilizer once every 6 months, wherein the application amount is 1.7 tons/mu;
the method for releasing the dormant state of the figs and controlling the mature of the figs comprises the following steps:
according to the preset mature marketing time, the dormant state of the figs is relieved 130 days in advance;
controlling the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouse, wherein the time from sprouting of new branches of fig fruits to ripening of the first batch of fruits is about 130 days, if the fruits are set to mature and come into the market in 4 months, the forced dormancy in the greenhouse is finished to 11 months;
the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be 89%;
at the moment, in order to protect the tender leaves of the new tender shoots of the fig from being damaged by high temperature and high ultraviolet rays, a sunshade net with 48 percent of shielding rate is used to keep ventilation;
when the temperature reaches below 17 ℃ at night, removing the sunshade net and starting full-light growth;
the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be 31 ℃ in the daytime, 15.8 ℃ in the nighttime, the illumination time is 8.3 hours each day, and the fig fruits can ripen about 75 days in the environment since the fruits appear;
after the dormant state of the figs is removed, watering is carried out once every 7 days according to the soil moisture content, and each time of watering is matched with a balanced water soluble fertilizer;
after the dormant state of the figs is removed, the method further comprises pest control: comprises controlling thrips and controlling leaf spot;
prevention and treatment of thrips: spraying 25% of thiamethoxam 800-fold liquid and 2% of abamectin 1000-fold liquid;
leaf spot disease: spraying 900 times of 50% iprodione wettable powder at the beginning of the disease, and preventing and treating for 2 times every 7 days;
the white juice of the fig is corrosive, and black spots are formed when the white juice is stained on the surface of the fig, so that the appearance and the freshness are influenced, therefore, the scissors are cut from the root of the fruit stem during collection, and the fig is placed for 1 hour to be packaged after the white juice of the fig disappears.
By adopting the method for out-of-season cultivation of figs in embodiments 1-8, figs can be picked in 1 to 4 months, and the yield is 5000-7000 jin/mu; the content of soluble solids in the collected figs is more than or equal to 20 percent, the acidity is less than or equal to 0.3 percent, the fruits are in a reverse cone shape, the ripe fruits have light yellow green peels, light purple pulps, obvious fruit ribs, high fruit peel toughness, more fruit juice, sweet flavor, soft mouthfeel and sweet but not greasy taste.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for out-of-season cultivation of figs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
forcing figs to enter a dormant state, comprising the following steps:
using a greenhouse as a planting environment, cutting off all branches and leaves above a first bud knot of all lateral branches of the fig tree in a period of vigorous vigor of the tree, and only leaving a bald trunk;
keeping ventilation, and using a sun-shading device with a shading rate of more than 95% outside the greenhouse to inhibit the growth of the figs and force the figs to enter a dormant state; in the step of forcing the figs to enter the dormant state, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 15-28 ℃; after the fig enters a dormant state, part of fig trees germinate new buds in the period, and bud picking treatment is carried out;
the method for releasing the dormant state of the figs and controlling the mature of the figs comprises the following steps:
keeping ventilation, and using a sun-shading device with a shading rate of below 50% outside the greenhouse;
when the temperature reaches below 17 ℃ at night, removing the sun-shading device and starting full-light growth;
the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled below 32 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature at night is controlled above 8 ℃, and the illumination time is not less than 8 hours every day; in the step of removing the dormant state of the fig, the humidity in the greenhouse is controlled to be 80-90%; and (3) after the dormant state of the figs is removed, watering is carried out once every 7-10 days according to the soil moisture content, and the balanced water soluble fertilizer is matched with each watering.
2. The method of out-of-season cultivation of figs according to claim 1, wherein said fig variety is selected from green tangerine orange peel or boji red; robust fig seedlings with annual diameter of more than 2cm are selected as the fig seedlings.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said fig tree is in a straight or X-tree form with a trunk height of 40cm and upright fruit branches.
4. The method for out-of-season cultivation of figs according to claim 1, wherein the fig planting soil is selected from sandy soil or loam, the pH value of the soil is 6.5-8.1, the organic matter content of the soil is more than or equal to 1%, and the thickness of the soil layer is more than or equal to 20 cm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the harvested Ficus carica has a soluble solids content of 20% or more and an acidity of 0.3% or less.
6. The method for out-of-season cultivation of figs according to claim 1,
after the dormant state of the figs is removed, the method further comprises pest control:
prevention and treatment of thrips: spraying 25% of thiamethoxam 800-fold liquid and 2% of abamectin 800-fold liquid;
and (3) preventing and treating leaf spot disease: 50% iprodione wettable powder 900-times liquid is sprayed at the early stage of the disease, and the liquid is once every 7-10 days for preventing and treating for 1-2 times.
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| USPP20038P3 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2009-05-26 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Fig Tree Named ‘Sequoia’ |
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| EP1043551A2 (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-10-11 | Mayekawa Mfg Co.Ltd. | Vapor jet refrigerating and heat pumping apparatus for a ship |
| CN1631095A (en) * | 2005-01-06 | 2005-06-29 | 裴学魁 | Season-opposite culture method of peach |
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