CN112586151A

CN112586151A - Orchard fertilizer mixed application leveling machine

Info

Publication number: CN112586151A
Application number: CN202011565813.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 秦春林; 陈文杰; 刘强德; 秦普; 马彦; 李继平
Original assignee: Jingning Huamei Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Co ltd; INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY AND INFORMATION GANSU ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Current assignee: Jingning Huamei Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Co ltd; INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY AND INFORMATION GANSU ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Priority date: 2020-12-25
Filing date: 2020-12-25
Publication date: 2021-04-02
Anticipated expiration: 2040-12-25
Also published as: CN112586151B

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an orchard fertilizer mixed application leveling machine, which comprises: the soil-turning plough, the organic fertilizer box, the fertilizer conveying auger, the fertilizer mixing flow divider, the soil and fertilizer mixing wheel, the soil and fertilizer backfilling mechanism and the surface soil backfilling mechanism. The mixed fertilizer applying and leveling machine for the orchard, provided by the invention, can be used for fully mixing the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer, uniformly scattering the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer in the soil with two turned sides, further mixing the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer with the soil through the mixing mechanism, backfilling the soil with the mixed fertilizer at the upper part into the ditch by using the soil fertilizer backfilling mechanism, and further backfilling and leveling the soil on the upper part of the earth surface and without the mixed fertilizer by using the surface soil backfilling mechanism.

Description

Orchard fertilizer mixed application leveling machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a mixed fertilizer applying and leveling machine for an orchard.

Background

In modern orchard fertilization, deep and even digging is the basic rule of orchard fertilization operation. However, most of the existing orchard fertilizing machines only have the functions of ditching and fertilizing but not stirring, so that the applied fertilizer cannot be effectively and uniformly stirred with soil, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is directly influenced, and even fertilizer accidents such as root burning and root rotting are very easy to happen. In the modern ecological orchard fertilization management, the fertilizer is mainly changed into the organic fertilizer. Fertilizers provide nutrition, and organic fertilizer ecological regulation is a common recognition. In the application of the organic fertilizer, the problem that the hydration of the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer causes moisture absorption and agglomeration, so that the flowability is poor and the organic fertilizer is difficult to apply. It is known that any fertilizer is absorbed by crops after decomposing and transforming through biochemical reaction with soil, and diffusion and mass flow are necessary conditions for nutrient absorption of crops. Therefore, as an orchard fertilizing machine, the fertilizer is at least the function of the fertilizing machine to ensure the uniformity of fertilizer flowing and applying and the uniformity of fertilizer distribution in soil during the fertilizing process.

Since the fertilizer is generally applied by broadcasting, the fertilizer can only stay on the soil surface or be buried in the soil by ploughing, but neither the former nor the latter can achieve uniform mixing and be buried in the soil, and the fertilizer cannot exert the maximum effect.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above technical problems, the embodiment of the invention provides an orchard fertilizer mixed application leveling machine, which solves the problems that fertilizer mixed application, soil mixing and leveling after backfilling cannot be performed in the prior art.

An orchard fertilizer is thoughtlessly executed evener includes: soil plough, organic fertilizer case, chemical fertilizer workbin, chemical fertilizer carry auger, fertilizer mix shunt, soil fertilizer mixing wheel, soil fertilizer backfill mechanism, surface soil backfill mechanism, wherein:

the soil turning plow is used for turning the soil to two sides and ditching at the same time;

the fertilizer box conveys the fertilizer to a mixing hopper of the fertilizer mixing splitter by a fertilizer conveying auger, and an outlet at the lower part of the organic fertilizer box is arranged above the mixing hopper;

the fertilizer mixing flow divider comprises a mixing hopper, a mixing channel and a flow dividing port, wherein the mixing channel is cylindrical, turbine blades are arranged in the mixing channel, the turbine blades are matched with the inner diameter of the mixing channel, the flow dividing port divides the fertilizer to two sides, an A-shaped flow dividing plate is arranged in the flow dividing port, and a rotating shaft of each turbine blade is fixedly arranged on the flow dividing plate;

the soil and fertilizer mixing wheel is provided with two groups, the two groups of soil and fertilizer mixing wheels correspond to the positions under the two outlets of the diversion port, the forward direction of the soil turning plough is taken as the front direction, the soil and fertilizer mixing wheel is provided with a wheel hub of a steel cylinder, more than two rows of blades which are arranged in opposite V-shaped and non-intersecting directions are arranged on the wheel hub, the V angle is the same as the forward direction, and the blades are higher than the ground surface;

the soil and fertilizer backfilling mechanism is arranged behind the soil and fertilizer mixing wheel and comprises two first soil collecting plates which are arranged on two sides and contract in a V shape and two first soil leveling impellers which are positioned between the first soil collecting plates and are arranged in a crossed mode, the first soil leveling impellers are arranged behind the first soil collecting plates, blades of the first soil leveling impellers are arranged in a staggered mode and rotate oppositely to enable soil collected by the first soil collecting plates inwards to be between the two first soil collecting plates, and the first soil collecting plates and the first soil leveling impellers are 1-5 cm higher than the ground surface and equal to the heights of the impellers of the soil and fertilizer mixing wheel;

the surface soil backfilling mechanism is arranged behind the soil fertilizer backfilling mechanism and comprises two second soil collecting plates which are arranged on two sides and contract in a V shape and two second soil leveling impellers which are located between the second soil collecting plates and are arranged in a crossed mode, the second soil leveling impellers are arranged behind the second soil collecting plates, blades of the second soil leveling impellers are arranged in a staggered mode and rotate oppositely so that soil collected by the second soil collecting plates towards the inner side is located between the two second soil collecting plates, and the second soil collecting plates and the second soil leveling impellers are level with the ground surface.

The vertical soil separating plate is arranged between two adjacent rows of blades on the soil and fertilizer mixing impeller, is arranged on the rack and is fixed, and is used for cutting off soil hung between the blades to make the soil fall rather than be stuck on the blades.

The included angle between the first soil collecting plates is 60-90 degrees, one end of each first soil collecting plate is rotatably connected to the cross beam, and the other end of each first soil collecting plate is connected to the cross beam through a telescopic adjusting mechanism.

The telescopic adjusting mechanism can be two screw rods and a rib sleeve connected between the screw rods.

The soil turning plough, the organic fertilizer box, the fertilizer conveying auger, the fertilizer mixing flow divider, the soil and fertilizer mixing wheel, the soil and fertilizer backfilling mechanism and the surface soil backfilling mechanism are all fixed on the frame.

The soil and fertilizer mixing wheel is used for driving the soil turning plough to rotate, and the soil and fertilizer mixing wheel is used for conveying fertilizer to the auger.

The wheel shaft of the soil and fertilizer mixing wheel is fixedly connected to the frame, and the traveling speed of the soil and fertilizer mixing wheel is equal to the advancing speed of the soil turning plough.

The mixed fertilizer applying and leveling machine for the orchard, provided by the invention, can be used for fully mixing the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer, uniformly scattering the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer in the soil with two turned sides, further mixing the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer with the soil through the mixing mechanism, backfilling the soil with the mixed fertilizer at the upper part into the ditch by using the soil fertilizer backfilling mechanism, and further backfilling and leveling the soil on the upper part of the earth surface and without the mixed fertilizer by using the surface soil backfilling mechanism.

Its technical advantages and beneficial effects include at least: the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer can be fully mixed and then mixed with the soil, and the soil mixed with the fertilizer is re-buried in the soil layer, so that the soil is prevented from being exposed on the ground surface, and the fertilizer efficiency is better exerted; the gravity of the fertilizer is utilized to drive the turbine blades, and the rotation of the turbine blades promotes the fertilizer to be uniformly scattered on two sides of the flow distribution plate, so that the uniform flow distribution effect is realized without consuming power; the blades arranged on the soil and fertilizer mixing wheel can cut soil blocks, so that the fertilizer and the soil are uniformly mixed, and the soil and fertilizer mixing wheel only fixes a wheel shaft on the rack without a power transmission mechanism and can automatically move forward along with the rack; the soil fertilizer backfilling mechanism can backfill the soil with the mixed fertilizer into the ditch, and then utilize the surface soil backfilling mechanism to backfill and level the soil without the fertilizer, so that the fertilizer is uniformly mixed and buried in the soil, the fertilizer cannot be exposed on the ground surface, and the fertility is more effectively exerted.

Drawings

The invention may be better understood from the following description of specific embodiments thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like or similar reference characters refer to the same or similar parts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an orchard fertilizer mixed application leveling machine provided by an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fertilizer mixing diverter.

Fig. 3 is a side view of the soil and fertilizer mixing wheel.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil fertilizer backfilling mechanism.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the first soil leveling impeller in contact with soil.

In the figure:

10. a soil turning plow;

20. an organic fertilizer can;

30. a fertilizer bin;

40. a chemical fertilizer conveying auger;

50. a fertilizer mixing diverter; 51. a mixing hopper; 52. a mixing channel; 53. a shunt port; 54. a turbine blade; 55. flow distribution plate

60. A soil fertilizer mixing wheel; 61. a blade;

70. a soil fertilizer backfilling mechanism; 71. a first subsoil impeller; 72. a first soil collecting plate;

80. surface soil backfilling mechanism.

Detailed Description

Features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention by illustrating examples of the present invention. The present invention is in no way limited to any specific configuration and algorithm set forth below, but rather covers any modification, replacement or improvement of elements, components or algorithms without departing from the spirit of the invention. In the following description, well-known structures and techniques are not shown in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.

Example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art.

Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the invention may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, and so forth. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, an orchard fertilizer mixed application leveling machine includes: the soil turning plough 10, the organic fertilizer box 20, the fertilizer box 30, the fertilizer conveying auger 40, the fertilizer mixing flow divider 50, the soil and fertilizer mixing wheel 60, the soil and fertilizer backfilling mechanism 70 and the surface soil backfilling mechanism 80, wherein:

the soil turning plow 10 is used for turning the soil to two sides and ditching at the same time;

the fertilizer box 30 conveys the fertilizer to the mixing hopper of the fertilizer mixing splitter 50 through the fertilizer conveying auger 40, and the outlet at the lower part of the organic fertilizer box 20 is arranged above the mixing hopper;

the fertilizer mixing flow divider 50 comprises a mixing hopper 51, a mixing channel 52 and a flow dividing port 53, wherein the mixing channel 52 is cylindrical, turbine blades 54 are arranged in the mixing channel 52, the turbine blades 54 are matched with the inner diameter of the mixing channel 52, the flow dividing port 53 divides flow towards two sides, an A-shaped flow dividing plate 55 is arranged in the flow dividing port 53, and a rotating shaft of the turbine blades 54 is fixedly arranged on the flow dividing plate 55; firstly, the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer are mixed through the turbine blades 54, and then are shunted to two sides through the shunting plate 55 after being mixed, so that the problems of insufficient mixing and nonuniform shunting are solved;

the soil and fertilizer mixing wheels 60 are provided with two groups, correspond to the positions under the two outlets of the diversion port 53, and take the advancing direction of the plough 10 as the front, the soil and fertilizer mixing wheels are provided with hubs of steel cylinders, the hubs are provided with more than two rows of blades which are arranged in opposite V-shaped and non-intersecting directions, the V angle is the same as the advancing direction (the V angle on the upper surface of the hub points to the same direction as the advancing direction of the leveling machine), and the blades 61 are higher than the ground surface; the fertilizer after being shunted flows out of the shunting port and then falls between the blades on the hub, and along with the advance of the hub, the fertilizer falls on the newly-opened wet soil from the middle position in front of the hub between the blades under the action of gravity without scattering to two sides (due to the existence of the V-shaped angle, the fertilizer can be guided by the blades to gather together towards the middle instead of scattering); since the blades are higher than the ground surface, the blades only mix the soil on the upper part of the ground surface with the fertilizer without damaging the ground surface in the process of the soil and fertilizer mixing wheel 60 walking;

the soil and fertilizer backfilling mechanism 70 is arranged behind the soil and fertilizer mixing wheel and comprises two first soil collecting plates 72 which are arranged on two sides and contract in a V shape and two first soil impellers 71 which are arranged between the first soil collecting plates 72 and are arranged in a crossed mode, the first soil impellers 71 are arranged behind the first soil collecting plates 72, blades of the first soil impellers 71 are arranged in a staggered mode and rotate oppositely to enable soil collected by the first soil collecting plates 72 inwards to be between the two first soil collecting plates 72, the first soil collecting plates 72 and the first soil impellers 71 are 1-5 cm higher than the ground surface and equal to the impeller height of the soil and fertilizer mixing wheel, and therefore the soil and fertilizer mixture after being mixed by the soil and fertilizer mixing wheel is guaranteed to be backfilled into ditches preferentially and fully; the first soil leveling impellers are driven by a power device, the two first soil leveling impellers are in transmission through the gears which are meshed with each other, and then are connected with a power mechanism through a chain wheel, a belt wheel, a speed reducer and the like, the transmission can be realized by adopting conventional transmission, and in the embodiment, the belt wheel can be arranged on a wheel shaft of one first soil leveling impeller to realize the transmission with the power mechanism in a long distance; the first soil leveling impellers 71 are arranged in a crossed manner, so that the soil distribution between the two first soil leveling impellers is more uniform, and when the soil on one side is too much, the soil on the side can be transferred to the other side through the crossed part, so that the uniform distribution effect is achieved.

The surface soil backfilling mechanism 80 is arranged behind the soil fertilizer backfilling mechanism and comprises two second soil collecting plates which are arranged on two sides and contract in a V shape and two second soil flat impellers which are positioned between the second soil collecting plates and are arranged in a crossed mode, the second soil flat impellers are arranged behind the second soil collecting plates, blades of the second soil flat impellers are arranged in a staggered mode and rotate oppositely to enable soil collected by the second soil collecting plates inwards to be between the two second soil collecting plates, and the second soil collecting plates and the second soil flat impellers are level to the ground surface; the structure of the top soil backfilling mechanism 80 is designed with reference to the soil fertilizer backfilling mechanism 70, the difference between the front and back positions and the height from the ground surface is different, certainly, the effect caused by the difference is different, the soil surface after top soil backfilling is restored to the leveling state before fertilization, the difference is that the soil fully mixed with the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer is buried in the soil again, the soil on the surface layer basically keeps the original shape, and new soil is placed on the ground surface as little as possible, so that the soil moisture loss is reduced.

Through the dual backfilling design of the soil fertilizer backfilling mechanism 70 and the surface soil backfilling mechanism 80, the backfilling process is more reasonable, and leveling in the backfilling process can be guaranteed, so that a foundation is laid for next plowing.

A vertical soil separating plate 62 is arranged between two adjacent rows of blades 61 on the soil and fertilizer mixing impeller, is arranged on the frame and is fixed, and is used for cutting off soil hung between the blades 61 to make the soil fall rather than be stuck on the blades.

The included angle between the first soil collecting plates is 60-90 degrees, one end of the first soil collecting plate 72 is rotatably connected to the cross beam 74, and the other end of the first soil collecting plate is connected to the cross beam through a telescopic adjusting mechanism 73.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive. Different features which are present in different embodiments may be combined to advantage. Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art upon studying the specification and the claims. In the claims, the term "comprising" does not exclude other means or steps; the indefinite article "a" does not exclude a plurality; the terms "first" and "second" are used to denote a name and not to denote any particular order.

Claims

1. An orchard fertilizer is thoughtlessly executed evener includes: native plough (10), organic fertilizer case (20), fertilizer case (30), chemical fertilizer carry auger (40), fertilizer mix shunt (50), soil fertilizer mixing wheel (60), soil fertilizer backfill mechanism (70), surface soil backfill mechanism (80), wherein:

the soil turning plow (10) is used for turning the soil to two sides and ditching simultaneously;

the fertilizer box (30) conveys the fertilizer to a mixing hopper of the fertilizer mixing splitter (50) through a fertilizer conveying auger (40), and an outlet at the lower part of the organic fertilizer box (20) is arranged above the mixing hopper;

the fertilizer mixing flow divider (50) comprises a mixing hopper (51), a mixing channel (52) and a flow dividing port (53), wherein the mixing channel (52) is cylindrical, turbine blades (54) are arranged in the mixing channel (52), the turbine blades (54) are matched with the inner diameter of the mixing channel (52), the flow dividing port (53) divides flow towards two sides, an A-shaped flow dividing plate (55) is arranged in the flow dividing port (53), and a rotating shaft of each turbine blade (54) is fixedly installed on the flow dividing plate (55);

the soil and fertilizer mixing wheels (60) are provided with two groups, correspond to the positions under the two outlets of the flow dividing port (53), and take the advancing direction of the soil turning plough (10) as the front, the soil and fertilizer mixing wheels are provided with hubs of steel cylinders, the hubs are provided with more than two rows of blades which are arranged in opposite directions and are V-shaped and do not intersect, the V angle is the same as the advancing direction, and the blades are higher than the ground surface;

the soil and fertilizer backfilling mechanism (70) is arranged behind the soil and fertilizer mixing wheel and comprises two first soil collecting plates (72) which are arranged on two sides and contract in a V shape and two first soil leveling impellers (71) which are arranged between the first soil collecting plates (72) and are arranged in a crossed mode, the first soil leveling impellers (71) are arranged behind the first soil collecting plates (72), blades of the first soil leveling impellers (71) are arranged in a staggered mode and rotate oppositely to enable soil collected by the first soil collecting plates (72) inwards to be between the two first soil collecting plates (72), and the first soil collecting plates (72) and the first soil leveling impellers (71) are 1-5 cm higher than the ground surface and equal to the impeller height of the soil and fertilizer mixing wheel (60);

the surface soil backfilling mechanism (80) is arranged behind the soil fertilizer backfilling mechanism and comprises two second soil collecting plates which are arranged on two sides and contract in a V shape and two second soil leveling impellers which are located between the second soil collecting plates and are arranged in a crossed mode, the second soil leveling impellers are arranged behind the second soil collecting plates, blades of the second soil leveling impellers are arranged in a staggered mode and rotate oppositely to collect soil between the two second soil collecting plates, the second soil collecting plates are collected inwards, and the second soil collecting plates and the second soil leveling impellers are level to the ground surface.

2. An orchard fertilizer application planer as defined in claim 1,

3. An orchard fertilizer application planer as defined in claim 1,

4. An orchard fertilizer application planer as defined in claim 1,

5. An orchard fertilizer application planer as defined in claim 1,

6. An orchard fertilizer application planer as defined in claim 1,

7. An orchard fertilizer application planer as defined in claim 1,