CN112574182B - 雷公藤大环多胺生物碱有效部位及其制备方法 - Google Patents
雷公藤大环多胺生物碱有效部位及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及中药及天然药物领域,公开了一种雷公藤大环多胺生物碱有效部位及其制备方法。有效部位含有celacarfurine、celafurine、celabenzine和celacinnine四种大环多胺生物碱,大环多胺生物碱含量≥80.8%,可用于制备抗炎等药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药和天然药物领域,涉及一种雷公藤大环多胺生物碱有效部位及其制备方法。
背景技术
雷公藤( Tripteryginum Wilfordii Hook. F) 为卫矛科雷公藤属植物,据《全国中草药汇编》记载,雷公藤味苦、性辛、凉,有大毒。具有祛风,解毒,杀虫作用。外用治风湿性关节炎,皮肤发痒,杀蛆虫、孑孓,灭钉螺,毒鼠。临床常用于治疗类风湿性关节炎、慢性肾炎、红斑狼疮等难治性免疫功能亢进疾病。目前报道的雷公藤的主要化学成分有二萜、三萜和生物碱类等成分,生物碱类成分主要包括倍半萜生物碱和大环多胺生物碱两类,其中倍半萜类生物碱占绝大多数(超过150个),大环多胺类生物碱报道极少(4个)(文献:刘莉,闫君,舒积成,刘建群.雷公藤生物碱类成分及其药理活性研究进展[J].天然产物研究与开发,2019,31(12):2170-2181.)。据文献报道,大环多胺生物碱具有抗寄生虫锥虫、质粒DNA断裂和抗肿瘤等作用(Hamilton, Chris J.; Saravanamuthu, Ahilan; Poupat,Christiane; Fairlamb, Alan H.; Eggleston, Ian M.. Time-dependent inhibitorsof trypanothione reductase: Analogues of the spermidine alkaloid lunarine andrelated natural products. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2006; 14(7):2266-2278.)。发明人从雷公藤中分离鉴定了抗炎作用大环多胺生物碱celacarfurine(专利CN111484485A)。为雷公藤大环多胺生物碱的进一步研究开发应用,发明人研究了雷公藤大环多胺生物碱有效部位及其制备方法。本发明首次公开了一种高效率富集、制备高含量雷公藤大环多胺生物碱有效部位的方法。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供一种高效率富集、制备高含量雷公藤大环多胺生物碱有效部位的方法,该雷公藤大环多胺生物碱有效部位可用于制备抗炎等药物。
经HPLC检测以及NMR和MS等波谱鉴定,本发明所制备的雷公藤大环多胺生物碱有效部位至少含有celacarfurine(A),celafurine(B),celabenzine(C)和celacinnine(D)(结构见式Ⅰ~Ⅳ)四种大环多胺生物碱,这四种大环多胺生物碱含量比为A:B:C:D= 10:(404~598):(95~143):(55~82),含量加和达80.8%以上,即大环多胺生物碱有效部位含量达80.8%以上,符合中药有效部位含量50%以上的技术要求。
本发明通过下述技术方案来实现。
一、提取分离
将雷公藤根切片,加入95%乙醇水溶液,加热回流提取3次,合并提取液,减压浓缩回收乙醇得到总浸膏。将总浸膏用乙酸乙酯溶解数次至不再溶解,得乙酸乙酯溶解部位和乙酸乙酯不溶部位。将乙酸乙酯不溶部位置于2%H2SO4水溶液中,充分搅拌溶解,过滤得到滤液和硫酸不溶浸膏。在滤液中加入氨水中和滤液至pH 10,再用等体积的乙酸乙酯萃取3次,减压浓缩回收乙酸乙酯得大环多胺生物碱粗品,经HPLC检测,大环多胺生物碱含量达51.9%以上。将大环多胺生物碱粗品用硅胶柱层析精制,先用二氯甲烷洗脱,弃去二氯甲烷洗脱液,再用二氯甲烷-甲醇混合溶剂(V:V=20:1)洗脱,收集二氯甲烷-甲醇洗脱液,减压浓缩蒸去混合溶剂,即得大环多胺生物碱有效部位,经HPLC检测,含量达80.8%以上。
二、大环多胺生物碱含量测定
大环多胺生物碱对照品:celacarfurine(A),celafurine(B),celabenzine(C)和celacinnine(D)以上对照品均为发明人从雷公藤中分离制得;对照品纯度经HPLC检测大于98%;结构(见式Ⅰ~Ⅳ)经核磁共振谱、质谱、红外和紫外光谱等波谱鉴定,波谱数据与文献基本一致,如下。
celacarfurine(A):淡黄色固体(溶剂氯仿),根据高分辨质谱(HR-TOF-MS)确定分子式为C21H25N3O4 ([M+H]+,实测值:m/z 384.1919,理论计算值:m/z 384.1918;[M+HCOO]-,实测值:m/z 428.1825,理论计算值:m/z 428.1827)。1H NMR (600MHz, CD3OD),δ H:Spermidine unit:5.57 (1H, m, H-2), 3.45 (1H, t, J=12.5, H-3a) , 2.41 (1H, t,J=10.8, H-3b) , 3.46 (1H, m, H-6a) , 3.05 (1H, m, H-6b) , 3.49 (1H, m, H-7a), 2.67 (1H, m, H-7b) , 3.51 (1H, m, H-8a) , 2.82 (1H, m, H-8b) , 3.68 (1H, m,H-10a) , 2.90 (1H, m, H-10b) , 2.09 (1H, m, H-11a) , 1.55 (1H, m, H-11b) ,3.73 (1H, m, H-12a) , 2.67 (1H, m, H-12b), Phenyl unit:7.52 (2H, dd, J=8.0,1.8, H-2’, 6’) , 7.32 -7.36(2H, m, H-3’, 5’) , 7.32 -7.36(1H, m, H-4’) ,Furoyl unit:8.02 (1H, s, H-3’’) , 7.73 (1H, br.s, H-5’’) , 6.66 (1H, br.s, H-6’’)。13C NMR (150MHz, CD3OD) ,δC: Spermidine unit: 73.65 (C-2), 38.81 (C-3),169.33 (C-4), 44.43 (C-6), 36.11 (C-7), 46.54 (C-8), 41.16 (C-10), 26.53 (C-11), 43.35 (C-12), 169.25 (C-13) ,Phenyl unit:δC: 137.28 (C-1’), 127.66 (C-2’), 128.20 (C-3’), 128.38 (C-4’), 128.20 (C-5’), 127.66 (C-6’),Furoyl unit:δC: 163.41 (C-1’’), 121.14 (C-2’’), 142.92 (C-3’’), 143.33 (C-5’’), 110.50(C-6’’)。波谱数据与文献(专利CN111484485A)一致。
celafurine(B):白色针晶(甲醇)根据高分辨质谱(HR-TOF-MS)确定分子式为C21H27N3O3([M+H]+,实测值:m/z 370.2141,理论计算值:m/z 370.2125;1H NMR(600MHz,CD3OD),δH:Spermidine unit: 3.89–4.01 (1H,m,H-2), 2.53–2.68 (1H,m,H-3a), 2.25–2.36 (1H,m,H-3b), 3.58–3.68 (1H,m,H-6a), 3.41–3.58 (1H,m,H-6b), 1.87–2.09(2H,m,H-7), 3.31–3.41 (1H,m,H-8a), 2.90–3.13 (1H,m,H-8b), 3.35–3.60 (2H,m,H-10), 1.72–1.86 (1H,m,H-11a), 1.56–1.72 (1H,m,H-11b), 1.33–1.56 (2H,m,H-12) ,2.36–2.49 (2H,m,H-13)。 Phenyl unit: 7.30(2H,d,J=7.4Hz,H-2’,6’),7.33(2H,dd,J=7.4, 7.0Hz,H-3’,5’),7.23(1H,m,H-4’),Furoyl unit:7.87(1H,s,H-3’’),7.57(1H,m,H-5’’),6.64(1H,m,H-6’’)。 13C NMR(150MHz,CD3OD),δC:Spermidine unit:62.14(C-2),37.70(C-3),175.12(C-4),44.23(C-6),25.66(C-7),45.85(C-8),46.78(C-10),25.09(C-11),28.73(C-12),46.41(C-13),Phenyl unit:144.52(C-1’),127.42(C-2’),129.70(C-3’),122.36(C-4’),129.70(C-5’),127.42(C-6’),Furoyl unit:166.74(C-1’’),129.70(C-2’’),144.80(C-3’’),144.63(C-5’’),111.01(C-6’’)。
celabenzine(C):白色方晶(溶剂甲醇),根据高分辨质谱(HR-TOF-MS)确定分子式为C23H29N3O2([M+H]+,实测值:m/z 380.2320,理论计算值:m/z380.2333;1H NMR(600MHz,CD3OD),δH:Spermidine unit:3.94(1H,m,H-2),2.53(1H,dd,J=11.9,4.6Hz,H-3a), 2.20–2.29 (1H,m,H-3b), 3.05–3.73 (6H,m,H-6,8,10), 1.83–1.94 (2H,m,H-7), 2.05–2.15(1H,m,H-11a), 1.60-1.72 (1H,m,H-11b) , 1.19–1.34 (2H,m,H-12), 2.35–2.47 (2H,m,H-13),Phenyl unit: 7.26–7.34 (4H,m,H-2’,3’,5’,6’), 7.19–7.26 (1H,m,H-4’),Benzoyl unit: 7.40–7.50 (3H,m,H-3’’,5’’,7’’), 7.34–7.39 (2H,m,H-4’’,6’’)。13CNMR(150MHz,CD3OD),δC:Spermidine unit:62.04(C-2),37.68(C-3),175.11(C-4),43.73(C-6),25.33(C-7),45.73(C-8),46.78(C-10),25.10(C-11),28.78(C-12),46.60(C-13),Phenyl unit:144.78(C-1’),127.42(C-2’),129.68(C-3’),127.25(C-4’),129.68(C-5’),127.42(C-6’),Benzoyl unit:173.87(C-1’’),137.90(C-2’’),127.25(C-3’’),129.68(C-4’’),130.67(C-5’’),129.68(C-6’’),127.25(C-7’’)。
celacinnine(D):白色针晶(溶剂甲醇),根据高分辨质谱(HR-TOF-MS)确定分子式为C25H31N3O2([M+H]+,实测值:m/z406.2488,理论计算值:m/z406.2489;1H NMR(600MHz,CD3OD),δH: Spermidine unit:3.95(1H,m,H-2) ,2.60(1H,dd,J=16.1,8.3,H-3a) ,2.29(1H,dd,J=16.1, 6.7Hz,H-3b), 3.55–3.70 (2H,m,H-6) , 1.33–2.10 (6H,m,H-7,11,12), 3.33–3.40 (1H,m,H-8a), 3.01–3.14 (1H,m,H-8b), 3.44–3.55 (2H,m,H-10),2.35–2.45 (2H,m,H-13),Phenyl unit: 7.28–7.46 (4H,m,H-2’,3’,5’,6’),7.24(1H,t,J=7.1Hz,H-4’),Cinnamoyl unit:7.04(1H,d,J=15.4Hz,H-2’’) , 7.55–7.67 (3H,m,H-3’’,5’’,9’’), 7.28–7.46 (3H,m,H-6’’,7’’,8’’)。13C NMR(150MHz,CD3OD),δC:Spermidine unit:62.33(C-2),37.67(C-3),175.06(C-4),44.54(C-6),26.88(C-7),46.71(C-8),47.98(C-10),25.23(C-11),29.12(C-12),46.78(C-13),Phenyl unit:143.81(C-1’),129.02(C-2’),129.70(C-3’),128.23(C-4’),129.70(C-5’),129.02(C-6’),Cinnamoyl unit:168.29(C-1’’),118.49(C-2’’),144.79(C-3’’),136.53(C-4’’),127.43(C-5’’),129.70(C-6’’),129.02(C-7’’),129.70(C-8’’),127.43(C-9’’)。
celafurine(B)、celabenzine(C)和celacinnine(D)波谱数据与文献(Kupchan SM , Hintz H P J , Smith R M , Karim A, Cass M W, Court W A, Yatagai M.Celacinnine, a novel macrocyclic spermidine alkaloid prototype. Journal ofthe Chemical Society Chemical Communications, 1974; 9(9):329-330. 以及KuehneP , Guggisberg A , Hesse M . Syntheses and Chiroptical Properties of the 13‐membered spermidine alkaloids ‐(S)‐celacinnine, (0)‐(S)‐celabenzine, ‐(S)‐celafurine, and (+)‐(S)‐viburnine[J]. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1997, 80(6):1802-1808.)基本一致。
式Ⅰ:celacarfurine(A)结构。
式Ⅱ:celafurine(B)结构。
式Ⅲ:celabenzine结构。
式Ⅳ:celacinnine结构。
供试品:大环多胺生物碱粗品,大环多胺生物碱有效部位。
HPLC色谱条件:采用Diamonsil C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相:水(A)—甲醇(B),梯度洗脱(0~50min,10% B→100%B)。进样量20μl,柱温25℃,流速1ml/min,检测波长210nm。
测定结果:大环多胺生物碱粗品和有效部位中四种大环多胺生物碱(celacarfurine(A),celafurine(B),celabenzine(C)和celacinnine(D))含量加和分别达51.9%和80.8%以上,从而表明大环多胺生物碱有效部位含量均超过了50%的技术要求,HPLC色谱图见附图1。
三、二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀模型抗炎作用评价
称取实施例1和实施例2大环多胺生物碱有效部位,用2 %丙二醇水溶液溶解。取昆明种小鼠,雌雄各半,体重18-22g,随机均分成模型组,有效部位给药组,阳性对照药吲哚美辛给药组,每组10只。各给药组按10mg/kg剂量灌胃给药,模型组给等体积2%丙二醇水溶液。连续给药3天,末次给药后1小时,将20μl二甲苯涂于小鼠右耳廓两面致炎, 左耳不涂为对照。1小时后将小鼠处死,剪下双耳, 用直径6mm 的打孔器分别在同一部位打下圆耳片, 称重。以左右耳片重量差作为肿胀度, 计算抑制率。结果(表1)表明有效部位具有显著的抗炎活性。
表1. 有效部位对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀模型影响结果(±S,n=10)
* 与模型组比较P < 0.01。
与现有技术比较,本发明创造性体现如下:1、大环多胺生物碱有效部位及其制备方法未见报道,本发明首次公开了一种雷公藤大环多胺生物碱有效部位及其制备方法;2、据文献报道,雷公藤生物碱类成分主要包括倍半萜生物碱和大环多胺生物碱两类,其中倍半萜类生物碱占绝大多数(超过150个),大环多胺类生物碱报道极少(4个)。本发明方法采用总生物碱酸提取和柱层析技术,有效除去了大量的倍半萜类生物碱,高效率富集了大环多胺生物碱,使大环多胺生物碱粗品含量达51.9%%以上,有效部位含量达80.8%以上,有效部位中这四种大环多胺生物碱含量比为A:B:C:D= 10:(404~598):(95~143):(55~82),具有意想不到的优良效果和非显而易见性;3、本发明采用提取、萃取和柱层析技术制备的雷公藤大环多胺生物碱有效部位含量高达80.8%以上,工艺简洁,适合大规模制备,具有显著的进步性和较好的应用前景。
附图说明
附图1:大环多胺生物碱有效部位HPLC色谱图(图中A:celacarfurine;B:celafurine;C:celabenzine;D:celacinnine)。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例作进一步描述,但本发明并不限于实施例所述范围。
实施例1:
将雷公藤干燥根119千克切片,加入95%乙醇400升,于70℃加热回流提取3次(1.5×1.5×1小时)。合并提取液,减压浓缩回收溶剂得浸膏12千克。浸膏用乙酸乙酯溶解多次,合并乙酸乙酯溶液,减压浓缩回收溶剂得乙酸乙酯部位1.87 千克,乙酸乙酯不溶部位7.5千克。将乙酸乙酯不溶部位7.5 千克置于15升2%H2SO4溶液中充分搅拌溶解,过滤得到滤液和不溶浸膏。在滤液中加入氨水中和滤液至pH 10,然后用等体积的乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,减压浓缩回收乙酸乙酯,得大环多胺生物碱粗品29.7克,取样经HPLC检测,测得celacarfurine(A),celafurine(B),celabenzine(C)和celacinnine(D)四种大环多胺生物碱含量加和达55.7%。
称取大环多胺生物碱粗品10克,上硅胶柱层析(硅胶300克),先用二氯甲烷2.8升洗脱,弃去洗脱液,再用二氯甲烷:甲醇(V:V=20:1)3.5升洗脱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩蒸去混合溶剂,得大环多胺生物碱有效部位4.3克,取样经HPLC检测,测得celacarfurine(A),celafurine(B),celabenzine(C)和celacinnine(D)四种大环多胺生物碱含量加和达89.8%,这四种大环多胺生物碱含量比,A:B:C:D= 10:499:118:67。
实施例2:
将雷公藤干燥根30千克切片,加入95%乙醇100升,于70℃加热回流提取3次(1.5×1.5×1小时)。合并提取液,减压浓缩回收溶剂得浸膏3.1千克。浸膏用乙酸乙酯溶解多次,合并乙酸乙酯溶液,减压浓缩回收溶剂得乙酸乙酯部位0.5 千克,乙酸乙酯不溶部位1.9千克。将乙酸乙酯不溶部位1.9 千克置于3.8升2%H2SO4溶液中充分搅拌溶解,过滤得到滤液和不溶浸膏。在滤液中加入氨水中和滤液至pH 10,然后用等体积的乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,减压浓缩回收乙酸乙酯,得大环多胺生物碱粗品7.8克,取样经HPLC检测,测得celacarfurine(A),celafurine(B),celabenzine(C)和celacinnine(D)四种大环多胺生物碱含量加和达56.1%。
称取大环多胺生物碱有效部位粗品5克,上硅胶柱层析(硅胶150克),先用二氯甲烷1.4升洗脱,弃去洗脱液,再用二氯甲烷:甲醇(V:V=20:1)1.8升洗脱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩蒸去混合溶剂,得大环多胺生物碱有效部位2.4克,取样经HPLC检测,测得celacarfurine(A),celafurine(B),celabenzine(C)和celacinnine(D)四种大环多胺生物碱含量加和达80.8%,这四种大环多胺生物碱含量比,A:B:C:D= 10:459:110:63。
实施例3:
将雷公藤干燥根20千克切片,加入95%乙醇67升,于70℃加热回流提取3次(1.5×1.5×1小时)。合并提取液,减压浓缩回收溶剂得浸膏1.9千克。浸膏用乙酸乙酯溶解多次,合并乙酸乙酯溶液,减压浓缩回收溶剂得乙酸乙酯部位0.3 千克,乙酸乙酯不溶部位1.2千克。将乙酸乙酯不溶部位1.2 千克置于2.5升2%H2SO4溶液中充分搅拌溶解,过滤得到滤液和不溶浸膏。在滤液中加入氨水中和滤液至pH 10,然后用等体积的乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,减压浓缩回收乙酸乙酯,得大环多胺生物碱粗品5.2克,取样经HPLC检测,测得celacarfurine(A),celafurine(B),celabenzine(C)和celacinnine(D)四种大环多胺生物碱含量加和达51.9%。
称取大环多胺生物碱有效部位粗品5克,上硅胶柱层析(硅胶150克),先用二氯甲烷1.4升洗脱,弃去洗脱液,再用二氯甲烷:甲醇(V:V=20:1)1.8升洗脱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩蒸去混合溶剂,得大环多胺生物碱有效部位2.3克,取样经HPLC检测,测得celacarfurine(A),celafurine(B),celabenzine(C)和celacinnine(D)四种大环多胺生物碱含量加和达85.6%,这四种大环多胺生物碱含量比,A:B:C:D= 10:404:95:55。
实施例4:
将雷公藤干燥根10千克切片,加入95%乙醇33升,于70℃加热回流提取3次(1.5×1.5×1小时)。合并提取液,减压浓缩回收溶剂得浸膏1.0千克。浸膏用乙酸乙酯溶解多次,合并乙酸乙酯溶液,减压浓缩回收溶剂得乙酸乙酯部位0.17 千克,乙酸乙酯不溶部位0.64千克。将乙酸乙酯不溶部位0.64 千克置于1.3升2%H2SO4溶液中充分搅拌溶解,过滤得到滤液和不溶浸膏。在滤液中加入氨水中和滤液至pH 10,然后用等体积的乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机相,减压浓缩回收乙酸乙酯,得大环多胺生物碱粗品2.6克,取样经HPLC检测,测得celacarfurine(A),celafurine(B),celabenzine(C)和celacinnine(D)四种大环多胺生物碱含量加和达55.9%。
称取大环多胺生物碱有效部位粗品2克,上硅胶柱层析(硅胶150克),先用二氯甲烷0.56升洗脱,弃去洗脱液,再用二氯甲烷:甲醇(V:V=20:1)0.72升洗脱,收集洗脱液,减压浓缩蒸去混合溶剂,得大环多胺生物碱有效部位0.85克,取样经HPLC检测,测得celacarfurine(A),celafurine(B),celabenzine(C)和celacinnine(D)四种大环多胺生物碱含量加和达90.3%,这四种大环多胺生物碱含量比,A:B:C:D= 10:598:143:82。
Claims (2)
1.雷公藤大环多胺生物碱有效部位的制备方法,其特征在于,有效部位制备过程如下:将雷公藤根切片,加入95%乙醇水溶液,加热回流提取3次,合并提取液,减压浓缩回收乙醇得到总浸膏;将总浸膏用乙酸乙酯溶解数次至不再溶解,得乙酸乙酯溶解部位和乙酸乙酯不溶部位;将乙酸乙酯不溶部位置于2%H2SO4水溶液中,充分搅拌溶解,过滤得到滤液和硫酸不溶浸膏;在滤液中加入氨水中和滤液至pH 10,再用等体积的乙酸乙酯萃取3次,减压浓缩回收乙酸乙酯得大环多胺生物碱粗品,将大环多胺生物碱粗品用硅胶柱层析精制,先用二氯甲烷洗脱,弃去二氯甲烷洗脱液,再用体积比为20:1的二氯甲烷-甲醇混合溶剂洗脱,收集二氯甲烷-甲醇洗脱液,减压浓缩蒸去混合溶剂,得大环多胺生物碱有效部位。
2.按照权利要求1所述的制备方法制得的雷公藤大环多胺生物碱有效部位,其特征在于,有效部位中含有celacarfurine、celafurine、celabenzine和celacinnine四种大环多胺生物碱,这四种大环多胺生物碱在有效部位中的含量加和≥80.8%,质量比为celacarfurine:celafurine:celabenzine:celacinnine = 10:(404~598):(95~143):(55~82),该有效部位可用于制备抗炎药物;其中,
式Ⅰ:celacarfurine结构;
式Ⅱ:celafurine结构;
式Ⅲ:celabenzine结构;
式Ⅳ:celacinnine结构。
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