CN1125696C - 刀夹和用于固定切削刀片的压板 - Google Patents

刀夹和用于固定切削刀片的压板 Download PDF

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CN1125696C
CN1125696C CN00806773A CN00806773A CN1125696C CN 1125696 C CN1125696 C CN 1125696C CN 00806773 A CN00806773 A CN 00806773A CN 00806773 A CN00806773 A CN 00806773A CN 1125696 C CN1125696 C CN 1125696C
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holder
blade
pressing plate
cutter holder
protuberance
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CN1348401A (zh
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斯图雷·舍
佩尔·汉松
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Sandvik AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1644—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped by a clamping member acting almost perpendicularly on the chip-forming plane and at the same time upon the wall of a hole in the cutting insert
    • B23B27/1651—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped by a clamping member acting almost perpendicularly on the chip-forming plane and at the same time upon the wall of a hole in the cutting insert characterised by having a special shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1625—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped by a clamping member acting almost perpendicularly on the chip-forming plane
    • B23B27/1633—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped by a clamping member acting almost perpendicularly on the chip-forming plane in which the chip-breaking clamping member is adjustable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1625—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped by a clamping member acting almost perpendicularly on the chip-forming plane
    • B23B27/164—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped by a clamping member acting almost perpendicularly on the chip-forming plane characterised by having a special shape
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/11—Cutters, for shaping including chip breaker, guide or deflector detachable from tool and tool holder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/11—Cutters, for shaping including chip breaker, guide or deflector detachable from tool and tool holder
    • Y10T407/112—Adjustable relative to cutting edge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T407/11—Cutters, for shaping including chip breaker, guide or deflector detachable from tool and tool holder
    • Y10T407/116—Attached to or integral with tool clamping jaw
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/11—Cutters, for shaping including chip breaker, guide or deflector detachable from tool and tool holder
    • Y10T407/118—Chip breaker
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2274—Apertured tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2274—Apertured tool
    • Y10T407/2276—Apertured tool with means projecting through aperture to force tool laterally against reaction surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2274—Apertured tool
    • Y10T407/2276—Apertured tool with means projecting through aperture to force tool laterally against reaction surface
    • Y10T407/2278—Tilting clamp element and separate means to tilt same
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2282—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder including tool holding clamp and clamp actuator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2282—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder including tool holding clamp and clamp actuator
    • Y10T407/2286—Resiliently biased clamp jaw
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2272—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder
    • Y10T407/2282—Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool with separate means to fasten tool to holder including tool holding clamp and clamp actuator
    • Y10T407/229—Pivoted jaw

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Knives (AREA)
  • Processing Of Meat And Fish (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种新型的用于可转位的刀片(11)的刀夹，它包括刀夹(10)和在其前端的刀片，以及顶部夹持件(20)，该夹持件具有啮合分离的压板(24)的前突出部(23)，压板的硬度和强度大于所述顶部夹持件的材料。所述顶部夹持件(20)包括将与所述刀夹上的后支撑面啮合的后突出部(28)。所述前突出部(23)将啮合在延伸穿过整个压板的孔(25)中，所述孔(25)的横截面向下朝所述刀片逐渐减小。

Description

刀夹和用于固定切削刀片的压板
本发明涉及一种用于金属工件的成屑加工的刀夹。
目前，存在着多种用于机械夹持切削刀片比如菱形、偏菱形和三角形的可转位刀片的刀夹，刀片周围有相等的角度。用于这些刀片的材料通常是硬质合金材料或陶瓷材料。
用于这些可转位的刀片的通常使用的锁紧系统包括刀夹上的销和用于强制所述销朝所述刀夹向内转动运动的装置，所述销向上延伸而伸入容纳刀片的穴中，以啮合位于所述穴内的刀片上的孔，所述强制装置用于使所述销的下部动作，从而朝在所述穴的后部在所述刀夹上形成的向上延伸的壁向内推动销和刀片。这种类型的刀夹在US3314126中得到公开。然而，这种刀夹的缺点是切削刀片的前鼻状部分有从位于所述刀片下面的垫板裂开的趋势，有时这种情况可能导致刀片故障。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种刀夹，使作用在刀片上的强制装置将确保所述刀片被向下且向内推动。同时希望以最可能的方式作用在刀片上的夹持件的前部可以得到保护，避免在加工过程中被从工件上切下的碎屑磨损。还希望提供一种刀夹，能在这种刀夹中使用实心刀片和中心有孔的刀片。所有这些要求可以通过提供由夹紧螺栓驱动的夹持件形状的所述强制装置而实现，该夹持件本身以公知的方式设有第一和第二接触面。第一接触面位于所述夹持件的前突出部，可与刀片的上接触表面啮合，而第二接触面位于所述夹持件的后突出部上，用于啮合相对于所述夹紧螺栓的轴线倾斜的接触表面。根据本发明，夹紧螺栓的上部以及位于所述螺栓的头部和螺纹之间的螺旋弹簧的上部位于在所述夹持件的凹槽内，所述螺旋弹簧的中心轴线相对于螺栓容纳槽的轴线倾斜，同时所述夹持件的前突出部容纳在刀片和夹持件之间的压板的凹槽内，从而使所述压板与刀片的上表面表面邻接。
现在将参照附图详细描述本发明，其中附图示出了本发明的优选实施例。
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的如图2所示的刀夹沿线A-A的剖面图。
图2是图1所示的刀夹的夹持件和刀片的平面图。
图3是本发明的刀夹的另一实施例的纵向剖面图。
图4是所述切削刀具的刀片的纵向剖面图。
图5是沿穿过本发明另一实施例中心线的纵向剖面图。
图6是具有如图5所示中心孔的刀片的如图2所示的平面图。
图7-9示出了本发明所用压板的平面图和透视图。
图10和图11分别是根据本发明的一个实施例的夹持件及所配压板的透视图和平面图。
图12和图13分别是根据本发明的另一实施例的夹持件及所配压板的透视图和平面图。
在图1-2中，示出了一种切削刀具的一部分，它包括部分示出的用于转向的刀夹10，其前鼻状部分设有用于容纳多边形形状的可转位的切削刀片11的穴。这种刀片具有菱形的基本形状且由硬质合金材料或陶瓷材料制成。该刀片具有平坦的上部表面12和与所述上部表面平行的平坦的下部表面13。该刀片具有一组朝所述上、下表面12、13垂直延伸的侧面，其中的两个标为11a和11b。该刀片表面邻接垫板14而支撑，垫板14具有被螺栓16啮合的中心孔15，螺栓16可以旋入地与刀夹10啮合，螺栓16的中心轴线垂直于刀片的平坦表面12、13延伸。接纳刀片的部位包括底部支撑表面17和两个垂直延伸的支撑表面18和19。
夹持件20用于将刀片夹持在刀夹10的穴中，所述夹持件可由夹紧螺栓22驱动，该螺栓延伸穿过整个所述夹持件，且与刀夹10上的钻孔21螺纹配合，所述螺栓的中心轴线CL1平行于刀片上的孔15的中心轴线。所述夹持件的前端为向下-向内倾斜的第一突出部23的形状，用于与所述第一夹持件20和所述刀片11之间的分离的压板24配合，所述压板24具有中心孔25。更具体地说，当拧紧所述螺栓22时所述第一突出部23容纳在所述孔25中，从而在所述孔25的每一侧上的表面55(图8)上的施压点A1和A2(见图2)处向下传递压力。中心孔25是凹入的钻孔，具有旋转对称的结构，包括下部圆柱形或稍微呈锥形的壁，该壁通过在从内腔到入口的方向增加直径而向上扩张。突出部23的前外表面具有对应的结构。当所述孔25是直圆柱形时，所述压板24的下侧24a为平坦表面，且有较大的表面延伸部分。这确保了表面压力遍布在刀片的较大表面上，特别是在刀片由陶瓷制成的情况下，这是必需的。
所述夹持件20的另一部分为第二突出部28的形状，该突出部具有倾斜表面27，该表面最好为凸起形状，且当拧紧时，该表面与刀夹10的对应倾斜表面29a表面邻接，相对于所述夹紧螺栓22的中心轴线CL1倾斜相同的角度。在29b处表示刀夹10的下部支撑表面。夹持件20可以通过对弹簧31作用的螺栓张紧，该弹簧部分容纳在孔21中，且横向地将夹持件推向外部位置。还设有销32作为阻挡部件，确保夹持件20在所述螺栓22拧紧时不转动。
夹紧螺栓22具有形成上部凸缘的头部33，与相邻的比所述头部直径稍小的圆柱部分34成为一个整体，该圆柱部分34与比所述圆柱部分34直径稍小的圆柱形腰部35成一整体。腰部35延伸到下部螺纹部分36，该下部螺纹部分的直径大于腰部35的直径。在拧紧时，螺栓头部33的顶面基本上与所述夹持件20的凹槽37周围的上部表面平齐，或者整个容纳在夹持件20的凹槽37内，使所述螺栓头部33的径向下表面邻靠夹持件20的对应的径向延伸表面38，同时所述螺栓头部的顶面22与所述夹持件20的顶面平齐。
根据本发明的一个方面，该刀夹在夹紧螺栓22的上部周围设有螺旋弹簧31，以便在松开螺栓22时向上给夹持件施压。弹簧31沿圆柱形腰部35轴向延伸，且部分容纳在夹持件20的倾斜孔21内，部分容纳在刀夹的圆柱形凹槽39内。更具体地，所述孔21的中心轴线CL3相对于所述螺栓22的中心轴线CL1以锐角γ延伸。根据适当的实施例，角度γ的大小在2-15°的范围内。如图1所示，所述螺旋弹簧31的上部容纳在所述倾斜孔21内，这种布置使得在所述圆柱部分34和所述倾斜孔21的孔壁之间存在着特定的间隙，从而在拧紧螺栓22时该夹持件不转动，因为所述螺旋弹簧31的上部表面与所述倾斜孔21的孔壁接触。
该布置方案是这样的，即在拧紧螺栓22时，所述夹持件的端表面下部28与表面29a和29b表面接触。应当理解的是，一旦夹持部分28接触所述表面29b，夹持件将进行一定的转动运动，使前夹持部分23产生经压板24朝刀片向下的压力，以实现牢固有效的刀片夹持。同时，确保所述夹持部分23的下端面相对于刀片的顶面有一定的间隙是很重要的，这在图1中示出。通过使夹持件20的前突出部23容纳在所述压板24的凹槽25内还确保了所述突出部23的上部不会在金属加工过程中产生的向后导出的碎屑冲击下磨损。由于所述压板24的前部具有与所述压板24的后部相比凸起的部分，所以这种作用更为有效。
如上所述，螺旋弹簧31的上部容纳在夹持件的倾斜孔21内，而所述螺旋弹簧31的下部部分地容纳在所述刀夹10的圆柱形扩孔39内，其中心轴线与中心轴线CL1相同。凹槽39延伸至螺纹孔21，该孔容纳夹紧螺栓22的螺纹部分36。
本发明的压板24应当由具有比顶部夹持件20的材料更大抗磨损性和更大强度的材料制成。压板24最好应当由硬质合金制成。在优选实施例中，所述压板的厚度基本上小于切削刀片11的厚度。所述压板24的前端面由两个向前汇合的平坦侧面40和41限定，该两侧面由弯曲的突出部42b连接，该突出部具有基本上大于切削刀片的拐角部分43处的拐角半径的曲率半径，在所述拐角处刀片的所述汇合侧面11a和11b相交。所述压板24的前侧面40和41向下倾斜地靠着刀片的顶面，如图2和图7-8所示。优选的是，所述侧面40和41以小于鼻状部分42的对应倾斜角度的角度倾斜，该鼻状部分42包括中心弯曲的突出部42b和在其两侧的侧面部分42a和42c。与适用于部分40、41的在5-15°范围内的对应角度相比，这些侧面部分42a、42c应当最好以20-45°的更大角度倾斜。这样实现了当碎屑接近所述侧面部分42a、42c时，更有效地改变碎屑的运动方向。
在图3中示出了本发明的另一实施例。在这种情况下，突出部23由向下-向内延伸的下部23b和直立向下延伸的上部23a限定。整个突出部23具有比图1-2中的实施例相比更大的纵向延伸。更具体地，突出部23现在整个延伸穿过压板24的中心孔25，且还向下延伸，以啮合刀片11的凹槽44。这种布置方案是这样的，即所述突出部的下端部啮合所述凹槽44的孔壁的下部。更具体地，刀片11已经设有旋转对称形式的凹槽44，包括内部腔45和外部腔47，内部腔由圆柱形或稍微呈锥形的表面46定界，外部腔通过不断增加其直径而向外扩张，直到刀片的上部顶面上的入口。应当理解的是，具有从刀片的顶面和底面进入的相同凹腔的刀片可以结合本发明使用。这种刀片也在图4中示出。这种刀片适当地设有在两个相反凹腔之间的实心中心部分48，如图4所示。
在图5中示出了本发明的一实施例，其中刀片11具有中心通孔49，该孔有中心轴线CL2，该轴线平行于限定刀夹的孔21的中心轴线CL1。在这种情况下，前突出部23包括上夹持部23a和下夹持部23b，上夹持部23a轴向直立延伸入刀片孔46，下夹持部23b以倾斜角α向下-向内延伸，使下夹持部23b在位于孔49稍靠下处的接触点26处啮合刀片孔49的壁。上接触部23a的前外表面部分和所述压板24的前孔壁基本上与图1的形式相同。倾斜角α应该具有在范围2-15°内的值。而且如图5所示，在夹持部分28的下端部分和刀夹的上表面之间没有表面接触。
当拧紧螺栓22时，前夹持部分23将被向内推入刀片孔49。此后，该夹持件将沿接触区A1和A2在压板24上施加夹持力(同样在图1-2中)。在继续拧紧螺栓22时，在所述夹持件的同时弹性弯曲过程中实现整个系统的最终夹紧。
在图7-9中，示出了压板24的一些不同细节。该压板由前部50限界，具有朝向前切削端43的楔形轮廓，而其后部由凸起的弯曲部分51结束。在所述楔形部分50和所述后部凸起部分之间的过渡部分由两直立部分52、53构成，其边缘彼此平行延伸。从图8可以更清楚地看出，压板24的前上部表面54相对于后上部表面55升高。优选的是，这些表面54和55是平面且互相平行。夹持件20的前部用于支撑在所述后表面55上。
而且，突出部23延伸穿过压板24的凹槽25。而且，所述后部凸起弯曲部分51具有非对称的凹槽56，它包括第一部分56a和第二部分56b，所述第一部分56a具有比所述第二部分56b的径向深度更小的径向深度。
而且，所述第一部分56a具有凸肩57，其高度对应压板厚度的一半。
在图10-11中示出了与夹持件20配合在一起的压板24的透视图和平面图。如图所示，所述凸肩57用于容纳从所述夹持件20伸出的夹持指状件58。当安装时，该指状件58首先在部分56b的区域处于自由位置，然后所述压板24逆时针转动到所述夹持指状件58与凸肩57表面接触的位置。该夹持指状件58为适当的扁平形状，且相对于所述压板的扁平接触表面24a稍微倾斜。所述夹持指状件的这种转动通过转动螺栓59来实现，螺栓59旋入啮合所述压板的下侧，藉此实现所述螺栓59的旋入啮合，使其头部处于比所述夹持件20的下表面60的平面更低的位置。
在图12-13中示出了压板24的另一实施例。在这种情况下压板的后部凸起部分51具有由凸肩57限界的单槽56，其高度最好是对应于所述压板厚度的一半的值。而且在这种情况下，夹持指状件58是台阶结构的扁平金属部分，包括与所述凸肩57表面接触的上部58a和被螺栓59夹持在所述夹持件20的凹槽61内的下部58b。夹持指状件容纳槽56包括两个径向延伸的侧面56a、56b和在所述径向表面56a、56b之间延伸的内表面56c。
在另一实施例中，这种压板24可以在其下侧设有多个冷却通道(未示出)，其目的在于有许多导向切削顶端、同时从所述刀夹本体10的内部供应的冷却流。

Claims (12)

1.一种刀夹，该刀夹用于将切削刀片(11)固定在由底面和至少一个从所述底面向上直立的侧面(18)限界的穴内，所述刀片具有顶面和底面(12、13)以及与所述顶面和底面相交的边缘面(11 a、11b)，所述刀夹包括顶部夹持件(20)，该夹持件具有前、后突出部(23、28)，且安装在所述刀具保持件上，以便通过夹紧螺栓(22)抵靠所述刀片被致动，该夹紧螺栓延伸穿过整个所述夹持件，同时旋入啮合所述刀夹上的孔，其特征在于，所述夹持件的前端部(21)为突出部的形状，该突出部具有与延伸穿过整个压板(24)的孔(25)的孔壁啮合的接触面，该压板具有适于与所述刀片的顶面(12)表面邻接的平坦的下侧接触面，压板(24)的所述孔(25)的横截面向下朝所述刀片逐渐减小，且所述压板由具有比所述顶部夹持件(20)的材料更大的硬度和耐磨性的材料制成。
2.如权利要求1所述的刀夹，其特征在于，所述顶部夹持件(20)的突出部(23)具有基本呈圆柱形的形式，其上部直的向下延伸穿过压板(24)的整个孔(25)，而其下部(23b)向下-向内延伸，且在所述刀片的顶面稍下的位置与刀片(11)的凹腔(45)接触。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的刀夹，其特征在于，所述压板(24)的厚度小于所述刀片的厚度。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的刀夹，其特征在于，所述刀片(11)具有两个互相相对的圆形凹腔(45)，其中每一凹腔由圆柱形或稍微呈圆锥形的表面(46)和不断增加其直径而向外扩张直到所述刀片上表面处的入口的外部凹腔(47)限界。
5.如权利要求4所述的刀夹，其特征在于，所述两个相对的凹腔(45)为沉孔形式，在它们之间有实心的中心芯部(48)。
6.一种用作刀夹中的加压部件的压板，该刀夹包括刀夹(10)和位于其前端凹槽内的刀片(11)，其中设置有一个夹持件(20)以通过将啮合所述压板的前突出部(23)夹紧所述刀片，其特征在于，所述压板(24)由前楔形部分(50)和后凸起弯曲部分(51)限界，所述夹持件具有前升高部分(54)和后凹陷部分(55)，该后凹陷部分围成一孔(25)，用于接纳所述夹持件(20)的所述前突出部(23)。
7.如权利要求6所述的压板，其特征在于，所述后凸起部(51)设有在所述楔形部分(50)和后凸起部分(51)之间的互相相对的侧面部分(52、53)，所述侧面部分具有平坦的形状，且互相平行。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的压板，其特征在于，所述后凸起部分(51)设有径向延伸的凹槽(56)，用于接纳固定在夹持件(20)的下侧处的片状夹持指状件(58)，所述指状件(58)布置成抵靠所述凹槽(56)内的凸肩(57)而固定。
9.如权利要求6或7所述的压板，其特征在于，其前面包括两个通过弯曲的鼻状部分(42b)连接的向前汇合的平坦侧面(40、41)，所述侧面(40、41)以小于所述弯曲的鼻状部分(42b)的对应倾斜角度的角度倾斜。
10.如权利要求6或7所述的压板，其特征在于，在所述鼻状部分(42b)和所述侧面(40、41)之间设有附加的平坦侧面部分(42a、42c)，这些部分以与适用于所述侧面(40、41)的倾斜角度相比更大的倾斜角度倾斜。
11.如权利要求10所述的压板，其特征在于，侧面部分(42a、42c)的倾斜角度为20-45°，而侧面(40、41)的倾斜角度为5-15°。
12.如权利要求6或7所述的压板，其特征在于，它与多边形的刀片配合使用，其中前侧面(40、41)以小于在朝所述刀片的切削顶端(43)向前汇合的所述两边缘面(11a、11b)之间的鼻状部顶角的角度向前汇合。
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