CN112544382A - High-yield cultivation method for low-mustard-acid-oil radishes in high-altitude areas - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method for low-mustard-acid-oil radishes in high-altitude areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN112544382A CN112544382A CN202011447353.8A CN202011447353A CN112544382A CN 112544382 A CN112544382 A CN 112544382A CN 202011447353 A CN202011447353 A CN 202011447353A CN 112544382 A CN112544382 A CN 112544382A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method for low-erucic acid oil radishes in high-altitude areas, and relates to the field of plant cultivation, wherein high-purity low-erucic acid oil radishes with early flowering phase and early maturation phase are selected in the high-yield cultivation method for the low-erucic acid oil radishes in the high-altitude areas; selecting a planting area with the altitude of about 1500-; when sowing in high-altitude areas, the lowest temperature of the ground surface is higher than 5 ℃, and the average temperature is higher than 10 ℃; sowing seeds in the Yangtze river basin and the area with high altitude in the south of China from 4 to 5 months; the yellow river valley and the northern high altitude area can be sown from the last 5 th of month to the last 5 th of month. The invention plants the radish variety for low mustard oil in the high-altitude area, and the unit area of the radish variety isThe yield is improved by about 20 percent compared with the common cultivation and planting method, and the yield reaches 250kg/667m2The seed purity is higher than 98%, and the erucic acid content of the seeds is kept about 10%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant cultivation, in particular to a high-yield cultivation method for low-mustard-acid-oil radishes in high-altitude areas.
Background
The oil radish is a radish variety which is easy to vernalize, has high seed yield and high oil content, and is cultivated as a high-quality oil crop in the middle and western regions of China for a long time. The thousand seed weight of the radish seeds for oil is about 10-12g, the seed coat has two main types of yellow and brown, the oil content of the seeds is higher, generally about 35% -45%, the oil and fat components mainly comprise unsaturated fatty acid, wherein the content of monounsaturated fatty acid is higher (about 70%), the contents of oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid are relatively balanced, and the radish seeds have research values as a food with homology of medicine and food.
In recent years, more and more regions develop breeding research and popularization of oil radish, new low erucic acid varieties are innovated and come out, and high-altitude regions no longer become planting restricted regions. For example, the new variety of the low erucic acid and the high-yield radish for oil No. 2 bred by the Hubei radish seed science and technology Limited company has the erucic acid reduced to about 10 percent and the average yield of 250kg/667m2And the flowering period is early and the maturation period is short. However, a high-yield cultivation method special for low-mustard-acid-oil radishes in high-altitude areas does not exist. At present, most of radish varieties for oil are planted in high-altitude areas, so that a plurality of cultivation and management problems exist, and particularly, the radish varieties for low erucic acid oil cannot achieve good economic benefit and good quality in the high-altitude areas. The best profit can be obtained by an improved variety matching method, so in order to meet the market requirements, popularization requirements and the requirements of people on high-quality low erucic acid radish seed oil, a high-yield cultivation method for low erucic acid radish varieties in high altitude areas needs to be researched and developed urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a high-yield cultivation method for planting high-quality radish with low erucic acid oil in high-altitude areas (the altitude is 1500-2500m) in China, the radish variety with low erucic acid oil is planted in the high-altitude areas by the method, the yield per unit area is improved by about 20 percent compared with that of the common cultivation and planting method, and the yield reaches 250kg/667m2Seed purity higher than 98%, seed erucic acidThe content is kept about 10%.
The invention provides a high-yield cultivation method of radishes for low-mustard oil in high-altitude areas, which comprises the following steps:
step one, selection of varieties: selecting high-purity low erucic acid, early flowering phase and early mature phase radish varieties for oil;
step two, altitude and environment requirements: selecting a planting area with the altitude of about 1500-;
step three, sowing time: when sowing in high-altitude areas, the lowest temperature of the ground surface is higher than 5 ℃, and the average temperature is higher than 10 ℃; sowing seeds in the Yangtze river basin and the area with high altitude in the south of China from 4 to 5 months; the yellow river valley and the northern high-altitude area can be sown from the last 5 th of month to the last 5 th of month;
step four, field management: watering sole water before sowing, covering a mulching film for heat preservation, and ensuring the uniformity of seedling emergence;
step five, fertilizing and topdressing: the fertilization adopts the principle that base fertilizer is used as the main fertilizer and additional fertilizer is used as the auxiliary fertilizer, and the ternary compound fertilizer is prepared according to the proportion of 120kg/667m2The fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the additional fertilizer is arranged in the lotus sitting period and bolting period, and the additional fertilizer is applied every 667m250kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 10kg of urea and 10kg of boron fertilizer are applied;
step six, impurity removal: manually searching and removing wild crucifer radish crops within 1km of a square circle around a production field 15 days before the flowering period; searching for and pulling out the hybrid plants in the production field 7 days before the flowering period;
seventhly, harvesting: the harvesting time of the Yangtze river basin and the area at the south high altitude ranges from 7 ten days to 8 middle days of the month; the harvesting time of the yellow river valley and the northern high-altitude area is from 8 to 9 ten days; the method adopts the step of sectional harvesting, firstly, plants are cut and poured after seeds in the pods are grouted, the plants are aired on the spot, and the combine harvester or manpower is adopted to harvest and thresh after the plants are completely withered and yellow.
In certain embodiments of the invention, in step one, the radish variety for oil is "radish No. 2 for oil".
In certain embodiments of the invention, in step three, 8000 strains/667 m2And arranging and planting in density.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the radish for low-mustard oil has excellent quality, the content of fatty acid in the oil is more beneficial to human health, and the radish has more advantages than the common conventional radish.
2. The cultivation mode of the radish for high altitude and low erucic acid oil breaks through the limitation that the radish for oil can not be planted in most high mountains and plateau areas in China, develops a new path for the development of the radish for oil industry in China, and greatly reduces the production price of radish seeds.
3. After the radish variety with low erucic acid oil in the high-altitude regions is adopted by the method, the yield per unit area is improved by about 20 percent compared with that of the radish variety cultivated by the common cultivation method, and the yield reaches 250kg/667m2The seed purity is higher than 98%, and the erucic acid content of the seeds is kept about 10%.
4. The segmented harvesting method can ensure the best seed maturity, the lowest erucic acid content and the highest yield.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. This invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present disclosure is set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding thereof. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
Example one
The invention provides a high-yield cultivation method of radishes for low-mustard oil in high-altitude areas, which comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting a special oil radish variety 'No. 2 oil radish' in a high altitude area with early flowering phase, bolting intolerance, short growth period and low erucic acid content;
selecting suitable fields for planting in Yangtze river basin and high-altitude areas in south, including Changyang areas of Hubei, Anhui Yuexi, Bijie of Guizhou, Chongqing Wulong Longing and the like, wherein the altitude of the planting areas is about 1500-2500m, the soil is fertile, the land blocks are flat, the planting areas are suitable for mechanical tillage, mechanical sowing and mechanical harvesting, and no radish crop of Brassicaceae is planted within 1km of the surrounding areas;
step three, sowing seeds in the last ten days of 4 months to 5 months generally based on the fact that the local average temperature is more than 10 ℃; watering the pelma before sowing, covering with a plastic film for heat preservation to ensure the uniformity of seedling emergence according to 8000 plants/667 m2Arranging and planting in density;
watering water on the soles before sowing, covering a mulching film for heat preservation, and ensuring the seedlings to be uniform;
step five, adopting a principle of taking base fertilizer as a main part and additional fertilizer as an auxiliary part for fertilization, and preparing the ternary compound fertilizer according to the proportion of 120kg/667m2The fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the additional fertilizer is arranged in the lotus sitting period and bolting period, and the additional fertilizer is applied every 667m250kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 10kg of urea and 10kg of boron fertilizer are applied;
step six, manually searching and removing wild cruciferous radish crops within 1km of a square circle around a production field 15 days before the flowering period; searching for and pulling out the hybrid plants in the production field 7 days before the flowering period;
seventhly, collecting time from 7 late-month to 8 middle-month in Yangtze river basin and areas at south high altitudes; the method adopts the step of sectional harvesting, firstly, plants are cut and poured after seeds in the pods are grouted, the plants are aired on the spot, and the combine harvester or manpower is adopted to harvest and thresh after the plants are completely withered and yellow.
Example two
The invention provides a high-yield cultivation method of radishes for low-mustard oil in high-altitude areas, which comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting a special oil radish variety 'No. 2 oil radish' in a high altitude area with early flowering phase, bolting intolerance, short growth period and low erucic acid content;
selecting the yellow river basin and fields suitable for planting high in the high altitude area of the north, such as the dam of the Hebei, Taibai in Shaanxi, Ningxia Guyuan, Minyu Minle and the like, wherein the altitude of the planting areas is about 1500-2500m, the soil is fertile, the land is flat, the planting areas are suitable for mechanical tillage, mechanical sowing and mechanical harvesting, and no cruciferous radish crops are planted within 1km of the surrounding areas;
step three, sowing seeds in the last ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 5 months generally based on the fact that the local average temperature is more than 10 ℃; watering the pelma before sowing, covering with a plastic film for heat preservation to ensure the uniformity of seedling emergence according to 8000 plants/667 m2Arranging and planting in density;
watering water on the soles before sowing, covering a mulching film for heat preservation, and ensuring the seedlings to be uniform;
step five, adopting a principle of taking base fertilizer as a main part and additional fertilizer as an auxiliary part for fertilization, and preparing the ternary compound fertilizer according to the proportion of 120kg/667m2The fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the additional fertilizer is arranged in the lotus sitting period and bolting period, and the additional fertilizer is applied every 667m250kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 10kg of urea and 10kg of boron fertilizer are applied;
step six, manually searching and removing wild cruciferous radish crops within 1km of a square circle around a production field 15 days before the flowering period; searching for and pulling out the hybrid plants in the production field 7 days before the flowering period;
seventhly, collecting time from 8 to 9 ten days in Yangtze river basin and areas at south high altitude; the method adopts the step of sectional harvesting, firstly, plants are cut and poured after seeds in the pods are grouted, the plants are aired on the spot, and the combine harvester or manpower is adopted to harvest and thresh after the plants are completely withered and yellow.
Compared with the common cultivation method, the experimental cultivation method of the invention comprises the following steps:
in Shanghai Yangyang and Gansu folk music in Hubei, a variety comparison experiment and a quality analysis test are carried out on the embodiment in two typical high-altitude planting areas, and the unit area yield, the erucic acid content and the purity index of the radishes for low-erucic acid oil planted according to the method disclosed by the invention in Yangtze river basin areas and yellow river north high-altitude areas are counted and analyzed. The results of the examples, performed according to the method of the present invention, compared to the conventional cultivation management method, are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 cultivation test "radish for oil No. 2" (2019 years)
As can be seen from Table 1, the yield of the radish varieties for low-erucic acid oil planted in most high-altitude areas of China can be improved by the method, wherein the yield of the radish varieties for low-erucic acid oil planted in the Yangtze area in Hubei is 15.3% higher than that of the radish varieties for low-erucic acid oil planted in the ordinary cultivation and management mode, and the yield of the radish varieties for high-erucic acid oil planted in the Mingyang area in Gansu is 25.. The erucic acid content of the radish seeds cultivated and managed by the method is about 10 percent, and the erucic acid content of the comparison varieties in the embodiment is greatly higher than that in the embodiment.
Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described in the foregoing detailed description, or equivalent changes may be made in some of the features of the embodiments. All equivalents that can be substituted by the contents of the specification of the present invention and applied directly or indirectly to other related technical fields are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A high-yield cultivation method of radishes for low-mustard oil in high-altitude areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, selection of varieties: selecting high-purity low erucic acid, early flowering phase and early mature phase radish varieties for oil;
step two, altitude and environment requirements: selecting a planting area with the altitude of about 1500-;
step three, sowing time: when sowing in high-altitude areas, the lowest temperature of the ground surface is higher than 5 ℃, and the average temperature is higher than 10 ℃; sowing seeds in the Yangtze river basin and the area with high altitude in the south of China from 4 to 5 months; the yellow river valley and the northern high-altitude area can be sown from the last 5 th of month to the last 5 th of month;
step four, field management: watering sole water before sowing, covering a mulching film for heat preservation, and ensuring the uniformity of seedling emergence;
step five, fertilizing and topdressing: the fertilization adopts the principle that base fertilizer is used as the main fertilizer and additional fertilizer is used as the auxiliary fertilizer, and the ternary compound fertilizer is prepared according to the proportion of 120kg/667m2The fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the additional fertilizer is arranged in the lotus sitting period and bolting period, and the additional fertilizer is applied every 667m250kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 10kg of urea and 10kg of boron fertilizer are applied;
step six, impurity removal: manually searching and removing wild crucifer radish crops within 1km of a square circle around a production field 15 days before the flowering period; searching for and pulling out the hybrid plants in the production field 7 days before the flowering period;
seventhly, harvesting: the harvesting time of the Yangtze river basin and the area at the south high altitude ranges from 7 ten days to 8 middle days of the month; the harvesting time of the yellow river valley and the northern high-altitude area is from 8 to 9 ten days; the method adopts the step of sectional harvesting, firstly, plants are cut and poured after seeds in the pods are grouted, the plants are aired on the spot, and the combine harvester or manpower is adopted to harvest and thresh after the plants are completely withered and yellow.
2. The high-yield cultivation method of radish for low mustard oil at high altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the first step, the oil radish variety adopts 'oil radish No. 2'.
3. The high-yield cultivation method of radish for low mustard oil at high altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in step three, 8000 strains/667 m2And arranging and planting in density.
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Application publication date: 20210326 |