CN112538174B - 一种可注射两性离子水凝胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可注射两性离子水凝胶及其制备方法,首先通过一锅法制备两性离子羧酸甜菜碱大分子单体,具体方法是先用自由基引发两性离子羧酸甜菜碱单体聚合,得到两性离子的高分子聚合物。再将所得到的聚合物接枝一定的双键,得到大分子羧酸甜菜碱两性离子单体。然后通过与两端含有巯基的小分子反应,制备得到了可注射的两性离子水凝胶。所制备的水凝胶制备方法简单,且同时具备可注射性,力学性能和成胶时间可根据需要进行改变。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可注射两性离子水凝胶及其制备方法。
背景技术
水凝胶是具有一定力学性能且具有高含水量的三维网状结构,由于水凝胶的这些特征,因此能够与周围环境进行营养物质、气体和代谢产物的扩散和交换。水凝胶的特殊三维网状结构能够吸收大量水分,将水分子连接在网络结构中,与人体组织高度相似,因此可以将其运用到生物工程和生物材料等新兴领域。可注射水凝胶是一类以液体形式存在并输送至注射部位,一般通过导管系统或是注射器进行注射操作,然后原位完成液态向水凝胶的转变。由于可注射水凝胶的可注射性,因此将其运用到生物工程领域时无需通过外科手术,侵入性小,避免不必要的创伤,降低治疗费用、加速伤口愈合。可以将水凝胶单独注射至受损的部位,替代受损的细胞外基质,为细胞提供一个三维的生长环境同时也为周围组织提供有力的力学支撑。也可以携带细胞、药物、活性因子等输送至受损部位从而实现对药物、细胞等的缓释。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供了一种可注射两性离子水凝胶及其制备方法,,通过将两性离子羧酸甜菜碱单体聚合,然后接枝上双键,得到两性离子聚合物大分子单体,然后通过双键和巯基的迈克尔加成反应,与两端含有巯基的小分子反应制备得到可注射两性离子水凝胶,可通过改变溶液浓度和两种组分的配比得到不同力学性能和成胶时间的可注射水凝胶。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案予以实现。
本发明的一种可注射两性离子水凝胶及其制备方法,按照下述步骤进行:
(1)将3-[[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧)乙基]二甲基铵]丙酸酯(CBMA-OH)单体和自由基引发剂溶解到水中,在绝氧条件下引发3-[[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧)乙基]二甲基铵]丙酸酯(CBMA-OH)单体的碳碳双键进行自由基聚合,得到两性离子聚合物(P(CBMA-OH)),所述自由基引发剂是3-[[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧)乙基]二甲基铵]丙酸酯(CBMA-OH)单体质量的0.5-1wt%;
(2)向步骤(1)反应溶液中加入碱进行中和,并将其放入冰浴中,然后向所述溶液中加入含有双键的酸类单体,在室温下步骤(1)制得的两性离子聚合物(P(CBMA-OH))的羟基与含有双键的酸类单体的羧基发生酯化反应,从而得到两性离子聚合物大分子(PCB-OAA)单体,所述步骤(1)中3-[[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧)乙基]二甲基铵]丙酸酯单体与步骤(2)中的含有双键的酸类单体的摩尔比为(1-10):1,所述含有双键的酸类单体选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸酐、甲基丙烯酸酐;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的两性离子聚合物大分子(PCB-OAA)单体和两端巯基的分子分别溶解于磷酸缓冲盐溶液(PBS)中配制成溶液,将两种溶液混合以使两性离子聚合物大分子(PCB-OAA)单体的双键与两端巯基的分子的巯基发生迈克尔加成反应;其中,反应体系中双键和巯基的比例为(1-10):(1-2),所述两端巯基的分子为二硫苏糖醇或两端巯基的聚乙二醇(数均分子量为1000-40000)。
步骤(1)中,所述引发剂是偶氮类引发剂,选自偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐、偶氮二异丙基咪唑啉盐酸盐、偶氮二氰基戊酸,优选偶氮二氰基戊酸;聚合反应温度为50-90℃,优选70℃;聚合反应时间为10-36h,优选24h。
步骤(2)中,所述中和反应溶液的碱选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾,优选碳酸氢钠;所述含有双键的酸类单体为丙烯酸酐;反应时间为10-36h,优选24h;反应结束后,对反应溶液进行透析、冻干,得到两性离子聚合物大分子(PCB-OAA)单体。
步骤(3)中,所述两端巯基的分子为二硫苏糖醇(DTT),反应体系中双键和巯基的比例为(1-5):1。
本发明的有益效果为:本发明提供一种可注射两性离子水凝胶及其制备方法,该制备方法简单,通过调控反应体系中大分子单体和两端巯基小分子的浓度以及双键和巯基的比例来制备力学性能和成胶时间可调控的水凝胶,即本发明水凝胶的力学性能和成胶时间可根据实际使用需要进行改变,且制备得到的两性离子水凝胶具备可注射性。
附图说明
图1是本发明制备得到的两性离子聚合物大分子单体的核磁谱图。
图2是不同PCB-OAA溶液浓度和200mmol/L DTT反应得到水凝胶的流变性能。
具体实施方式
下面是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是限制本发明的范围。
本发明实施例中使用的药品如下表所示:
实施例1
步骤1,用天平称量4.9g 3-[[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧)乙基]二甲基铵]丙酸酯,28mg偶氮二氰基戊酸,适量的水放入三口烧瓶中,再抽真空充氮气多次,加热70℃开始反应,反应时间24h。
步骤2,反应完成后,将反应液降低到室温,加入8.4g碳酸氢钠中和溶液中的酸,将溶液冰水浴30min。再逐滴加入丙烯酸酐,加入后室温反应24h,最终得到两性离子聚合物大分子单体溶液。
步骤3,反应完成后,将反应后的溶液倒入透析袋中,透析3天,每天换水3次,将透析后的溶液冻干,得到两性离子聚合物大分子单体PCB-OAA。
步骤4,用天平将所制备的两性离子大分子单体PCB-OAA溶于PBS溶液中,制备成一定质量分数的溶液。质量分数为6%。
步骤5,用天平称量适量二硫苏糖醇(DTT)配置成浓度为200mmol/L的PBS溶液,然后将PCB-OAA溶液取200μL和DTT溶液20μL,混合形成凝胶。
实施例2
步骤1,用天平称量4.9g 3-[[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧)乙基]二甲基铵]丙酸酯,28mg偶氮二氰基戊酸,适量的水放入三口烧瓶中,再抽真空充氮气多次,加热70℃开始反应,反应时间24h。
步骤2,反应完成后,将反应液降低到室温,加入8.4g碳酸氢钠中和溶液中的酸,将溶液冰水浴30min。再逐滴加入丙烯酸酐,加入后室温反应24h,最终得到两性离子聚合物大分子单体溶液。
步骤3,反应完成后,将反应后的溶液倒入透析袋中,透析3天,每天换水3次,将透析后的溶液冻干,得到两性离子聚合物大分子单体PCB-OAA。
步骤4,用天平将所制备的两性离子大分子单体PCB-OAA溶于PBS溶液中,制备成一定质量分数的溶液。质量分数为9%。
步骤5,用天平称量适量二硫苏糖醇配置成浓度为150mmol/L的PBS溶液,然后将PCB-OAA溶液取200μL和DTT溶液20μL,混合形成凝胶。
实施例3
步骤1,用天平称量4.9g 3-[[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧)乙基]二甲基铵]丙酸酯,28mg偶氮二氰基戊酸,适量的水放入三口烧瓶中,再抽真空充氮气多次,加热70℃开始反应,反应时间24h。
步骤2,反应完成后,将反应液降低到室温,加入8.4g碳酸氢钠中和溶液中的酸,将溶液冰水浴30min。再逐滴加入丙烯酸酐,加入后室温反应24h,最终得到两性离子聚合物大分子单体溶液。
步骤3,反应完成后,将反应后的溶液倒入透析袋中,透析3天,每天换水3次,将透析后的溶液冻干,得到两性离子聚合物大分子单体PCB-OAA。
步骤4,用天平将所制备的两性离子大分子单体PCB-OAA溶于PBS溶液中,制备成一定质量分数的溶液。质量分数为12%。
步骤5,用天平称量适量二硫苏糖醇配置成浓度为100mmol/L的PBS溶液,然后将PCB-OAA溶液取200μL和DTT溶液20μL,混合形成凝胶。
对制备得到的两性离子聚合物大分子(PCB-OAA)单体进行核磁表征,由图1可见,大分子单体的核磁谱图中f峰为季铵盐的两个甲基上H的峰,h处的峰为双键上的H的峰,结果表征双键的成功接枝,且接枝率为22%,由此证明两性离子聚合物大分子(PCB-OAA)单体成功合成。
对本发明制得的水凝胶的流变性能进行测试,测试条件为:固定测试温度为37℃,应变3%,频率1Hz,其中双键和巯基的比例固定为1.285。由图2可见,本发明制得的水凝胶具有良好的流变性能,由此证明本发明制得的水凝胶具有可注射性。
对不同浓度和不同双键与巯基比例的水凝胶成胶时间进行测试,表1为反应体系中不同浓度的大分子单体和两端巯基小分子对应的双键和巯基的比例,测试结果如表2所示,由表2和图2可知道两种组分的浓度越大、双键和巯基的含量越高,成胶时间相对越短,凝胶的力学性能也有所改变,即通过调节双键和巯基的比例以及两种组分的浓度可使制备得到的凝胶力学性能以及成胶时间可调。
表1本发明制备得到的可注射两性离子水凝胶调控两组分的浓度和双键与巯基的比例
组成 | 双键:巯基 |
6%PCB-OAA+100mmol/LDTT | 2.57 |
6%PCB-OAA+150mmol/LDTT | 1.71 |
6%PCB-OAA+200mmol/LDTT | 1.285 |
7.5%PCB-OAA+150mmol/LDTT | 2.13 |
9%PCB-OAA+150mmol/LDTT | 2.57 |
12%PCB-OAA+150mmol/LDTT | 3.42 |
12%PCB-OAA+100mmol/LDTT | 5.14 |
表2本发明制备得到的可注射两性离子水凝胶的成胶时间
根据本发明内容进行工艺参数的调整,均可实现可注射两性离子水凝胶的制备,且表现出与本发明实施例基本一致的性能。
本发明公开和提出的方法,本领域技术人员可通过借鉴本文内容,适当改变条件路线等环节实现,尽管本发明的方法和制备技术已通过较佳实施例子进行了描述,相关技术人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和技术路线进行改动或重新组合,来实现最终的制备技术。特别需要指出的是,所有相类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,他们都被视为包括在本发明精神、范围和内容中。
Claims (8)
1.一种可注射两性离子水凝胶,其特征在于:由下述步骤制备得到:
(1)将3-[[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧)乙基]二甲基铵]丙酸酯单体和自由基引发剂溶解到水中,在绝氧条件下引发3-[[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧)乙基]二甲基铵]丙酸酯单体的碳碳双键进行自由基聚合,得到两性离子聚合物,所述自由基引发剂是3-[[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧)乙基]二甲基铵]丙酸酯单体质量的0.5-1wt%;
(2)向步骤(1)反应溶液中加入碱进行中和,并将其放入冰浴中,然后向所述溶液中加入含有双键的酸类单体,在室温下步骤(1)制得的两性离子聚合物的羟基与含有双键的酸类单体的羧基发生酯化反应,从而得到两性离子聚合物大分子单体,所述步骤(1)中3-[[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧)乙基]二甲基铵]丙酸酯单体与步骤(2)中的含有双键的酸类单体的摩尔比为(1-10):1,所述含有双键的酸类单体选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸酐、甲基丙烯酸酐;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的两性离子聚合物大分子单体和两端巯基的分子分别溶解于磷酸缓冲盐溶液中配制成溶液,将两种溶液混合以使两性离子聚合物大分子单体的双键与两端巯基的分子的巯基发生迈克尔加成反应,反应体系中双键和巯基的比例为(1-10):(1-2),所述两端巯基的分子为二硫苏糖醇或数均分子量为1000-40000的两端巯基的聚乙二醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可注射两性离子水凝胶,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述引发剂为偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐、偶氮二异丙基咪唑啉盐酸盐或者偶氮二氰基戊酸;聚合反应温度为50-90℃;聚合反应时间为10-36h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可注射两性离子水凝胶,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,所述步骤(1)中3-[[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧)乙基]二甲基铵]丙酸酯单体与步骤(2)中的含有双键的酸类单体的摩尔比为(2-8):1,所述中和反应溶液的碱为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸氢钠或者碳酸氢钾;所述含有双键的酸类单体为丙烯酸酐;反应时间为10-36h;反应结束后,对反应溶液进行透析、冻干,得到两性离子聚合物大分子单体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可注射两性离子水凝胶,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,所述两端巯基的分子为二硫苏糖醇,反应体系中双键和巯基的比例为(1-5):1。
5.一种可注射两性离子水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将3-[[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧)乙基]二甲基铵]丙酸酯单体和自由基引发剂溶解到水中,在绝氧条件下引发3-[[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧)乙基]二甲基铵]丙酸酯单体的碳碳双键进行自由基聚合,得到两性离子聚合物,所述自由基引发剂是3-[[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧)乙基]二甲基铵]丙酸酯单体质量的0.5-1wt%;
(2)向步骤(1)反应溶液中加入碱进行中和,并将其放入冰浴中,然后向所述溶液中加入含有双键的酸类单体,在室温下步骤(1)制得的两性离子聚合物的羟基与含有双键的酸类单体的羧基发生酯化反应,从而得到两性离子聚合物大分子单体,所述步骤(1)中3-[[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧)乙基]二甲基铵]丙酸酯单体与步骤(2)中的含有双键的酸类单体的摩尔比为(1-10):1,所述含有双键的酸类单体选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸酐、甲基丙烯酸酐;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的两性离子聚合物大分子单体和两端巯基的分子分别溶解于磷酸缓冲盐溶液中配制成溶液,将两种溶液混合以使两性离子聚合物大分子单体的双键与两端巯基的分子的巯基发生迈克尔加成反应,反应体系中双键和巯基的比例为(1-10):(1-2),所述两端巯基的分子为二硫苏糖醇或数均分子量为1000-40000的两端巯基的聚乙二醇。
6.根据权利要求5所述的可注射两性离子水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述引发剂为偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐、偶氮二异丙基咪唑啉盐酸盐或者偶氮二氰基戊酸;聚合反应温度为50-90℃;聚合反应时间为10-36h。
7.根据权利要求5所述的可注射两性离子水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,所述步骤(1)中3-[[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧)乙基]二甲基铵]丙酸酯单体与步骤(2)中的含有双键的酸类单体的摩尔比为(2-8):1,所述中和反应溶液的碱为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸氢钠或者碳酸氢钾;所述含有双键的酸类单体为丙烯酸酐;反应时间为10-36h;反应结束后,对反应溶液进行透析、冻干,得到两性离子聚合物大分子单体。
8.根据权利要求5所述的可注射两性离子水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,所述两端巯基的分子为二硫苏糖醇,反应体系中双键和巯基的比例为(1-5):1。
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