CN112535302A - Gas-roller conveying type catalytic infrared heating peeling method for tomatoes - Google Patents
Gas-roller conveying type catalytic infrared heating peeling method for tomatoes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tomato gas-roller conveying type catalytic infrared heating peeling method, and relates to the technical field of agricultural product and food processing. The method comprises the following steps: opening the front-section gas generator to heat the tomatoes by combustion flame for 10 s; and then sequentially entering a transmission roller chain to roll for 360 degrees and advance, heating for 4min at the temperature of 350 ℃ in catalytic infrared, and then breaking the epidermis to obtain a peeled tomato product. Compared with the prior common peeling method by hot water and alkali liquor, the dry peeling method of the invention has no waste water and is more environment-friendly, and the content of lycopene is respectively improved by 133 percent and 454 percent; compared with the static catalytic infrared peeling method, the method of the invention has the advantages of more uniform heating, shortened processing time by 17 percent and increased lycopene content by 77 percent. The method is more energy-saving and environment-friendly, the product quality is better, the continuous production efficiency is higher, and the industrial popularization value is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural product and food processing, in particular to a gas-roller conveying type catalytic infrared heating dry-method peeling technical method for fresh tomatoes.
Background
The tomatoes have rich nutritional value, and in recent years, the types of processed products, such as tomato sauce, preserved tomatoes, tomato cans and the like, are more and more, and the nutrition and eating convenience of the products are gradually concerned by people. Because the tomato peel is very hard and not popular with consumers, the first procedure in processing tomato products is peeling. The peeling method by alkali liquor and hot water is always a common peeling method in the tomato processing industry. However, the hot water peeling has the problems of high heat energy consumption and water resource waste caused by the need of using a large amount of water; the problems of large loss of excessively peeled pulp, high treatment cost of industrial waste liquid and the like are easily caused by the strong corrosiveness of alkali liquor in the peeling of the alkali liquor. Therefore, a new energy-efficient and environment-friendly peeling technology is urgently needed in industry. In recent years, the infrared dry peeling technology is more and more concerned by scholars at home and abroad due to the environmental protection effect of energy conservation and emission reduction of dry peeling, and the current technology mainly uses three heating modes of catalytic infrared, electric infrared and ceramic infrared. The catalytic infrared takes natural gas as a heat source, the natural gas is continuously converted into infrared radiation energy through catalysts such as palladium, platinum and the like, the catalytic infrared has the characteristics of high-efficiency heat energy conversion and environmental protection, and the integrity and good quality of edible pulp parts are effectively protected because only shallow layers on the surfaces of fruits and vegetables are heated due to short radiation distance. Catalytic infrared has a higher thermal energy conversion and lower peel loss than electrical infrared emitters have had low thermal energy conversion and higher power resulting in skin and flesh burns in tomatoes. Compared with the ceramic infrared emitter which needs to be provided with an ammeter for monitoring any faults which may occur, the catalytic infrared emitter is safer to use, is not easy to break and has longer service life. Although some research and development reports for peeling agricultural products by using catalytic infrared exist at home and abroad at present, the research and development reports are based on catalytic infrared processing equipment in a static state, and the problems of uneven heating of fruits and vegetables, low peeling efficiency, poor product quality, unreasonable equipment structural design, high energy consumption, incapability of continuous automatic production and the like caused by infrared local heating exist. In order to solve the problems of poor heating uniformity, unreasonable structural design and the like of the existing domestic and foreign catalytic infrared processing equipment, the patent creates a gas-roller conveying type catalytic infrared heating peeling device with more scientific structural design, and the tomato is driven to roll for 360 degrees by a conveying roller chain, so that the tomato skin is heated more uniformly by catalytic infrared, and the peeling efficiency is improved; in addition, a gas heating generator is arranged at the front section of the equipment, and the skin of the tomatoes is rapidly heated by means of direct-fired flame to rapidly raise the temperature to high temperature so as to shorten the time required by the catalytic infrared heating at the rear section and reduce the pulp quality loss. At present, no research report of continuous fruit and vegetable dry-method peeling equipment and technical method combining gas heating and roller transmission type catalytic infrared heating is found at home and abroad, and a complete set of process scheme and processing equipment are urgently needed to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of poor heating uniformity, unreasonable structural design and the like of the current domestic and foreign catalytic infrared processing equipment, the invention develops a gas-roller transmission catalytic infrared heating dry peeling technical method for tomatoes, and the peeling method which uses a peeling mode that a front-mounted gas generator is fired by flame to instantly heat peel to high temperature and the back-stage infrared continuous high-temperature heating is adopted, so that the whole processing time is shortened, no water is used in the processing process, and the purposes of high-efficiency peeling, emission reduction and environmental protection are achieved; meanwhile, the automatic continuous production of peeling the tomatoes is realized by a roller chain conveying type design mode, the tomatoes are heated more uniformly, the reduction of pulp quality due to local overheating is avoided, and the purpose of better protecting the pulp quality is achieved.
The invention relates to a tomato gas-roller conveying type catalytic infrared heating peeling method, which is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) and starting a button of the catalytic infrared heating generator to electrically heat and preheat the catalytic infrared heating generator for 15min, then closing the electric heating, and starting the liquefied gas valve to heat the catalytic infrared plate to the set heating temperature of 300-.
(2) Opening the front segment gas heating generator to enable the tomatoes to enter combustion flame in sequence to be heated for 5-25 s; then the tomatoes enter 3 conveying roller chains respectively through a reversing groove in sequence, and the tomatoes roll and advance on the conveying roller chains at 360 degrees through the forward movement of a speed regulating motor and a rack, so that the tomatoes are heated at the catalytic infrared heating temperature of 300-5 ℃ for 1-5min, then the skin is broken, and peeled tomato products are obtained after peeling.
Preferably, the catalytic infrared heating temperature in the step (1) is 350 ℃;
preferably, the flame heating time in the step (2) is 10 s;
preferably, the catalytic infrared heating time in the step (2) is 4 min.
The peeling rate of the peeled tomato product obtained by the invention can reach 100 percent; compared with the traditional peeling method by hot water and alkali liquor, the dry peeling method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that no wastewater is generated, the purposes of emission reduction and environmental protection are achieved, the lycopene content and hardness of tomato pulp are higher, and the quality is better; compared with the only static catalytic infrared peeling method at home and abroad at present, the method of the invention has the advantages of more uniform heating, processing time shortened by 17%, higher lycopene content in tomato pulp, higher automatic continuous production efficiency and higher industrial popularization value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the traditional peeling mode by hot water and alkali liquor, the peeling mode by the gas-roller conveying type catalytic infrared heating dry method does not generate any waste water, the lycopene content in the pulp is respectively improved by 133% and 454%, the pulp hardness is higher, the obvious advantages of emission reduction, environmental protection, higher product quality after peeling and the like are shown, and the peeling method can be applied to the peeling processing field of food and agricultural products.
(2) Compared with the only static catalytic infrared processing equipment at home and abroad at present, the gas-roller conveying catalytic infrared processing equipment has higher heat energy utilization rate and more uniform heating, so that the processing time is shortened by 17%, the quality of a peeled product is higher, and the content of lycopene in pulp is improved by 77%. The tomato is rapidly preheated at high temperature by means of direct-fired flame, so that the tomato skin is rapidly softened, and then the tomato is transferred into the rear-section catalytic infrared heating through the conveying roller chain, so that the tomato rolls and moves forward on the conveying roller chain for 360 degrees, the heating is more uniform, the peeling time can be shortened, and the fruit quality can be better protected. At present, the gas-roller conveying type catalytic infrared heating peeling equipment and technology are still blank at home and abroad.
(3) The gas-roller conveying type catalytic infrared heating peeling technology adopted by the invention has the advantages of low cost, simple equipment, high automatic continuous production efficiency, no complicated operation steps, good peeling effect, great advantages in the aspects of commercialization, standardization and marketization of technology and equipment, and higher industrial popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a static catalytic infrared skinning apparatus. Wherein 1 is a pressure control valve, 2 is a catalytic infrared generator, 3 is a gas delivery pipe, 4 is a gas pressure gauge, 5 is liquefied gas, and 6 is a sample placing plate.
Fig. 2 and 3 are a side view and a front view of the structure of the gas-roller conveying type catalytic infrared heating peeling device respectively. The device comprises a gas generator 1, a 2-position reversing cylinder, a front-section speed regulating motor 3, a reversing wheel 4, a reversing groove 5, a guide groove 6, a rack 7, an 8-position conveying roller chain, a catalytic infrared generator 9, a rear-section speed regulating motor 10, a synchronizing wheel 11 and a guide device 12.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples and with reference to the data. The examples of the present invention are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
The invention takes fresh tomatoes as raw materials. The peeling effect is to examine the peeling rate of the sample; the pulp quality is the lycopene content and hardness of the examined sample. The peel rate was determined as the percentage of the area of peel removed to the total surface area of fresh tomatoes. The hardness index was measured by a physical property meter. The determination method of lycopene content adopts colorimetric method.
FIG. 1 shows a static catalytic IR peeling apparatus of the present invention, which is equipped with upper and lower 2 catalytic IR generators 2. Firstly, the liquefied gas 5 is started to enter the catalytic infrared generator 2 through the gas conveying pipe 3, the catalytic infrared plate is heated to a certain heating temperature through the control pressure control valve 1 and the gas pressure meter 4, then the tomatoes are placed on the sample placing plate 6, the skin of the tomatoes is cracked after being heated for a period of time at the temperature set by the catalytic infrared generator 2, and peeled tomato products are obtained after peeling.
Fig. 2 and 3 show a gas-roller conveyor catalytic infrared heating debarking installation according to the invention, equipped with a gas generator 1 in the front section and a catalytic infrared generator 9 in the rear section. Firstly, the catalytic infrared generator 9 is started, and the liquefied gas valve is opened to heat the catalytic infrared plate to a certain heating temperature. Then, the gas generator 1 at the front section is opened, and the tomatoes enter combustion flames in sequence to be heated for a period of time. Then the direction of the tomato is switched by the reversing cylinder 2 and the front-section speed regulating motor 3 to drive the reversing wheel 4 to control the reversing groove 5 in the middle section to make the tomato sequentially pass through the guide groove 6 at a certain speed and respectively enter the 3 conveying roller chains 8. The rear-section speed regulating motor 10 drives the synchronizing wheel 11 and the guide device 12 to drive the transmission roller chain to move forwards together, meanwhile, the forward movement of the rack 7 drives the rollers to rotate, and the tomatoes roll and move forwards on the transmission roller chain at a certain speed by 360 degrees together, so that the tomatoes are heated for a period of time at the temperature set by the rear-section catalytic infrared generator 9, the skin of the tomatoes breaks, and peeled tomato products are obtained after peeling.
Comparative example 1: peeling with hot water
The hot water peeling method of fresh tomatoes comprises the following steps:
weighing the mass of fresh tomatoes, and weighing a certain amount of distilled water according to the mass-volume ratio of 1: 4. Heating distilled water to 95 deg.C, peeling fructus Lycopersici Esculenti in hot water for 3min to break its epidermis, and peeling to obtain peeled fructus Lycopersici Esculenti product, with specific results shown in Table 4.
Comparative example 2: peeling with alkali solution
The alkali liquor peeling method of fresh tomatoes comprises the following steps:
weighing fresh tomatoes, preparing 6% NaOH solution, and measuring a certain amount of NaOH solution according to the mass-volume ratio of 1: 4. Heating NaOH solution to 95 ℃, then placing the tomatoes in hot NaOH solution to heat and peel for 3min to break the skin, and obtaining peeled tomato products after peeling, wherein the specific results are shown in Table 4.
Comparative example 3: static catalytic infrared peeling
The static catalytic infrared peeling method of fresh tomatoes comprises the following steps:
(1) and starting a catalytic infrared generator button to electrically heat and preheat the catalytic infrared generator button for 15min, then closing the electric heating, and starting a liquefied gas valve to heat the catalytic infrared plate to the set heating temperature of 450 ℃.
(2) Placing tomatoes on a sample placing plate, heating at the catalytic infrared heating temperature of 450 ℃ for 5min, then breaking the epidermis, and peeling to obtain peeled tomato products, wherein the specific results are shown in Table 4.
Example 1: gas-roller conveying type catalytic infrared heating peeling machine
The gas-roller conveying type catalytic infrared heating peeling method for fresh tomatoes comprises the following steps:
(1) and starting a catalytic infrared generator button to electrically heat and preheat the catalytic infrared generator button for 15min, then closing the electric heating, and starting a liquefied gas valve to heat the catalytic infrared plate to the set heating temperature of 350 ℃.
(2) Opening the front-section gas generator to enable the tomatoes to sequentially enter combustion flame to be heated for 5 s; then the tomatoes enter 3 conveying roller chains respectively through a reversing groove in sequence, and then the tomatoes roll and move forwards on the conveying roller chains at 360 degrees through a speed regulating motor and a rack, so that the tomatoes are heated at the catalytic infrared heating temperature of 350 ℃ for 3min, then the skin is cracked, and peeled tomato products are obtained after peeling.
(3) Determination of the peeling rate, lycopene content and hardness of the samples:
the method for measuring the peeling rate comprises the following steps: the percentage of the area of peel removed to the total surface area of fresh tomatoes.
The determination method of the lycopene content comprises the following steps: weighing 4g of peeled tomato pulp, homogenizing, adding 20mL of mixed solution of n-hexane, acetone and ethanol in a volume ratio of 2:1:1, fully shaking and mixing, standing for 20min in a dark condition, adding 10mL of distilled water, mixing uniformly, pouring into a separating funnel, layering, taking out an n-hexane layer, diluting to a proper multiple, and measuring the light absorption value at a wavelength of 472 nm.
The calculation formula of the lycopene content is as follows:
wherein L is lycopene content, mg/kg; n is the dilution multiple; a is a light absorption value; m is the sample mass, kg; 0.0312 is a conversion factor, mg.
The hardness measurement method comprises the following steps: and (4) measuring the hardness of the peeled tomato pulp by using a physical property instrument. Selecting a cylindrical probe with the diameter of 2mm to test the probe, wherein the speed before the test, the speed during the test and the speed after the test are all 1 mm/s; data acquisition rate: 100 times/s; trigger value: 0.10N. The curve was recorded as Final with a load displacement of 10 mm.
Example 2:
the experimental treatment was the same as in example 1, except that the flame heating time was 10 seconds, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
Example 3:
the experimental treatment was the same as in example 1, except that the flame heating time was 15 seconds, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
Example 4:
the experimental treatment was the same as in example 1, except that the flame heating time was 20 seconds, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
Example 5:
the experimental treatment was the same as in example 1 except that the flame heating time was 25 seconds, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of different flame heating times on peeling rate, lycopene content and hardness
As can be seen from Table 1 for the peeling ratios of the samples of comparative examples 1 to 5, the longer the flame heating time, the higher the peeling ratio. The peeling rate of the tomatoes in the rest time is 100 percent except that the flame heating time is 5 s. The flame combustion of 10-25s and the catalytic infrared heating at the temperature of 350 ℃ for 3min at the later stage are shown to achieve the purpose of peeling the tomatoes. However, the flame heating time was too long, and the firmness of peeled tomatoes was found to be low when the flame heating time was 15s or more, probably because the high temperature heating of the flame broke the pectin structure next to the tomato skin, breaking it down and causing a decrease in the flesh firmness. For product texture considerations, flame heating times of 5-10 seconds are recommended. It was also found that the lycopene content increased first and then decreased with increasing flame heating time, and it is evident that the lycopene content was highest at 15s flame heating time, followed by 10s and 20s, and thus 10-20s was more suitable in view of the lycopene content. The flame heating time of 10s is most suitable by comprehensively considering the experimental results of the peeling rate, the lycopene content and the hardness.
Example 6:
the experimental treatment process was the same as in example 1, except that the flame heating time was 10s, the catalytic infrared heating temperature was 300 ℃, and the specific results are shown in table 2.
Example 7:
the experimental treatment was the same as in example 1, except that the flame heating time was 10 seconds, and the specific results are shown in Table 2.
Example 8:
the experimental treatment process was the same as in example 1 except that the flame heating time was 10s and the catalytic infrared heating temperature was 400 deg.C, the specific results are shown in Table 2.
Example 9:
the experimental treatment process was the same as in example 1 except that the flame heating time was 10s and the catalytic infrared heating temperature was 450 deg.C, and the specific results are shown in Table 2.
Example 10:
the experimental treatment process was the same as in example 1 except that the flame heating time was 10 seconds, the catalytic infrared heating temperature was 500 ℃, and the specific results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 influence of different catalytic Infrared heating temperatures on the peeling Rate, lycopene content and hardness
As can be seen from the skin peeling rates of the samples of comparative examples 6 to 10 in Table 2, the skin peeling rates of tomatoes reached 100% at the remaining infrared heating temperatures except for the infrared heating temperature of 300 ℃. The catalytic infrared heating temperature is higher than 300 ℃ to achieve the purpose of peeling the tomatoes. It was also found that the lycopene content showed a tendency to increase first and then decrease with increasing infrared heating temperature. When the infrared heating temperature is between 300 ℃ and 400 ℃, the lycopene content is gradually increased, but when the temperature exceeds 400 ℃, the lycopene content shows a trend of decreasing, and the lycopene content is higher when the infrared radiation temperature is 350 ℃ and 400 ℃. The texture of the product is also an important index for evaluating the quality of tomato products, when the infrared heating temperature is 400 ℃ and above, the hardness of peeled tomatoes is lower, and the surface temperature of the infrared radiation plate is higher, which means that more natural gas is consumed. Therefore, the infrared heating temperature of 350 ℃ is most suitable in consideration of the results of the above-mentioned peeling rate, lycopene content and hardness.
Example 11:
the experimental treatment process was the same as in example 1, except that the flame heating time was 10s, and the catalytic infrared heating time was 1min, and the specific results are shown in table 3.
Example 12:
the experimental treatment process was the same as in example 1, except that the flame heating time was 10s, and the catalytic infrared heating time was 2min, and the specific results are shown in table 3.
Example 13:
the experimental treatment was the same as in example 1, except that the flame heating time was 10 seconds, and the specific results are shown in Table 3.
Example 14:
the experimental treatment process was the same as in example 1, except that the flame heating time was 10s, and the catalytic infrared heating time was 4min, and the specific results are shown in table 3.
Example 15:
the experimental treatment process was the same as in example 1, except that the flame heating time was 10s, and the catalytic infrared heating time was 5min, and the specific results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Effect of different catalytic Infrared heating times on peeling Rate, lycopene content and hardness
As can be seen from the peeling ratios of the samples of comparative examples 11 to 15 in Table 3, the peeling ratios of tomatoes under the infrared heating time were 100% except for the infrared heating time of 1min and 2min, and thus the infrared heating time was at least 3 min. It can also be seen from table 3 that the lycopene content shows a tendency to increase first and then decrease with time, with the highest lycopene content when the infrared heating time is 4min, followed by 5 min. However, the hardness of peeled tomatoes is lowest when the infrared heating time is 5min, so that the catalytic infrared heating time of 4min is most suitable.
It was found by comparing examples 1-15 that the tomatoes of example 14 had the best peel rate, lycopene content and hardness, thus determining the best parameters for the gas-roller conveyor catalytic infrared heating peeling process (i.e., the operating conditions of example 14) as follows: the flame heating time is 10s, the catalytic infrared heating temperature is 350 ℃, and the catalytic infrared heating time is 4 min.
TABLE 4 Effect of different peeling patterns on peeling rate, lycopene content and hardness
The comparative analysis table 4 shows that when the tomatoes are peeled by four modes respectively, the four modes can achieve 100% peeling effect under the optimal parameters. However, the tomato has the lowest lycopene content and hardness under the lye peeling treatment. The alkali liquor has an effect of burning and degrading the peel and the pulp of the tomato, the peel and part of the pulp of the tomato are removed after the tomato is treated by the alkali liquor, the peeled pulp of the tomato does not have good integrity and is accompanied by peculiar smell, the tomato pulp has a certain destruction effect on lycopene, and the product quality is the worst; the lycopene content of the tomato pulp subjected to hot water peeling and static catalytic infrared peeling treatment is also obviously lower than that of the tomato subjected to gas-roller conveying type catalytic infrared heating peeling treatment. Compared with the traditional peeling method by using hot water and alkali liquor, the dry peeling method of the invention has no waste water, is more environment-friendly and emission-reduced, and the lycopene content in the pulp is respectively increased by 133% and 454%. Compared with the only static catalytic infrared peeling method at home and abroad at present, the gas-roller conveying catalytic infrared heating peeling method has the advantages of more uniform heating, shorter processing time, shortened time by 17 percent and increased lycopene content by 77 percent. In conclusion, the gas-roller conveying type catalytic infrared heating dry peeling method is more energy-saving and environment-friendly, tomato pulp keeps good integrity, the quality is better, the automatic continuous production efficiency is higher, and the industrial popularization value is higher.
Claims (4)
1. A gas-roller conveying type catalytic infrared heating peeling method for tomatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) starting a button of the catalytic infrared heating generator to electrically heat and preheat the catalytic infrared heating generator for 15min, then closing the electric heating, and starting the liquefied gas valve to heat the catalytic infrared plate to the set heating temperature of 300-;
(2) opening the front segment gas heating generator to enable the tomatoes to enter combustion flame in sequence to be heated for 5-25 s; then the tomatoes enter 3 conveying roller chains respectively through a reversing groove in sequence, and the tomatoes roll and advance on the conveying roller chains at 360 degrees through the forward movement of a speed regulating motor and a rack, so that the tomatoes are heated at the catalytic infrared heating temperature of 300-5 ℃ for 1-5min, then the skin is broken, and peeled tomato products are obtained after peeling.
2. The gas-roller conveyor catalytic infrared heating tomato peeling method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the catalytic infrared heating temperature in step (1) is 350 ℃.
3. The gas-roller conveyor catalytic infrared heating peeling method for tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein said flame heating time in step (2) is 10 s.
4. The gas-roller conveyor catalytic infrared heating peeling method for tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the catalytic infrared heating time in the step (2) is 4 min.
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Application publication date: 20210323 |