CN101911983A - Method for pre-treating oil crop seeds by using microwave - Google Patents
Method for pre-treating oil crop seeds by using microwave Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the food processing field, and particularly relates to a microwave treatment method before oil crop seeds are cold-pressed to produce oil. A method for pre-treating oil crop seeds by using microwave is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) adjusting the mass water content of the oil crop seeds to between 7 and 30 percent, and stirring the oil crop seeds uniformly; (2) uniformly spreading the oil crop seeds after the water content adjustment in a container, adjusting microwave power and microwave time, and performing microwave treatment on the oil crop seeds to obtain a final temperature of between 80 and 150 DEG C; and (3) spreading and cooling the oil crop seeds after the microwave treatment, and then performing cold pressing or peeling and cold pressing to produce oil. The method for treating the oil crop seeds is favorable for increasing the yield of cold-pressed oil and improving the quality of the cold-pressed oil.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to food processing field, relate to a kind of microwave treatment method of before the oil crop seeds by using cold pressing oil, carrying out specifically, help improving the pressed oil yield and improve the pressed oil quality after adopting this method to handle oil crop seeds by using.
Background technology
Oil crops are most important sources of vegetable fat and protein, in the effective supply that guarantees grease and protein, improve eating patterns, promote aspects such as aquaculture and processing industry development all to occupy critical role.Grease and protein consumption figure are one of important indicators of weighing living standards of the people per capita, and oil meal also is the high-quality feed protein resource of developing animal husbandry.The oil crops year planting scale (400,000,000 mu) of China, the plant husbandry output value (1,500 hundred million yuan) and covering peasant employment (more than 400,000,000 people) all are only second to the three big cereal cereal crops of being intended to obtain starch at present.
Vegetable oil extracting method commonly used at present mainly comprises milling process and lixiviation process, and wherein, lixiviation process generally is used for the low oil plant of oil content, and for example soybean oil produces; Milling process generally is used for the high oil plant of oil content, and for example rapeseed oil produces.Lixiviation process grouts resid amount is low, but has a lot of industrial defectives, causes pollution, running cost height, the high-temperature process of atmosphere to cause problems such as oil quality reduction as dissolvent residual, VOC discharging.Compare simple to operate, the safety of milling process, but grouts residual oil content height with the solvent lixiviation process.Milling process is divided into two kinds: cold press and hot moulding.It is edible that pressed oil does not need refining, does not relate to any chemical treatment, has kept oily ecosystem characteristic preferably, and therefore, market is increasing for the demand of pressed oil, for example the cold press rapeseed oil.Yet, to compare with hot moulding, the cold press oil yield is relatively low.
For overcoming the low problem of pressed oil oil yield, before squeezing oilseed being carried out suitable preliminary treatment is a selectable approach, and wishes the micro-nutrient composition of this preprocess method in can reservation grease as much as possible, as phytosterol and vitamin E etc.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of pre-treating oil crop seeds by using microwave, this method can improve the cold press oil yield and improve the pressed oil nutritional quality.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of method of pre-treating oil crop seeds by using microwave is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
(1) mass water content with oil crop seeds by using is adjusted to 7%～30%, stirs;
(2) oil crop seeds by using that will regulate then after the water content evenly is tiled in the container, regulates microwave power and microwave time, and oil crop seeds by using is carried out microwave treatment, makes final temperature reach 80 ℃～150 ℃ (temperature of oil crop seeds by using in the container);
(3) with the cooling of the oil crop seeds by using airing after the microwave treatment, cold pressing oil or decortication (shell) cold pressing oil then.
The described oil crop seeds by using of step (1) is rapeseed, soybean, tea seed, tealeaves seed, shelled peanut, flax, sesame, sunflower seeds, cottonseed, walnut, purple perilla, grape pip, olive, rice bran, maize, castor-oil plant or Chinese tallow tree.
The described mass water content with oil crop seeds by using of step (1) is adjusted to 7%～30% method: oil crop seeds by using is slowly added water (running water) while stirring, for guaranteeing the even distribution of moisture and further being penetrated into cell interior, continue to stir 5min～20min after adding water, mixing speed is 50rpm～200rpm.Can use quality controling machine to carry out water content and regulate processing, quality controling machine band stirring arm and mixing speed are adjustable.
Step (2) is described will regulate oil crop seeds by using after the water content and evenly be tiled in THICKNESS CONTROL in the container at 1cm～20cm, to guarantee the microwave penetration effect.
Step (2) is described, and oil crop seeds by using is carried out microwave treatment is batch (-type) processing microwave treatment or continous way processing microwave treatment, and microwave equipment is recommended to adopt the microwave equipment that uses on the suitability for industrialized production, as the tunnel type micro wave stove.
The described range of microwave power of step (2) can be selected between 2000W～6000W according to the microwave equipment disposal ability.
The described microwave time range of step (2) can be selected between 2min～10min according to microwave equipment disposal ability and selected power.
The described cooling of step (3) is meant and at room temperature is cooled to room temperature～60 ℃.
The described cold pressing oil temperature of step (3) is no more than 80 ℃, but to microwave treatment rear peeling cold pressing oils such as rapeseed, sunflower seeds, to cold pressing oil after the microwave treatment that can shell earlier again such as tea seed.
Microwave treatment can be carried out rapid thermal treatment to oil crop seeds by using, change the oilseed cell wall structure on the one hand and improve oil yield efficiency, enzymes such as the lipase in the passivation seed, LOX on the other hand, improve oil oxidative stability, also may increase natural active matter such as vitamin E, phytosterol in the grease simultaneously, thereby improve the grease nutritional quality.
The pressed oil product of the inventive method gained adopts acid number, peroxide value, heat run, oxidation induction period to weigh its quality and oxidation stability, wherein the mensuration of acid number, peroxide value is with reference to the concerned countries standard, and the mensuration of oxidation induction period adopts the stable analyzer (Rancimat method) of Oxidation of Fat and Oils; Adopt the content of micro constitutents such as vitamin E, phytosterol, (vegetable seed) polyphenol to weigh its nutritional quality, vitamin E is formed and Determination on content adopts high performance liquid chromatography, the composition of phytosterol and Determination on content adopt gas chromatography, and (vegetable seed) polyphenol adopts AAS; Adopt color and luster to weigh its outward appearance, it is measured and adopts the Lovibond colorimetric method.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) from the dynamics angle, the permeability of cell membrane and/or cell membrane is the key factor of restriction product extraction rate and extraction efficiency, so smudge cells can quicken the extraction of product greatly.The present invention adopts microwave technology that oil crop seeds by using is carried out preliminary treatment to improve the oil yield efficiency of cold pressing oil, its principle is based on following 2 aspects: the one, and heat transforms by microwave and obtains and do not have a problem of transmission, therefore microwave treatment can realize high-intensity even heating, compare with prior heat treatment, the energy transfer process of microwave treatment is strengthened, so the processing time can significantly shorten; The 2nd, polar molecule polar molecule that particularly dielectric coefficient is bigger in the oil crop seeds by using such as water absorb microwave and produce heat, vaporization or expansion take place, interior osmotic pressure increases and the eucaryotic cell structure of destruction material, make the diffusion duct of grease become big, the extraction resistance reduces, the intracellular grease stripping of oil crop seeds by using becomes and is more prone to, thereby shortens grease extraction time, improves grease extraction efficiency (promptly having improved the cold press oil yield).
(2) microwave treatment is owing to dielectric material own loss energy of electromagnetic field makes the material heating up, and water is to absorb the best dielectric material of microwave.Destroy cyto-architectural principle according to the material Microwave Pretreatment, safe storage moisture and results back moisture distribution situation in conjunction with material, the present invention proposes to regulate material moisture (7～30wt%) before Microwave Pretreatment, it just is the vaporization medium with water, adding water stirs moistening material and it is penetrated in the material cell, make in the microwave processing process, be not only in the cell tissue in conjunction with moisture, the more important thing is that the Free water that comprises as the vaporization medium vaporization takes place and makes the oil crop seeds by using cytoclasis more thorough, thereby improve grease extraction efficiency (promptly having improved the cold press oil yield).
(3) compare without the method for the direct cold pressing oil of preliminary treatment with present oil crop seeds by using, this method is carried out microwave treatment can make enzyme such as the inactivations such as lipase, LOX that cause the grease decomposing oxidation in the cell, avoid extracting and storage in the decomposition and the enzymatic oxidation of grease, thereby improve the cold press oil oxidation stability.In addition, because the destruction of cell, vitamin E in the grease, phytosterol etc. some to have an accompaniment stripping of physiologically active more, thereby improved the nutritive value (promptly having improved the pressed oil nutritional quality) of pressed oil, and these materials also have certain antioxygenic property, thereby also are key factors improving the pressed oil oxidation stability.
(4) with traditional oil plant preconditioning technique as rolling elder generation's destruction eucaryotic cell structures such as steaming stir-frys behind the embryo and carry out damp and hot again or dry heat treatment being compared, the inventive method is the follow-up material that is unfavorable for grease outward appearance and use and oxidation stability that needs refining to remove such as the pigment in the stripping grease, phosphatide still less, therefore the pressed oil that makes of this method follow-uply need not come unstuck, processing such as decolouring can satisfy related standard requirements, simplify manufacturing procedure, reduced processing cost.
The specific embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, further illustrate content of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, but content of the present invention not only is confined to the following examples.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of method of pre-treating oil crop seeds by using microwave, it comprises the steps:
(1) regulates moisture: take by weighing 100kg removes exogenous impurities such as soil block, shell, stalk, iron block through cleaning moisture mass content and be 7.6% rapeseed, in quality controling machine, slowly add water 5.4kg while stirring, the mass water content of rapeseed is adjusted to 13.0%, continue to stir 15min after adding water, mixing speed is 100rpm.
(2) microwave treatment: rapeseed is tiled on the tunnel type micro wave stove conveyer belt, and rapeseed tiling thickness is 3cm, regulates microwave power to 4kW, and microwave treatment 6min makes the whole temperature of rapeseed in the container reach 120 ℃.
(3) cold pressing oil: to room temperature (detect the rapeseed water content this moment is 4.2wt%), with cold pressing expeller squeezing system oil, oil outlet temperature is 45 ℃ with the rapeseed airing.
Interpretation of result: the dregs of rapeseed cake Residual oil is reduced to 15.68wt% by the 29.88wt% of microwave treatment not, and oil yield of the present invention obviously improves; 110 ℃ of oxidation induction periods of cold press rapeseed oil extend to 15.96 hours by 5.98 hours of microwave treatment not, and oxidation stability is obviously improved; Content of vitamin E is increased to 67mg/100g by the 48mg/100g of microwave treatment not in the cold press rapeseed oil, phytosterol content is increased to 879mg/100g by 768mg/100g, polyphenol from rapeseed content is increased to 66mg/100g by 40mg/100g, and the pressed oil nutritional quality improves; Cold press rapeseed oil color measuring result is Y21R3.4, and acid number is 0.9mgKOH/g, and peroxide value is 0.6meq/kg, and heat run result shoals for oil colours, no precipitate, and these quality index all can satisfy the requirement of 3 grades of indexs of rapeseed oil national standard.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of method of pre-treating oil crop seeds by using microwave, it comprises the steps:
(1) regulates moisture: take by weighing 50kg removes exogenous impurities such as soil block, peanut shell, iron block through cleaning moisture mass content and be 9.6% shelled peanut (really), in quality controling machine, slowly add water 2.7kg while stirring, the mass water content of peanut is adjusted to 15%, continue to stir 20min after adding water, mixing speed is 150rpm.
(2) microwave treatment: shelled peanut is tiled on the tunnel type micro wave stove conveyer belt, and shelled peanut tiling thickness is 2cm, regulates microwave power to 4.8kW, and microwave treatment 4min makes the whole temperature of shelled peanut in the container reach 110 ℃.
(3) cold pressing oil: the shelled peanut spreading for cooling to room temperature, is sloughed the scarlet of shelled peanut and separated scarlet through selection by winnowing, and with cold pressing expeller squeezing system oil, oil outlet temperature is 60 ℃.
Interpretation of result: the peanut dregs Residual oil is reduced to 11.63wt% by the 26.14wt% of microwave treatment not, and oil yield of the present invention obviously improves; 110 ℃ of oxidation induction periods of cold press peanut oil extend to 18.24 hours by 10.98 hours of microwave treatment not, and oxidation stability is obviously improved; Content of vitamin E is increased to 37mg/100g by the 26mg/100g of microwave treatment not in the cold press peanut oil, and phytosterol content is increased to 221mg/100g by 176mg/100g, and nutritional quality improves; Cold press peanut oil color measuring result is Y15R1.2, and acid number is 0.6mgKOH/g, and peroxide value is 1.7meq/kg, and heat run result is that oil colours is constant, no precipitate, and these quality index all can satisfy the requirement of 1 grade of index of squeezing finished product peanut oil national standard.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of method of pre-treating oil crop seeds by using microwave, it comprises the steps:
(1) regulates moisture: take by weighing 100kg removes exogenous impurities such as soil block, shell, stalk, iron block through cleaning moisture mass content and be 6.0% sunflower seeds, in quality controling machine, slowly add water while stirring, the mass water content of sunflower seeds is adjusted to 7.0%, continue to stir 5min after adding water, mixing speed is 50rpm.
(2) microwave treatment: the sunflower seeds that will regulate after the water content is tiled on the tunnel type micro wave stove conveyer belt, and sunflower seeds tiling thickness is 1cm, regulates microwave power to 2kW, and microwave treatment 2min makes the whole temperature of sunflower seeds in the container reach 80 ℃.
(3) cold pressing oil: to room temperature (detect the sunflower seeds water content this moment is 4.2wt%), with cold pressing expeller squeezing system oil, oil outlet temperature is 45 ℃ with the sunflower seeds airing.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of method of pre-treating oil crop seeds by using microwave, it comprises the steps:
(1) regulates moisture: take by weighing 100kg removes exogenous impurities such as soil block, shell, stalk, iron block through cleaning moisture mass content and be 7.6% rapeseed, in quality controling machine, slowly add water while stirring, the mass water content of rapeseed is adjusted to 15.0%, continue to stir 20min after adding water, mixing speed is 200rpm.
(2) microwave treatment: rapeseed is tiled on the tunnel type micro wave stove conveyer belt, and rapeseed tiling thickness is 20cm, regulates microwave power to 6kW, and microwave treatment 8min makes the whole temperature of rapeseed in the container reach 120 ℃.
(3) cold pressing oil: to room temperature (detect the rapeseed water content this moment is 6.2wt%), with cold pressing expeller squeezing system oil, oil outlet temperature is 45 ℃ with the rapeseed airing.
Each raw material that the present invention is cited, and the bound of each raw material of the present invention, interval value, and the bound of technological parameter (as temperature, time etc.), interval value can both realize the present invention, do not enumerate embodiment one by one at this.
Above embodiment is the unrestricted technical scheme of the present invention in order to explanation only, although the foregoing description has been described in detail the present invention, the person skilled of this area is to be understood that: can make amendment or replace on an equal basis the present invention, but any modification and the local replacement that do not break away from spirit and scope of the invention all should be encompassed in the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the method for a pre-treating oil crop seeds by using microwave is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
(1) mass water content with oil crop seeds by using is adjusted to 7%～30%, stirs;
(2) oil crop seeds by using that will regulate then after the water content evenly is tiled in the container, regulates microwave power and microwave time, and oil crop seeds by using is carried out microwave treatment, makes final temperature reach 80 ℃～150 ℃;
(3) the oil crop seeds by using airing after the microwave treatment is cooled off, then cold pressing oil or decortication cold pressing oil.
2. the method for a kind of pre-treating oil crop seeds by using microwave according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described oil crop seeds by using of step (1) is rapeseed, soybean, tea seed, tealeaves seed, shelled peanut, flax, sesame, sunflower seeds, cottonseed, walnut, purple perilla, grape pip, olive, rice bran, maize, castor-oil plant or Chinese tallow tree.
3. the method for a kind of pre-treating oil crop seeds by using microwave according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described mass water content with oil crop seeds by using of step (1) is adjusted to 7%～30% method and is: oil crop seeds by using is added water while stirring, continue to stir 5min～20min after adding water, mixing speed is 50rpm～200rpm.
4. the method for a kind of pre-treating oil crop seeds by using microwave according to claim 1 is characterized in that: step (2) is described will regulate oil crop seeds by using after the water content and evenly be tiled in THICKNESS CONTROL in the container at 1cm～20cm.
5. the method for a kind of pre-treating oil crop seeds by using microwave according to claim 1 is characterized in that: step (2) is described, and oil crop seeds by using is carried out microwave treatment is batch (-type) processing microwave treatment or continous way processing microwave treatment.
6. the method for a kind of pre-treating oil crop seeds by using microwave according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described range of microwave power of step (2) is 2000W～6000W.
7. the method for a kind of pre-treating oil crop seeds by using microwave according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described microwave time range of step (2) is 2min～10min.
8. the method for a kind of pre-treating oil crop seeds by using microwave according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described cooling of step (3) is meant and at room temperature is cooled to room temperature～60 ℃.
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