CN103122273A - Method for extracting oat oil through microwave pretreatment - Google Patents
Method for extracting oat oil through microwave pretreatment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting oat oil through microwave pretreatment. The method comprises the following steps: cleaning oat raw materials, draining the cleaned oat, and drying the oat in a drying oven; hulling the oat in a huller, and separating oat bran; crushing the oat bran in a crusher; and extracting the oat oil from the crushed oat bran, and performing microwave treatment after the oat is dried and before the dried oat is hulled in the huller, wherein the microwave treatment method comprises the following step of: putting the dried oat particles into a microwave dryer, wherein the power is regulated to be 180-900W, the treatment time is 60-150 seconds, the drying temperature in the drying step is 60 DEG C, and the moisture content of the dried oat is 15wt%. The method provided by the invention is simple and reliable, convenient to operate, low in cost, high in speed and high in leaching efficiency and has a high economic value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fast, the method for high efficiency extraction avenol, a kind of microwave extracts the method for avenol specifically.
Background technology
Oat is the annual herb crop, belongs to the Gramineae Avena.Generally be divided into band bran type (skin oat) and naked grain type (naked oats) two large classes.China oat producing region mainly concentrates on the Inner Mongol, and on the dam in Hebei, the ground such as Shanxi, and to produce naked oats as main, its output accounts for more than 90% of oat ultimate production, and seed is all edible.In oat, protein content is about 15.6%, lipid content is about 8.8%, both content all occupies first of cereal crop, the content of carbohydrate is about 64.8%, the rich content of mineral element Ca, P, Fe, Mn, Mg, Zn and Se etc., have strengthen body immunity, delay senility, the effect of cancer-resisting.Also be rich in the nutritive ingredients such as VB1, VB2, VE, nicotinic acid, food fibre in oat, in addition, also contain the saponin(e that lacks in other cereals, can effectively reduce cholesterol, but atherosclerosis, to the prevention and the treatment hypertension and coronary heart disease useful.Particularly as the beta-glucan content of the inferior gluten cell wall of oat constituent material in all cereal for the highest, be the reducing blood-fat main component of generally acknowledging.Thereby oat is considered to have both the grain quality of food therapy function always.And, in oat kind skin, enrichment 90% oat oil, mainly form (80.1%) by unsaturated fatty acids, wherein linoleic acid content more (48.1%).The ratio of saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acid is 0.5:1:1, and the ratio of three kinds of lipid acid 0.7:1:1 of nutritional oil of being in harmonious proportion on this and market approaches.Also contain endogenic vitamin-E precursor in oat oil, they can keep the stability of oat oil, remove the free radical in human body.Yelkin TTS in oat has prevention fatty liver, cardioprotection, promotion brain development, raising memory, eliminates the effects such as comedo, prevention senile dementia.Therefore, oat deserves to be called the new oil resource of nutrition and health care good value.And has unique effect aspect Glycerin, skin maintenance.Yet in flour milling industry, byproduct-oat bran that oat is processed is directly used in fodder industry, has caused the significant wastage of nutritive and health protection components.Therefore, avenol is extracted effectively have very large economic and social benefit.
At present, the method for extracting avenol both at home and abroad mainly contains organic solvent lixiviation process and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method etc.Organic solvent lixiviation process extraction time is long, solvent consumption is large, and the organic solvent soaking extraction process bring adverse influence can for human body and operating environment for a long time simultaneously.The supercritical carbon dioxide extraction cost is higher, equipment is complicated and not easy to operate.
Microwave treatment is to rely on frequency electromagnetic waves to cause the motion of water isopolarity molecule in material, makes the water isopolarity molecule in material do synchronous rotary and swing by microwave frequency.The result of water isopolarity molecule high speed rotating makes the inner instantaneous generation heat of friction of material, causes material inside and surface to be heated up simultaneously, makes a large amount of water moleculess evaporate effusion from material, causes material top layer explosion, thereby reaches the purpose of explosion puffing drying.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of method that microwave extracts avenol, can extract fast and efficiently avenol in oat bran by present method.Working condition is good simultaneously, and tooling cost is low, and oil resource is fully used.
The present invention is for solving the problems of the technologies described above, and the technical scheme that adopts is: a kind of microwave extracts the method for avenol, comprises that the oat raw material is cleaned rear drop water purification to be divided, and is placed in the step of oven dry in loft drier; Oat is put into the peeler shelling, and isolate the step of oat bran; Oat bran is put into the step that pulverizer is pulverized; Extract the step of avenol oat bran after pulverizing, after the oat oven dry, before putting into the peeler shelling, the step that also comprises microwave treatment, microwave handling method is: the oat grain after drying is put into microwave dryer, power regulation is 180～900W, and the treatment time is 60～150s; The bake out temperature of described baking step is 60 ℃, and after oven dry, the oat water content is 15wt%.
In described microwave treatment step, the time of microwave treatment is 90～120s, and microwave output power is 540～720W.
In described oat bran pulverising step, the oat bran particle diameter after pulverizing is 0.2～1.0 mm.
In described avenol extraction step, extracting method is the organic solvent lixiviation process.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1), by microwave treatment, oat grain kind skin structure is changed, possessed loose porous character, significantly increase with the contact surface area of leaching solvent, thereby accelerate the leaching rate of avenol.Compare with the avenol in the traditional method for extracting oat bran, the avenol quality that obtains is better, color and luster is vivider through extracting after microwave treatment, possess oat fragrance, not only oil yield is higher through the oat grain of to a certain degree slaking, fuel-displaced speed is faster, but also has greatly simplified the follow-up refining process of avenol.Working condition is good simultaneously, and tooling cost is low, and oil resource is fully used, and has market outlook widely.
(2), in oat drying and processing process, drying to water content in 60 ℃ of loft drier is the drying conditions of 15wt%, can guarantee well the qualitative characteristics such as color and luster, fragrance, oil yield of avenol finished product.When effectively having avoided bake out temperature too low, consuming time longer, efficient is low, and when the difficult problem that leaches of grease and bake out temperature were too high, fragrance matter was volatile, and grease easily becomes sour, the generation of the phenomenons such as the easy aggravation of Maillard reaction simultaneously.In addition, moisture content is the basic assurance of microwave manipulation, and water content is too high or too low, all can make next step microwave inefficient operation, affects the avenol quality.
(3), in microwave processing process, power regulation is 180～900W, the treatment time is the technical qualification of 60～150s, meets the skin texture feature of oat grain.Utilize microwave heat characteristic from inside to outside, can change the cell wall structure of oat grain on the one hand and improve oil yield efficiency, the enzyme such as the lipase in the passivation grease, lipoxygenase effectively on the other hand, improve oil oxidative stability, simultaneously can also increase the natural active matter such as vitamin-E, plant sterol in grease, thereby improve oil quality.
(4), method provided by the invention is simple and reliable, easy to operate, with low cost, speed is fast, leaching yield is high, has very large economic worth.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is productive rate and the extraction yield comparison diagram of different-grain diameter sample in Comparative Examples of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is proportion, refractive index and the acid value comparison diagram of the avenol that in Comparative Examples of the present invention, the different-grain diameter sample obtains.
Embodiment
Below specific embodiments of the invention:
Following embodiment is convenient to understand better the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Experimental technique in following embodiment if no special instructions, is ordinary method.Test materials used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is from routine biochemistry reagent shop and purchases available material.
Full-automatic Soxhlet fat extractor
The avenol productive rate=
* 100%
The avenol extraction yield=
* 100%
A kind of microwave extracts the method for avenol, comprises that the oat raw material is cleaned rear drop water purification to be divided, and is placed in the step of oven dry in loft drier; Oat is put into the peeler shelling, and isolate the step of oat bran; Oat bran is put into the step that pulverizer is pulverized; Extract the step of avenol oat bran after pulverizing, after the oat oven dry, before putting into the peeler shelling, the step that also comprises microwave treatment, microwave handling method is: the oat grain after drying is put into microwave dryer, power regulation is 180～900W, and the treatment time is 60～150s; The bake out temperature of described baking step is 60 ℃, and after oven dry, the oat water content is 15wt%.
In described microwave treatment step, the time of microwave treatment is 90～120s, and microwave output power is 540～720W.
In described oat bran pulverising step, the oat bran particle diameter after pulverizing is 0.2～1.0 mm.
In described avenol extraction step, extracting method is the organic solvent lixiviation process.
Embodiment 1
One, the preparation of avenol
Step 1, raw material are cleaned and pre-treatment: oat raw material drop water purification after cleaning divided, be placed in to dry in 60 ℃ of loft drier to water content and be 15wt%, and standby;
The microwave treatment of step 2, oat grain: the oat grain of at every turn getting after 40 g step 1 are dried is put into microwave dryer, and power regulation is 720W, and the treatment time is 90s, repeats co-processing 160g four times;
Step 3, obtain oat bran: pour the oat grain after the step 2 microwave treatment into peeler and shell, change afterwards screening plant over to, the oat bran that screen obtains;
Step 4, pulverizing oat bran: the oat bran of step 3 screen acquisition is poured in pulverizer pulverized, obtaining particle diameter is the oat bran of 0.2～0.4 mm;
Step 5, extraction avenol: extract avenol with the organic solvent lixiviation process from oat bran.Oat bran after pulverizing by the quartering composite samples, is divided into four parts, and every part of 5 g put into filter paper packet.The sample bag is put into the full-automatic Soxhlet fat extractor of B CHI B-811 extracting barrel, and selecting sherwood oil (analytical pure) is leaching solvent.Extracting technology is set: leaching stages 1 is 30 min, 4 grades of Jia Reduda upper (extracting barrel), under (solvent cup) 11 grades; The drip washing stage 2 is walked sky; Baking stage 3 is 10 min, (solvent cup) 8 grades under Jia Reduda.Open system leaches avenol.Avenol oven dry with leaching obtains refining avenol.
The refining avenol that finally obtains is sundown, possesses oat fragrance.Four parts of oat brans extract respectively and obtain 0.285 g, 0.276 g, 0.291 g, 0.287 g avenol.The avenol productive rate is 5.70% ± 0.13%(mean+SD), extraction yield is 66.84% ± 1.49%(mean+SD).
Two, avenol analysis
The avenol that step 1 is prepared carries out respectively specific gravity test, refractive index is measured and acid value determination, and measurement result is averaged.Avenol proportion is 0.9148, and refractive index is 1.4692, and acid value is 4.75 mgKOH/g.
Embodiment 2
One, the preparation of avenol
Step 1, raw material are cleaned and pre-treatment: oat raw material drop water purification after cleaning divided, be placed in to dry in 60 ℃ of loft drier to water content and be 15wt%, and standby;
The microwave treatment of step 2, oat grain: the oat grain of getting after 40 g step 1 are dried is put into microwave dryer, and power regulation is 540W, and the treatment time is 120s, repeats co-processing 160g four times;
Step 3, obtain oat bran: pour the oat grain after the step 2 microwave treatment into peeler and shell, change afterwards screening plant over to, the oat bran that screen obtains;
Step 4, pulverizing oat bran: the oat bran of step 3 screen acquisition is poured in pulverizer pulverized, obtaining particle diameter is the oat bran of 0.4～0.6mm;
Step 5, extraction avenol: extract avenol with the organic solvent lixiviation process from oat bran.Oat bran after pulverizing by the quartering composite samples, is divided into four parts, and every part of 5 g put into filter paper packet.The sample bag is put into the full-automatic Soxhlet fat extractor of B CHI B-811 extracting barrel, and selecting sherwood oil (analytical pure) is leaching solvent.Extracting technology is set: leaching stages 1 is 30 min, 4 grades of Jia Reduda upper (extracting barrel), under (solvent cup) 11 grades; The drip washing stage 2 is walked sky; Baking stage 3 is 10 min, (solvent cup) 8 grades under Jia Reduda.Open system leaches avenol.Avenol oven dry with leaching obtains refining avenol.
The refining avenol that finally obtains is sundown, possesses oat fragrance.Four parts of oat brans extract respectively and obtain 0.269 g, 0.270 g, 0.264 g, 0.275 g avenol.The avenol productive rate is 5.39% ± 0.09%(mean+SD), extraction yield is 63.26% ± 1.06%(mean+SD).
Two, avenol analysis
The avenol that step 1 is prepared carries out respectively specific gravity test, refractive index is measured and acid value determination, and measurement result is averaged.Avenol proportion is 0.9139, and refractive index is 1.4687, and acid value is 4.66 mgKOH/g.
Embodiment 3
One, avenol preparation
Step 1, raw material are cleaned and pre-treatment: oat raw material drop water purification after cleaning divided, be placed in to dry in 60 ℃ of loft drier to water content and be 15wt%, and standby;
The microwave treatment of step 2, oat grain: the oat grain of getting after 40 g step 1 are dried is put into microwave dryer, and power regulation is 900W, and the treatment time is 60s, repeats co-processing 160g four times;
Step 3, obtain oat bran: pour the oat grain after the step 2 microwave treatment into peeler and shell, change afterwards screening plant over to, the oat bran that screen obtains;
Step 4, pulverizing oat bran: the oat bran of step 3 screen acquisition is poured in pulverizer pulverized, obtaining particle diameter is the oat bran of 0.6～0.8mm;
Step 5, extraction avenol: extract avenol with the organic solvent lixiviation process from oat bran.Oat bran after pulverizing by the quartering composite samples, is divided into four parts, and every part of 5 g put into filter paper packet.The sample bag is put into the full-automatic Soxhlet fat extractor of B CHI B-811 extracting barrel, and selecting sherwood oil (analytical pure) is leaching solvent.Extracting technology is set: leaching stages 1 is 30 min, 4 grades of Jia Reduda upper (extracting barrel), under (solvent cup) 11 grades; The drip washing stage 2 is walked sky; Baking stage 3 is 10 min, (solvent cup) 8 grades under Jia Reduda.Open system leaches avenol.Avenol oven dry with leaching obtains refining avenol.
The refining avenol that finally obtains is sundown, possesses oat fragrance.Four parts of oat brans extract respectively and obtain 0.281 g, 0.279 g, 0.284 g, 0.272 g avenol.The avenol productive rate is 5.58% ± 0.10%(mean+SD), extraction yield is 65.49% ± 1.20%(mean+SD).
Two, avenol analysis
The avenol that step 1 is prepared carries out respectively specific gravity test, refractive index is measured and acid value determination, and measurement result is averaged.Avenol proportion is 0.9163, and refractive index is 1.4690, and acid value is 4.53 mgKOH/g.
Embodiment 4
One, avenol preparation
Step 1, raw material are cleaned and pre-treatment: oat raw material drop water purification after cleaning divided, be placed in to dry in 60 ℃ of loft drier to water content and be 15wt%, and standby;
The microwave treatment of step 2, oat grain: the oat grain of getting after 40 g step 1 are dried is put into microwave dryer, and power regulation is 180W, and the treatment time is 150s, repeats co-processing 160g four times;
Step 3, obtain oat bran: pour the oat grain after the step 2 microwave treatment into peeler and shell, change afterwards screening plant over to, the oat bran that screen obtains;
Step 4, pulverizing oat bran: the oat bran of step 3 screen acquisition is poured in pulverizer pulverized, obtaining particle diameter is the oat bran of 0.8～1.0mm;
Step 5, extraction avenol: extract avenol with the organic solvent lixiviation process from oat bran.Oat bran after pulverizing by the quartering composite samples, is divided into four parts, and every part of 5 g put into filter paper packet.The sample bag is put into the full-automatic Soxhlet fat extractor of B CHI B-811 extracting barrel, and selecting sherwood oil (analytical pure) is leaching solvent.Extracting technology is set: leaching stages 1 is 30 min, 4 grades of Jia Reduda upper (extracting barrel), under (solvent cup) 11 grades; The drip washing stage 2 is walked sky; Baking stage 3 is 10 min, (solvent cup) 8 grades under Jia Reduda.Open system leaches avenol.Avenol oven dry with leaching obtains refining avenol.
The refining avenol that finally obtains is sundown, possesses oat fragrance.Four parts of oat brans extract respectively and obtain 0.261 g, 0.259 g, 0.250 g, 0.243 g avenol.The avenol productive rate is 5.07% ± 0.17%(mean+SD), extraction yield is 59.45% ± 1.96%(mean+SD).
Two, avenol analysis
The avenol that step 1 is prepared carries out respectively specific gravity test, refractive index is measured and acid value determination, and measurement result is averaged.Avenol proportion is 0.9150, and refractive index is 1.4699, and acid value is 4.69 mgKOH/g.
Comparative Examples: avenol preparation and mass analysis
One, avenol preparation
1, coarse reduction is processed
Sample one: the 160 clean oat grains of g after cleaning are placed in peeler shell, screen obtains oat bran, oat bran is relayed in pulverizer pulverize, and the oat bran particle diameter after pulverizing is 0.2～0.4 mm.
Sample two: the 160 clean oat grains of g after cleaning are placed in peeler shell, screen obtains oat bran, oat bran is relayed in pulverizer pulverize, and the oat bran particle diameter after pulverizing is 0.4～0.6 mm.
Sample three: the 160 clean oat grains of g after cleaning are placed in peeler shell, screen obtains oat bran, oat bran is relayed in pulverizer pulverize, and the oat bran particle diameter after pulverizing is 0.6～0.8 mm.
Sample four: the 160 clean oat grains of g after cleaning are placed in peeler shell, screen obtains oat bran, oat bran is relayed in pulverizer pulverize, and the oat bran particle diameter after pulverizing is 0.8～1.0 mm.
2, hot dipping goes out to process
Four samples after pulverizing are handled as follows respectively:
1) by the quartering composite samples, be divided into four parts, every part of 5 g put into filter paper packet.
2) the sample bag is put into the full-automatic Soxhlet fat extractor of B CHI B-811 extracting barrel, selecting sherwood oil (analytical pure) is leaching solvent.Hot dipping is set puies forward technique: leaching stages 1 is 30 min, 4 grades of Jia Reduda upper (extracting barrel), under (solvent cup) 11 grades; The drip washing stage 2 is walked sky; Baking stage 3 is 10 min, (solvent cup) 8 grades under Jia Reduda.Open system leaches avenol.
The avenol that obtains is faint yellow, does not possess fragrance.The avenol quality that extraction obtains, the productive rate of avenol and the extraction yield of avenol see Table 1.
Two, avenol analysis
Proportion, refractive index and the acid value of the avenol that different sample extraction obtain see Table 2.
Comprehensive above embodiment as can be known, uses method of the present invention extract the avenol quality that obtains better, color and luster is vivider, possess oat fragrance, the while oil yield is higher, fuel-displaced speed is faster, has very large economic worth.
Claims (4)
1. the method for a microwave extraction avenol, comprise that the oat raw material is cleaned rear drop water purification to be divided, and be placed in the step of oven dry in loft drier; Oat is put into the peeler shelling, and isolate the step of oat bran; Oat bran is put into the step that pulverizer is pulverized; Extract the step of avenol oat bran after pulverizing, it is characterized in that: after the oat oven dry, before putting into the peeler shelling, the step that also comprises microwave treatment, microwave handling method is: the oat grain after drying is put into microwave dryer, power regulation is 180～900W, and the treatment time is 60～150s; The bake out temperature of described baking step is 60 ℃, and after oven dry, the oat water content is 15wt%.
2. a kind of microwave according to claim 1 extracts the method for avenol, and it is characterized in that: in described microwave treatment step, the time of microwave treatment is 90～120s, and microwave output power is 540～720W.
3. a kind of microwave according to claim 1 extracts the method for avenol, and it is characterized in that: in described oat bran pulverising step, the oat bran particle diameter after pulverizing is 0.2～1.0 mm.
4. a kind of microwave according to claim 1 extracts the method for avenol, and it is characterized in that: in described avenol extraction step, extracting method is the organic solvent lixiviation process.
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