CN112522465A - Electric furnace smelting reduction smelting process - Google Patents
Electric furnace smelting reduction smelting process Download PDFInfo
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- CN112522465A CN112522465A CN202011405030.2A CN202011405030A CN112522465A CN 112522465 A CN112522465 A CN 112522465A CN 202011405030 A CN202011405030 A CN 202011405030A CN 112522465 A CN112522465 A CN 112522465A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
- C21B11/10—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in electric furnaces
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electric furnace smelting reduction smelting process, which is a smelting technology that iron ore, coal and partial waste steel are used as raw fuel, the iron ore is reduced and smelted into molten steel in a specially designed smelting container by using electric energy as auxiliary energy, 50-90% of the iron ore and 10-50% of coal are directly added into an electric furnace after being processed, and partial waste steel is proportioned and added through a horizontal feeding or a high-position bunker, and the auxiliary electric energy is directly reduced into the molten steel in the electric furnace. The invention can effectively relieve the serious pollution of the steel industry, can greatly reduce the cost of steel, has the functions of small investment scale, small occupied space and energy conservation, and is suitable for large-scale popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of melting of iron ore in electric furnaces, in particular to an electric furnace melting reduction smelting process.
Background
The traditional blast furnace ironmaking process has been developed for over a hundred years and has always been the dominant part in the iron-making industry worldwide. With the increasing sophistication of modern iron-making techniques, blast furnace iron-making systems have become extremely complex and large, from raw fuel preparation to coking, sintering, and then iron making in the blast furnace. Theoretically, the blast furnace iron-smelting method is a low-efficiency iron-smelting method, the reduction mechanism of the blast furnace mainly depends on C0 to reduce iron oxides (called indirect reduction) and is a reduction reaction between gas and solid phases, so the reduction reaction time of iron in the blast furnace is long, the blast furnace iron-smelting method is unreasonable from the reduction kinetics point of view, the production efficiency of the blast furnace is theoretically determined to be not high, the blast furnace iron-smelting method is not an ideal iron-smelting method actually at present, the production efficiency is not high, and a large amount of energy is wasted; the coking and sintering are both a high-temperature heating process (over 1000 ℃), and then the coke needs to be cooled to normal temperature before entering the blast furnace and heated to a high-temperature state again after entering the blast furnace, so that the repeated heating process causes waste of heat energy; the blast furnace iron-making method has the defects that the coke resource which is the main fuel is scarce, the worldwide coking coal resource is in short supply, and the coke price is promoted to be expensive and is more than three to four times of that of common coal; the huge production system costs a huge investment, occupies a large area of land, and also brings serious pollution to the environment, which are obstacles for the development of the steel industry, so that revolutionary transformation of blast furnace iron making is urgent.
The traditional long-flow production line for steelmaking is characterized in that raw materials produced by sintering, coking and coal chemical industry are subjected to reduction reaction in a blast furnace to produce molten iron, then the molten iron is added into a converter or an electric furnace to be subjected to oxidation reaction to produce primary molten steel, then secondary refining is carried out to produce pure molten steel, and then continuous casting and pouring are carried out to produce casting blanks or directly casting blanks are rolled into steel to be rolled into steel, so that the process flow is large in investment and long in period, and consumed energy is more and less economical; the short-flow steel production is the development direction of the modern steel industry because of the characteristics of no coking coal, low energy consumption, less unit capacity investment, short construction period, little influence on the environment and the like. However, the steel accumulation in China is insufficient, the production amount of scrap steel is far from meeting the requirements of steel production, the price of the scrap steel is higher, and the domestic electric charge is also high, so that the short-process steel-making cost is higher than that of the long-process steel-making cost. The competitive advantage in steel production is not available and cannot be established for a long time. The invention aims to carry out technical innovation aiming at the advantages and the disadvantages of two steel production modes, namely a long-flow process and a short-flow process, and innovates a smelting container, process equipment, a smelting method and a smelting process on the basis of the short-flow process, so that the new steel production process integrating iron making and steel making is realized by taking iron ore powder and scrap steel as raw materials and taking electricity and coal as energy sources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects and provide a novel power supply box which can be used in rainy days and can solve the problem of messy cable stacking.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the smelting process by electric furnace smelting reduction comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring 50-90% of iron ore powder and 10-50% of coal powder at high temperature to obtain a mixture A, and adding 4-6% of a binder into the mixture A to obtain a mixture B;
(2) pressing and molding the mixture B by a high-pressure press to prepare a sphere to obtain a coal mine sphere C;
(3) when the electric furnace is used for adding the scrap steel for the first time, adding the coal mine ball C accounting for 30 percent of the total amount of the scrap steel into the electric furnace; adding coal mine balls C accounting for 20% of the total amount of the scrap steel in the electric furnace smelting process;
(4) reacting ferric oxide in the coal mine ball C with carbon and coal gas in the electric furnace at high temperature by utilizing heat energy of the electric furnace and heat energy generated by oxygen blowing reaction of the electric furnace, and reducing iron to obtain molten steel;
(5) and refining, continuous casting and casting the obtained molten steel to prepare a finished product.
Further, in the iron ore powder in the step (1), the content of iron is more than 52%, the content of silica is 2.00%, the content of aluminum is 6.00%, the content of sulfur is not more than 0.05%, the content of titanium dioxide is not more than 0.35%, the content of calcium oxide is 0.7%, the content of arsenic is 0.07%, and the content of natural ingredients is more than 10%.
Further, the pulverized coal comprises 50% of fixed carbon, 25% of volatile matter, 16% of ash and 9% of moisture.
Further, the stirring mode in the step (1) is heating and blending in an induction furnace, and the heating temperature is 600-900 ℃.
Further, after the mixture A and the binder are mixed in the step (1), the temperature is increased to 900-1100 ℃.
Further, the diameter of the coal mine ball C in the step (2) is 20-40 mm.
Further, after the coal gas generated in the step (3) is collected, part of the coal gas is used for preheating the first-time coal briquette adding C in the step (3), and the other part of the coal gas is used for baking the steel ladle in the refining process and baking the tundish in the continuous casting process in the step (5), wherein the preheating temperature of the first-time coal briquette adding C in the step (3) is 300-600 ℃.
Further, lime is added in the step (4), the lime reacts with silicon dioxide in the iron ore to generate slag, and the slag flows out of the furnace along with the slag.
Further, the slag is treated by hot splashing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention realizes the reduction of iron ore in an electric furnace, directly generates molten steel, reduces a plurality of intermediate links, fundamentally solves the matching of the traditional blast furnace ironmaking and radically treats the pollution of iron, burning and coke;
(2) the cost of steel is greatly reduced, the cost of raw materials can replace 50 percent of scrap steel raw materials by iron ore powder, and the cost of the raw materials of a full scrap steel electric furnace can be reduced by more than 300 yuan/ton;
(3) on the premise of the same steel output scale, the total investment amount is saved by 1/3 compared with a long-flow production line, a series of investment such as iron, burning, coke and the like is fundamentally solved by adopting the technology of the invention, and the cost is greatly reduced;
(4) in electric furnace smelting reduction smelting, 10-50% of coal is directly used as a raw material to react in the electric furnace smelting, so that the problem of heat required by the electric furnace is solved;
(5) the occupied area of the factory is small under the same scale, the operating capital occupation is small, the fixed asset investment is small, and the financial cost such as depreciation is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below by way of specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to only the following examples. Variations, combinations, or substitutions of the invention, which are within the scope of the invention or the spirit, scope of the invention, will be apparent to those of skill in the art and are within the scope of the invention.
Example one
The smelting process by electric furnace smelting reduction comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring 50-90% of iron ore powder and 10-50% of coal powder at high temperature to obtain a mixture A1, and adding 4-6% of a binder into the mixture A1 to obtain a mixture B1;
(2) pressing and molding the mixture B1 by a high-pressure press to prepare a sphere to obtain a coal ore sphere C1;
(3) when the electric furnace is used for the first time to add the waste steel, adding coal mine balls C1 accounting for 30 percent of the total amount of the waste steel into the electric furnace; adding coal mine balls C1 accounting for 20 percent of the total amount of the scrap steel in the electric furnace smelting process;
(4) reacting ferric oxide with carbon and coal gas in the electric furnace in the coal ore ball C1 at high temperature by using heat energy of the electric furnace and heat energy generated by oxygen blowing reaction of the electric furnace, and reducing iron to obtain molten steel;
(5) refining, continuous casting and casting the obtained molten steel to manufacture a finished product
In the step (1), the iron content of the iron ore powder is more than 52%, the silica content is 2.00%, the aluminum content is 6.00%, the sulfur content is not more than 0.05%, the titanium dioxide content is not more than 0.35%, the calcium oxide content is 0.7%, the arsenic content is 0.07%, and the natural component content is more than 10%; the components of the coal dust comprise 50% of fixed carbon, 25% of volatile matter, 16% of ash and 9% of moisture.
The stirring mode in the step (1) is heating and mixing in an induction furnace, and the heating temperature is 600 ℃; after the mixture A1 is mixed with the binder in the step (1), the temperature is increased to 900 ℃; the diameter of the coal mine ball C1 in the step (2) is 20 mm; after the coal gas generated in the step (3) is collected, part of the coal gas is used for preheating the first coal briquette adding C1 in the step (3), the other part of the coal gas is used for baking a ladle in refining and baking a tundish in continuous casting in the step (5), and the preheating temperature of the first coal briquette adding C1 in the step (3) is 300 ℃.
And (4) adding lime, reacting the lime with silicon dioxide in the iron ore to generate slag, discharging the slag out of the furnace along with the slag, and carrying out hot splashing treatment on the slag.
Example two
The smelting process by electric furnace smelting reduction comprises the following steps:
(1) stirring 90% of iron ore powder and 10% of coal powder at high temperature to obtain a mixture A2, and adding 5% of binder into the mixture A2 to obtain a mixture B2;
(2) pressing and molding the mixture B2 by a high-pressure press to prepare a sphere to obtain a coal ore sphere C2;
(3) when the electric furnace is used for the first time to add the waste steel, adding coal mine balls C2 accounting for 30 percent of the total amount of the waste steel into the electric furnace; adding coal mine balls C2 accounting for 20 percent of the total amount of the scrap steel in the electric furnace smelting process;
(4) reacting ferric oxide with carbon and coal gas in the electric furnace in the coal ore ball C2 at high temperature by using heat energy of the electric furnace and heat energy generated by oxygen blowing reaction of the electric furnace, and reducing iron to obtain molten steel;
(5) and refining, continuous casting and casting the obtained molten steel to prepare a finished product.
In the step (1), the iron content of the iron ore powder is more than 52%, the silica content is 2.00%, the aluminum content is 6.00%, the sulfur content is not more than 0.05%, the titanium dioxide content is not more than 0.35%, the calcium oxide content is 0.7%, the arsenic content is 0.07%, and the natural component content is more than 10%; the components of the coal dust comprise 50% of fixed carbon, 25% of volatile matter, 16% of ash and 9% of moisture.
The stirring mode in the step (1) is heating and mixing in an induction furnace, and the heating temperature is 900 ℃; after the mixture A2 is mixed with the binder in the step (1), heating to 1100 ℃; the diameter of the coal mine ball C2 in the step (2) is 40 mm; after the coal gas generated in the step (3) is collected, part of the coal gas is used for preheating the first coal ore ball adding C2 in the step (3), the other part of the coal gas is used for baking a steel ladle in refining and baking a tundish in continuous casting in the step (5), and the preheating temperature of the first coal ore ball adding C2 in the step (3) is 600 DEG C
Adding lime in the step (4), reacting the lime with silicon dioxide in iron ore to generate slag, and enabling the slag to flow out of the furnace along with the slag; the slag is treated by hot splashing.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The smelting process by electric furnace smelting reduction is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) stirring 50-90% of iron ore powder and 10-50% of coal powder at high temperature to obtain a mixture A, and adding 4-6% of a binder into the mixture A to obtain a mixture B;
(2) pressing and molding the mixture B by a high-pressure press to prepare a sphere to obtain a coal mine sphere C;
(3) when the electric furnace is used for adding the scrap steel for the first time, adding the coal mine ball C accounting for 30 percent of the total amount of the scrap steel into the electric furnace; adding coal mine balls C accounting for 20% of the total amount of the scrap steel in the electric furnace smelting process;
(4) reacting ferric oxide in the coal mine ball C with carbon and coal gas in the electric furnace at high temperature by utilizing heat energy of the electric furnace and heat energy generated by oxygen blowing reaction of the electric furnace, and reducing iron to obtain molten steel;
(5) and refining, continuous casting and casting the obtained molten steel to prepare a finished product.
2. The electric furnace smelting reduction process according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the iron content of the iron ore powder is more than 52%, the silica content is 2.00%, the aluminum content is 6.00%, the sulfur content is not more than 0.05%, the titanium dioxide content is not more than 0.35%, the calcium oxide content is 0.7%, the arsenic content is 0.07%, and the natural component content is more than 10%.
3. The electric furnace smelting reduction process according to claim 1, wherein: the components of the coal dust comprise 50% of fixed carbon, 25% of volatile matter, 16% of ash and 9% of moisture.
4. The electric furnace smelting reduction process according to claim 1, wherein: the stirring mode in the step (1) is heating and blending in an induction furnace, and the heating temperature is 600-900 ℃.
5. The electric furnace smelting reduction process according to claim 1, wherein: after the mixture A and the binder are mixed in the step (1), the temperature is raised to 900-1100 ℃.
6. The electric furnace smelting reduction process according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the coal mine ball C in the step (2) is 20-40 mm.
7. The electric furnace smelting reduction process according to claim 1, wherein: after the coal gas generated in the step (3) is collected, part of the coal gas is used for preheating the first coal adding ore ball C in the step (3), the other part of the coal gas is used for baking the steel ladle in the refining process and baking the tundish in the continuous casting process in the step (5), and the preheating temperature of the first coal adding ore ball C in the step (3) is 300-600 ℃.
8. The electric furnace smelting reduction process according to claim 1, wherein: and (4) adding lime, reacting the lime with silicon dioxide in the iron ore to generate slag, and discharging the slag out of the furnace along with the slag.
9. The electric furnace smelting reduction process according to claim 8, wherein: the slag is treated by hot splashing.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114959148A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-30 | 刘绍祥 | Electric furnace iron-making method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114959148A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-30 | 刘绍祥 | Electric furnace iron-making method |
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Application publication date: 20210319 |
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