CN1041328C - Method of direct steel-smelting of cooled agglomerated pellet - Google Patents
Method of direct steel-smelting of cooled agglomerated pellet Download PDFInfo
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- CN1041328C CN1041328C CN95104977A CN95104977A CN1041328C CN 1041328 C CN1041328 C CN 1041328C CN 95104977 A CN95104977 A CN 95104977A CN 95104977 A CN95104977 A CN 95104977A CN 1041328 C CN1041328 C CN 1041328C
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- agglomerated pellet
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method of directly smelting steel by a cooled agglomerated pellet, which belongs to steel industry fields. In the present invention, a cooled agglomerated pellet made from an iron ore concentrate, and non-coking coal and adhesive are added to a steel smelting furnace and are directly smelted into steel with low impurity content. The present invention enables the steel smelting cost to be reduced by 32% by electric furnaces without depending on waste steel, the cost is reduced by 12% by steel converters, and the cost is reduced by 20% by open-hearth furnaces. When iron and steel complexes do not increase steel smelting investment and coking coal requirements, the steel smelting capabilities of converters can be improved by 40%. The present invention can directly use various existing steel smelting furnace devices and the technical bases thereof. The present invention has the advantages of low energy consumption and less pollution.
Description
The present invention is a kind of iron ore cooled agglomerated pellet that can direct steelmaking, belongs to the Iron And Steel Industry field.
In the prior art, blast furnace---the oxygen coverter flow process accounts for 60%, still, because long flow path (sintering, coke oven, blast furnace and converter), the output investment ratio Electric furnace steel making exceeds more than one times, and relies on the high-quality coking coal of resource scarcity, cost is more and more higher, loses competitive power gradually.
Electric furnace steel making accounts for more than 30% at present, and the advantage that flow process is the shortest, investment economizes is most arranged.In recent years, because little steel mill can satisfy many kinds needs flexibly, add uhp electric arc furnace, the development of direct current furnace, external refining and sheet blank continuous casting technology makes the short flow process of Electric furnace steel making compact steel mill have tangible competitive power.But Electric furnace steel making can not directly use iron ore resource, must rely on steel scrap and survives, and seriously restricts its growth momentum.This be because:
(1) steel scrap is a secondary resource.Its quantity is subjected to the restriction that other steelmaking process provide fresh steel scrap ability, particularly developing country, and the steel scrap amount of savings is few, is difficult to make Electric furnace steel making to become the leading mode of production of steel, invests money in developing blast furnace and be forced to great number---the steel-making of oxygen coverter flow process.
(2) steel scrap repeatedly recycles, and artificial uncontrollable harmful element in the steel scrap increases thereupon, has influenced the electric steel quality.
For making Iron And Steel Industry break away from steel scrap, the restriction of coke and natural gas source, Kai Fa technology has fused reduction iron-smelting and coal-based direct reduction iron two big classes recently:
South Africa Corex method ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction and Japanese DIOS method ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction all are earlier by the gas making of iron-bath molten reduction stove, make iron ore after shaft furnace or pre-reducing furnace reduction, add the iron-bath molten reduction stove and be smelt the pig iron earlier, again by oxygen converter steelmaking.Can accomplish briquet replacing coke, reduce pollute, make the pig iron 10-20% that reduces cost, but the melting reduction device investment be very high, is respectively 302 dollars/t iron and 400 dollars/t iron, a little more than the gross investment of existing system for blast furnace ironmaking.
The SL/RN method coal-based direct reduction iron technology of the Davy method of Britain and Germany all is the technology of producing the Electric furnace steel making raw material at rotary kiln with coal and iron ore, can successfully make electric furnace break away from the restriction of steel scrap.But its investment exceeds the investment of Electric furnace steel making itself, and product is also very expensive.Remove the minority high-quality steel, generally should not use.In the world wides in 1992, direct-reduced iron factory, existing device working rate wretched insufficiency, annual production drops to 2,000 ten thousand tons, only accounts for 10% of world's Electric furnace steel making raw material.
The present invention proposes at above shortcoming.
The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly use cooled agglomerated pellet that iron ore concentrate, mill coal and binding agent make and in the purposes of modern industry steel melting furnace direct steelmaking.Because cooled agglomerated pellet production line investment cost is few, low cost of manufacture, and overcome above shortcoming.
Use the present invention, can make Electric furnace steel making directly use aboundresources, low-cost iron ore, break away from the dual restriction of steel scrap resource and quality, thereby reduced cost, improved quality.Because cooled agglomerated pellet production line and preheater gross investment are 160 yuan/t steel, be 11% of Davy method direct-reduced iron investment, thereby, make the investment of high quality, low impurity electric steel reduce by 50%.
The present invention also can be in oxygen coverter directly uses a part, is used for promotionization slag and cooling.Because the cooled agglomerated pellet investment is 10% of system for blast furnace ironmaking gross investment, cost is 50% of a pig iron price, thereby, when in oxygen coverter, utilizing cooled agglomerated pellet to save 36% pig iron and steel scrap, can reduce steel-making cost 12%.Simultaneously, do not increase the ironmaking system investment, when not enlarging high-quality coking coal demand, just can enlarge Steel Capacity 40%.
The present invention can be directly used in openhearth steelmaking, and 80% pig iron of saving and steel scrap are arranged, and boosts productivity; 20% advantage reduces cost.It is a kind of approach that open hearth is transformed.
The present invention realizes by the following method:
In steel melting furnace, prepare a molten bath earlier, promptly in electric furnace, reserve a part of remaining high-temperature molten steel in advance; Or in open hearth, be blended into a part of molten iron; Or be blended into molten iron after in oxygen coverter, adding cooled agglomerated pellet after a part of preheating and lime, as the bath of cooled agglomerated pellet " steel bath " or " iron bath ".Again will be through 200～1100 ℃ of preheatings, the cooled agglomerated pellet of being made by iron ore concentrate, mill coal and binding agent continuously joins in the steel melting furnace and carries out " steel bath " or " iron bath ".Externally under the pyritous condition, when internal temperature was worked energetically 685 ℃, the carbon molecule in the pelletizing was a Showed Very Brisk to pelletizing.Because the smart powder of iron, mill coal are all processed through fine grinding in the pelletizing, and mix, and make reduction reaction have higher specific surface area, produce following direct reduction reactor with ferric oxide:
Reaction formula:
(36500 kcal/kg molecule C)
The CO that reaction generates continues again to carry out various reduction reactions with ferric oxide:
Reaction formula:
When temperature rises to 800 ℃,, just can make Fe as long as CO concentration reaches 28.1%
2O
3Be reduced into Fe
3O
4, CO concentration reaches at 65.3% o'clock, just can make FeO be reduced into Fe, when temperature during near 1000 ℃, and CO=100% almost in the balance gas phase, promptly the gasification reaction of carbon is very abundant, has guaranteed the sufficient source of the needed CO of reduction process.
Reaction formula:
(39600 kcal/kg molecule C)
The CO that vaporization produces, very active at the pelletizing internal motion, rapid and ferric oxide carries out above-mentioned various reduction reaction.In reaction process, should in time replenish the energy, the heat that gasification consumed of carbon is in time replenished, " steel bath " or " iron bath " process is successively gone on.Fe fully restores up to metal, and slag iron separates.In pelletizing " steel bath " process, ferric oxide fusing of part high price and directly reduction are arranged.
Reaction formula:
(1080 kilocalories of/kilogram Fe)
In the pyritous first slag, the direct reduction reactor of fixed carbon and ferric oxide is because the expansion of contact surface obtains development to a certain degree.
Reaction formula:
(651 kilocalories of/kilogram Fe)
More than all reactions, make pelletizing in " steel bath " process, finish the various reduction reactions of ferric oxide very soon, and be melted.
When pelletizing carries out the separation of slag iron, the SiO in the slag
2Float over above the molten steel, closely mix, and lack the necessary carbon element of reduction with FeO.P in the slag
2O
5Also run into identical condition with MnO, and be difficult to be reduced.Owing in steel melting furnace, throw the sort of environment of piling up coke that is full of in the similar blast furnace hearth is arranged, so the carbon content in the molten steel is very low.In the slag that generates after meanwhile slag iron separates a large amount of FeO is arranged, help carrying out reaction between carbon and oxygen, and cause the fierceness boiling in molten bath.Like this, just formed a distinctive combined reaction: pelletizing has been finished the reduction of metal Fe when fusing; Impurity C, P, Si, Mn but are not reduced owing to the shortage condition and are difficult to enter molten steel; Meanwhile, owing to contain lot of F eO in the slag, steelmaking process enters oxidation period rapidly, and existing C, P in the molten steel, Si, Mn content are further reduced.Promptly reduce, fusing, three metallurgical processes of oxidation almost take place simultaneously, generates the work in-process molten steel of low-carbon (LC), ultralow phosphorus, can in same steel melting furnace, tap after the smelting process through reduction period deoxidation, desulfurization, adjustment composition.Also can enter the further refining of corresponding external refining device.No matter the sort of mode all should keep a part of molten steel in stove, so that the smelting process of pelletizing " steel bath " is gone on continuously.
In the technical process of the present invention, slag amount ton steel is about 430 kilograms.
For the contained a large amount of waste heats of the flue gas that makes full use of steel melting furnace, the present invention can utilize the energy of flue gas as pelletizing pre-heating system and health promotion system.And purified useless cigarette by this technology.
Its composition of cooled agglomerated pellet of the present invention is:
| Raw material | Ratio | Granularity |
| Iron ore concentrate | 64-72％ | 0.074 millimeter following 65% |
| Mill coal | 18-24％ | 0.3 millimeter following 95% |
| Binding agent | 10-18％ | 0.074 millimeter following 92% |
Wherein: the normal grade of iron ore concentrate is TFe60-68%, can be the iron ore of grade TFe＜60% and the mixture of grade TFe＞60% iron ore concentrate, also can be the mixture of industrial ferrous contained chips such as mill (furnace) cinder, steel-making dust and iron ore concentrate.Mill coal can be hard coal, semicoke or their mixture, also can be breeze or other carbonaceous materials.Binding agent is cement clinker and slaked lime, can suitably add bentonite or roasting ground dolomite according to the iron ore characteristic of different areas.
Cooled agglomerated pellet by said ratio has " miniature blast furnace " feature: because binding agent CaO content more than 60%, is the good slag former of iron oxide reduction, can make pelletizing not explosion in high temperature, not efflorescence again simultaneously, can be kept perfectly.Necessary various trickle, the even and closely mixtures of reduction of iron ore, fusing, slag making are in and carry out reduction reaction in the pelletizing.As in blast furnace, can with extraneous " separating ", constitute static " miniature blast furnace "; When pelletizing was in the condition of high temperature, the inner reduction reaction of pelletizing began.Pelletizing itself has a process that can constantly outwards spray gas, these gases can be around the breach of " miniature blast furnace ", form air ring among a small circle, stoped external oxygen voltinism gas to " miniature blast furnace " internal divergence, further guaranteed inner reduction and external oxidation atmosphere " separating ", constituted dynamic " miniature blast furnace ".No matter thereby pelletizing still is that the reduction process of pelletizing itself can both " separate " with extraneous atmosphere when carrying out high temperature " steel bath " or " iron bath " in steel melting furnace when high temperature preheating.Numerous cooled agglomerated pellet through preheating is dropped into various steel melting furnaces to be smelted, just equal numerous inside partial reduction or inside are about to begin in reductive " miniature blast furnace " the input steel melting furnace, finish earlier the reduction of ferric oxide fast, and after slag iron separates, enter steelmaking process rapidly.This in " miniature blast furnace " high temperature and high pressure environment, make the method for carbon element reducing iron ore, not only solved " reduction " reaction with " oxidation " two opposition, can in same steel melting furnace, " separate ", and the most basic difficult problem of finishing successively of direct steelmaking; And greatly improved iron ore and carbon element directly adds the dynamic conditions that steel melting furnace reacts, and make the iron oxide reduction sufficient reacting, higher degree of metalization is arranged, simultaneously, also improve productivity, and saved the energy.
The present invention can go up at various modern industry steel melting furnaces (comprising electric arc furnace, oxygen coverter, open hearth, EOF coal oxygen steel melting furnace, main frequency furnace and intermediate frequency furnace etc.) and implement, and need not particular design and manufacturing, only need carry out some adaptability reforms.
For example when the ultra high power steelmaking arc furnace is implemented, by last stove tapping back reserve a part of molten steel or earlier a part of steel scrap of fusing as the molten bath, its quantity, after guaranteeing that pelletizing is gone into the stove reaction, molten steel not rapidly cooled and solidified for spending.Continue power supply, make molten steel remain on high temperature about 1600 ℃, then by being located at the flue gas mouth in bell centre, or other positions, continuously will be preheating to cooled agglomerated pellet that 200 ℃-1100 ℃ iron ore concentrate, mill coal and binding agent make and add in the stove and carry out " steel baths ", when molten steel reaches expectation quantity, stop pelletizing " steel bath " process, discharge molten slag and carry out reduction period operation (deoxidation, desulfurization, adjustment composition), after finishing, mix the slag tapping.Leave a part residue molten steel during tapping, as the molten bath of next heat.
For the mass production steel, also can use the uhp electric arc furnace of bottom tapping to carry out " the steel bath " of pelletizing specially, make white slag with special skull melting furnace in addition.During tapping,, the molten steel after " steel bath " is directly poured desulfurization in the ladle that the fusion white slag is housed, finish final steel-making task through ladle refining furnace again after skimming by electric furnace bottom tap hole.The advantage of this flow process is the stabilization of power grids, and productivity can double, but the better steel of smelting quality.
When oxygen coverter is implemented, added cooled agglomerated pellet and the Wingdale of a part in the stove earlier through preheating in the past, be blended into molten iron again, in the oxygen blast process, add continuously again through the cooled agglomerated pellet after the preheating, utilize the carbon element in oxygen blast burning molten iron and the cooled agglomerated pellet to replenish the energy, make cooled agglomerated pellet finish reduction, fusing and oxidizing reaction.Said process can utilize the cooled agglomerated pellet fusing point lower about 1250 ℃ than lime, and slag FeO content easily generates advantages such as foamy slag up to 25-34%, and the promotionization slag prevents " returning dried ", is beneficial to dephosphorization, the protection furnace lining.In the later stage operation, can also add a part through the alternative steel scrap cooling of the cooled agglomerated pellet of preheating.All the other operating process are identical with the working method of oxygen coverter routine.
When open hearth is implemented, be blended into molten iron earlier.Compare with the operation of present open hearth, the iron water amount that is blended into open hearth can reduce to 20%, has enough " molten bath " to get final product to guarantee cooled agglomerated pellet.The method of replenishing the energy remains combusting heavy oil or coal gas, and in the open hearth of implementing oxygen steelmaking, the condition that cooled agglomerated pellet is finished various reduction reactions further improves.Behind the hot metal charging, can add continuously in the stove through the cooled agglomerated pellet that gives heat and carry out " iron bath ".The reduction and the slag iron that make pelletizing finish ferric oxide separate, and generate the oxidisability molten steel simultaneously, to the further oxidation of impurity, behind the discharge slag, by the reduction period operation of routine, and obtain qualified molten steel.Owing to most steel is undertaken being smelt behind the fast restore in " iron bath " process by cooled agglomerated pellet, molten iron is smelt steel and only accounts for 20%, thereby change open hearth and rely on the slow steelmaking process of FeO in gas-slag interface and slag-steel interfacial diffusion decarburization merely, improved productivity; In addition, cooled agglomerated pellet is gone into stove continuously and is directly smelted, and can make the open hearth cancellation adorn the steel scrap cycle for a long time, also can boost productivity.Other operating process are identical with open hearth routine operation method.
The present invention implements through 150 kilograms of intermediate frequency furnaces, is described as follows:
The intermediate frequency furnace of earlier 156 kilograms of steel scraps being packed into, send electric smelting clear after, the sample examination composition is as follows: (%)
C Si Mn P S
0.34 0.03 0.78 0.030 0.015 pours out a part with molten steel, residue fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches kilogram molten steel is as pelletizing " steel bath " molten bath, the same cooled agglomerated pellet of composition that 65 kilograms of processes is given heat adds in the intermediate frequency furnace in batches and carries out " steel baths ", and molten steel is surperficial to get final product the pelletizing of every batch of input covering.Pellets will after two minutes, the center minute surface appears in the molten steel surface after five minutes, and one deck oxidation sludge is arranged on every side.Discharge oxidation sludge, can drop into a collection of pelletizing again.Operate continuously is till 66 kilograms of pelletizings all melt clearly.
The oxidation sludge composition of discharging is as follows: (%)
SiO
2 TFe FeO S CaO MgO Al
2O
3
19.69 23.58 25.60 0.22 21.98 6.11 8.02
Pour out molten steel in the stove, weighing and sample examination composition are as follows: (%)
C Si Mn P S
0.04 0.020 0.056 0.0043 0.187
Molten steel weight is 107.51 kilograms in the stove, deducts 82 kilograms of molten bath molten steel, and the pelletizing reaction generates 25.51 kilograms on molten steel, and pelletizing containing metal iron amount is 44.95%, and calculating recovery rate of iron is 84%.
25.51 kilogram ÷ (66 kilograms * 44.95%)=84% result of implementation shows:
1, metal Fe comprehensive recovery rate in molten steel is higher, reaches 84%, has industrial utility value.
2, whole reduction, fusing, oxidising process are very fast, possess the industrial application condition.
3, the molten steel decarburization before the reduction period is good, and ultralow phosphorus characteristic is arranged, and is easy to adjust the various compositions of steel.
Advantage of the present invention is as follows: (being reference examples to use uhp electric arc furnace)
Flow process is the shortest; Invest minimum; Cost minimum (use the present invention, because the cooled agglomerated pellet cost is a steel scrap price 50%, so the electric steel cost can reduce about 32%, makes ton steel cost be lower than Corex--oxygen coverter steel 25%); The quality height of steel (not having impurity effect in the steel scrap); Energy consumption low (comprise cooled agglomerated pellet, binding agent and oxygen manufacturing energy consumption and electric arc furnace power consumption, the direct steelmaking energy consumption is about 800 kilograms of standard coals/t steel, than the ironmaking energy consumption low 30% of Corex method).
The present invention can directly utilize existing various steel melting furnaces and technical foundation thereof, easily promotes the use of.
Use the present invention, existing various steelworkss all can reduce steel scrap and pig iron consumption, reduce cost significantly.
Use the present invention, newly-built enterprise needn't do huge Steel Complex again, only needs the manufacturing operation short flow process of Electric furnace steel making compact steel mill flexibly.Can reduce a ton steel investment 50%; Reduce steel-making cost significantly: needn't rely on steel scrap, coke and natural gas source expensive in short supply; Can reduce pollution, improve environmental quality.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of iron ore cooled agglomerated pellet that can direct steelmaking is characterized in that:
Its composition is:
Iron ore concentrate 64-72% granularity accounts for 65% below 0.074 millimeter
Mill coal 18-24% granularity accounts for 95% below 0.3 millimeter
Binding agent 10-18% granularity accounts for 92% below 0.074 millimeter
2, cooled agglomerated pellet according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described iron ore concentrate, can be normal grade TFe60-68%, also can be the mixture of the iron ore concentrate of the iron ore of grade TFe＜60% and grade TFe＞60%, also can be the mixture of industrial ferrous contained chips such as mill (furnace) cinder, steel-making dust and iron ore concentrate.
3, cooled agglomerated pellet according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described mill coal can be a hard coal, and semicoke or their mixture also can be breeze or other carbonaceous materials.
4, cooled agglomerated pellet according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described binding agent can be cement clinker and slaked lime, also can suitably add bentonite or roasting ground dolomite according to the characteristic of different areas iron ore.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95104977A CN1041328C (en) | 1995-05-18 | 1995-05-18 | Method of direct steel-smelting of cooled agglomerated pellet |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95104977A CN1041328C (en) | 1995-05-18 | 1995-05-18 | Method of direct steel-smelting of cooled agglomerated pellet |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1116240A CN1116240A (en) | 1996-02-07 |
| CN1041328C true CN1041328C (en) | 1998-12-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95104977A Expired - Fee Related CN1041328C (en) | 1995-05-18 | 1995-05-18 | Method of direct steel-smelting of cooled agglomerated pellet |
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|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1041328C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11932917B2 (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2024-03-19 | Binding Solutions Ltd | Iron ore pellets |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104293999B (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2016-05-25 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of method of utilizing carbon containing ball/piece to improve molten steel quality |
| CN104531937A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-22 | 山东钢铁集团淄博张钢有限公司 | Direct steelmaking process using iron ore in converter system |
| CN105624538B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-10-31 | 大连威尔特钢有限公司 | A kind of pan steel smelting technique |
| CN105803147B (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2017-12-05 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of method using pneumatic steelmaking system melt reducing iron ore |
| CN108396139A (en) * | 2017-02-05 | 2018-08-14 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | A kind of tar slag cooled agglomerated pellet and its preparation and application |
| CN107881285B (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2019-05-31 | 安徽工业大学 | A method of prevent iron ore from causing converter spumescence splash |
| CN109777913B (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2023-10-17 | 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 | Method and device for directly steelmaking by adding iron concentrate powder into high-temperature flue gas of electric furnace |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN87101210A (en) * | 1987-12-26 | 1988-08-24 | 吕美竺 | A kind of method of iron ore direct steelmaking |
| CN1087124A (en) * | 1993-11-16 | 1994-05-25 | 冶金工业部钢铁研究总院 | Reduction iron-smelting process with carbon containing pellets-iron bath fusion |
-
1995
- 1995-05-18 CN CN95104977A patent/CN1041328C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN87101210A (en) * | 1987-12-26 | 1988-08-24 | 吕美竺 | A kind of method of iron ore direct steelmaking |
| CN1087124A (en) * | 1993-11-16 | 1994-05-25 | 冶金工业部钢铁研究总院 | Reduction iron-smelting process with carbon containing pellets-iron bath fusion |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11932917B2 (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2024-03-19 | Binding Solutions Ltd | Iron ore pellets |
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|---|---|
| CN1116240A (en) | 1996-02-07 |
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