CN112521576B - 一种植物源芳香驱蚊聚氨酯海绵 - Google Patents

一种植物源芳香驱蚊聚氨酯海绵 Download PDF

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CN112521576B
CN112521576B CN202011468828.1A CN202011468828A CN112521576B CN 112521576 B CN112521576 B CN 112521576B CN 202011468828 A CN202011468828 A CN 202011468828A CN 112521576 B CN112521576 B CN 112521576B
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林涛
倪张根
张瑞萍
杨云
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Healthcare Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种植物源芳香驱蚊聚氨酯海绵，它涉及家居海绵产品技术领域。聚氨酯海绵由异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇聚合形成，在聚氨酯海绵聚合过程中，加入β‑CD环糊精和壳聚糖微胶囊，壳聚糖微胶囊的囊芯为胡椒木、柠檬草、艾叶的提取液的复合物。本发明的优点在于：以植物来源的具有驱蚊效果的胡椒木、柠檬草、艾叶的提取液复配为芯材，以天然抗菌的壳聚糖和具有空腔雀巢包含消臭功能的淀粉分解物作为壁材，制备具有缓释性的驱蚊微胶囊，并且将制备的微胶囊和雀巢包合物加入聚氨酯海绵的聚合单体中，其中的活性基团参与聚氨酯海绵的聚合反应，制备的植物源芳香驱蚊聚氨酯海绵具有芳香消臭、驱避蚊虫的性能；所有原料均来自自然，对人体安全环保。

Description

一种植物源芳香驱蚊聚氨酯海绵
技术领域
本发明涉及家居海绵产品技术领域，具体涉及一种植物源芳香驱蚊聚氨酯海绵。
背景技术
聚氨酯海绵就是泡沫密度低于18kg/m3以下的低密度PU，记忆海绵就属于聚氨酯海绵的一种。目前生产聚氨酯海绵的主要技术有采用负压发泡技术、强制冷却技术和液态二氧化碳发泡技术。聚氨酯海绵除具备聚醚海绵的特性以外，还具备耐酸碱、耐潮、耐磨损、抗腐蚀、耐热、拉伸性好等独特特性，并且商品具有泡孔匀称、光泽度好、与纺织物复合型粘接率强等特性，广泛运用于高级车内饰、高端复合材料、植绒布、护肤品、打印机耗材、过滤等行业。
应用于家居领域的聚氨酯海绵，可以制成床垫、枕垫等家居用品。夏天蚊虫的叮咬严重影响睡眠质量，而且有些蚊虫还会传播病菌，影响身体健康，另外，人体的汗味和体味对床品的微环境和睡眠质量也有重要影响。床品沾污的汗液、皮脂以及其他各种人体分泌物，这些不仅影响人们的使用，而且是微生物繁殖的良好环境。但是化学驱蚊剂在杀死蚊虫的同时，会给环境带来安全隐患，甚至对人体有害。因此迫切需要开发环保生态驱蚊且消臭的聚氨酯海绵，以满足床垫、枕垫、坐垫等家居用品的需求。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种植物源芳香驱蚊聚氨酯海绵，能够解决目前聚氨酯海绵家居用品无驱蚊效果、体味汗味等影响睡眠质量和微环境的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案为：一种植物源芳香驱蚊聚氨酯海绵，由异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇聚合而成，在聚氨酯海绵聚合过程中，还加入β-CD环糊精和壳聚糖微胶囊，所述壳聚糖微胶囊的囊芯为胡椒木、柠檬草、艾叶的提取液的复合物。
进一步地，所述聚氨酯海绵由以下重量份的组分组成：聚醚多元醇90-110份、MDI二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或TDI甲苯二异氰酸酯30-70份、链延长剂0-0.5份、高效泡沫稳定剂0.5-5份、高效复合催化剂0.1-1份、外发泡剂0-6份、水1-5份、β-CD环糊精或羟丙基β-CD环糊精0.2-0.5份、壳聚糖微胶囊0.2-0.5份。
进一步地，所述胡椒木、柠檬草、艾叶的提取液的复合物的复合比为1:1.5-2.5:2.3-3.7。
进一步地，所述链延长剂为多元醇或二胺类低分子化合物，所述高效泡沫稳定剂为有机硅泡沫稳定剂或聚硅氧烷-聚氧化烯烃镶嵌共聚物，所述高效复合催化剂为锡类催化剂、胺类催化剂，所述外发泡剂为用于聚氨酯发泡的物理发泡剂，所述聚醚多元醇是用于聚氨酯发泡的聚醚。
进一步地，聚氨酯海绵的一种制备步骤如下：
S1、异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇聚合时，在聚醚多元醇、MDI二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或TDI甲苯二异氰酸酯、链延长剂、高效泡沫稳定剂、高效复合催化剂、外发泡剂、水中加入壳聚糖微胶囊、β-CD环糊精或羟丙基β-CD环糊精，制成原料进行聚合和发泡；
发泡为开放连续式低压平泡，将原料通过发泡喷嘴喷至发泡系统输送装置，边发泡边传送，同时对输送装置进行限位，控制聚氨酯海绵的宽度，聚氨酯海绵的厚度由原料的流量和输送速度控制，调节混合头的输出量满足泡沫的宽厚需求，并通过调节输送速度和降落板位置，控制泡沫顶部高度及弧度，获得所需的泡沫流型；
S2、大尺寸聚氨酯海绵发泡完成后，采用后续的切割技术进行异形切割。
进一步地，所述步骤S1中，发泡喷嘴喷射原料的流量控制在80-400kg/min，输送速度控制在2-6m/min，发泡时间为2-5min。
进一步地，聚氨酯海绵的另一种制备步骤如下：
S1、异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇聚合形成聚氨酯海绵，聚合体系中还加入链延长剂、高效泡沫稳定剂、高效复合催化剂、外发泡剂、水；
S2、将聚氨酯海绵用壳聚糖微胶囊、β-CD环糊精或羟丙基β-CD环糊精进行后处理，后处理的方式为超声浸渍或数码喷涂，热风烘干，浸渍或喷涂液的配方为：β-CD环糊精或羟丙基β-CD环糊精40-100g/L，壳聚糖微胶囊30-50g/L，超声浸渍功率为100-150W，频率为40-80赫兹，温度为40-50℃，时间为30mim-60min，真空烘干的温度为40-50℃，压强为0.08-0.09Mpa，时间为10-12小时。
本发明的优点在于：
1、本发明是以植物来源的具有驱蚊效果的胡椒木、柠檬草、艾叶的提取液复配为芯材，以天然抗菌的壳聚糖和具有空腔雀巢包含消臭功能的淀粉分解物作为壁材，制备具有缓释性的微胶囊，并且将制备的微胶囊和β-CD环糊精加入聚氨酯海绵的聚合单体中，其中的活性基团参与聚氨酯海绵的聚合反应，制备得到缓释耐久的驱蚊芳香包合消臭功能的聚氨酯海绵，所有原料均来自自然，对人体安全环保，解决了目前聚氨酯海绵床品坐垫等无驱蚊效果、体味汗味等影响睡眠质量和微环境的清洁化问题；
2、由于胡椒木、柠檬草、艾叶复合提取液具有植物源芳香驱蚊作用，在睡眠中由于人体的摩擦，聚氨酯海绵中壳聚糖微胶囊包覆的胡椒木、柠檬草、艾叶复合提取液有效成分缓释，达到长效驱蚊和芳香消臭的效果；另外，在聚合过程中如果有部分从微胶囊中释放的胡椒木、柠檬草、艾叶中的羟基也可以参与聚氨酯海绵的聚合反应，固着于聚氨酯海绵；
3、β-CD环糊精和羟丙基β-CD环糊精特定的空腔结构，具有包合消臭功能，其外表面具有多个羟基，可以参与聚氨酯海绵的聚合反应，这样，具有包合消臭的β-CD环糊精就锚固在聚氨酯海绵中；另外，在聚合过程中如果有部分从壳聚糖微胶囊中释放的胡椒木、柠檬草、艾叶复合提取液有效成分，也可以重新被锚固在海绵上的β-CD环糊精包合，达到缓释的作用。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体实施方式，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。下面的实施例可以使本专业的技术人员更全面地理解本发明，但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
一种植物源芳香驱蚊聚氨酯海绵的一种制备方法，具体制备步骤如下：
S1、异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇聚合形成聚氨酯海绵，由以下组分组成：聚醚多元醇、MDI二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或TDI甲苯二异氰酸酯、链延长剂、高效泡沫稳定剂、高效复合催化剂、外发泡剂、水、β-CD环糊精或羟丙基β-CD环糊精、壳聚糖微胶囊，壳聚糖微胶囊的囊芯为胡椒木、柠檬草、艾叶的提取液的复合物，将以上组分制成原料进行聚合和发泡，链延长剂为多元醇或二胺类低分子化合物，高效泡沫稳定剂为有机硅泡沫稳定剂或聚硅氧烷-聚氧化烯烃镶嵌共聚物，高效复合催化剂为锡类催化剂、胺类催化剂，用于聚氨酯发泡的所有物理发泡剂都可作为外发泡剂，用于聚氨酯发泡的所有聚醚都可作为聚醚多元醇。
发泡为开放连续式低压平泡，将原料通过发泡喷嘴喷至发泡系统输送装置，边发泡边传送，同时对输送装置进行限位，控制聚氨酯海绵的宽度，聚氨酯海绵的厚度由原料的流量和输送速度控制，调节混合头的输出量满足泡沫的宽厚需求，并通过调节输送速度和降落板位置，控制泡沫顶部高度及弧度，获得所需的泡沫流型，发泡喷嘴喷射原料的流量控制在80-400kg/min，输送速度控制在2-6m/min，发泡时间为2-5min；
S2、大尺寸聚氨酯海绵发泡完成后，采用后续的切割技术进行异形切割。
实施例1
通过以上方法异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇聚合制成普通绵，由以下重量份的组分组成：分子量为3000、羟值为56的聚醚70份，分子量为3000、羟值为28的聚醚30份，TDI 46份，有机硅泡沫稳定剂1.1份，锡复合催化剂0.18份，胺复合催化剂0.24份，二氯甲烷外发泡剂3.3份，水3.35份以及β-CD环糊精或羟丙基β-CD环糊精薰衣草和洋甘菊精油包合物0.2份，壳聚糖微胶囊0.2份，壳聚糖微胶囊的囊芯为胡椒木、柠檬草、艾叶的提取液的复合物，复合物的复合质量比为1:1.5：2.3。
实施例2
通过以上方法异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇聚合制成慢回弹绵，由以下重量份的组分组成：分子量为3000、羟值为56的聚醚37份，分子量为3000、羟值为28的聚醚10份，分子量700、羟值为240的聚醚50份，分子量为5000、羟值为37的聚醚3份，TDI 36份,有机硅类泡沫稳定剂1.2份，锡复合催化剂0.7份，胺复合催化剂0.3份，水2份以及β-CD环糊精或羟丙基β-CD环糊精0.2份，壳聚糖微胶囊0.2份，壳聚糖微胶囊的囊芯为胡椒木、柠檬草、艾叶的提取液的复合物，复合物的复合质量比为1:1.5：2.3。
实施例3
通过以上方法异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇聚合制成气感绵，由以下重量份的组分组成：分子量为3000、羟值为28的聚醚13份，分子量为700、羟值为240的聚醚7份，分子量为5000、羟值为37的聚醚80份，MDI 59.4份，链延长剂0.23份，有机硅泡沫稳定剂3.1份，胺类催化剂0.33份，二氯甲烷外发泡剂5份，水3.33份以及β-CD环糊精或羟丙基β-CD环糊精0.5份，壳聚糖微胶囊0.5份，壳聚糖微胶囊的囊芯为胡椒木、柠檬草、艾叶的提取液的复合物，复合物的复合质量比为1:1.5：2.3。
对采用上述配方制得的一种植物源芳香驱蚊普通绵、慢回弹绵、气感绵的性能，进行相关性能测试，其测试结果见表1。
表1实施例1～3所制一种植物源芳香驱蚊普通绵、慢回弹绵、气感绵的性能测试结果
项目 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
蚊虫驱避率(％) 73.5 75.0 74.1
消(氨)臭率(％) 97.9 99.9 98.2
消(氨)臭率根据日本(1社)纤维评价技术协会SEK标志纤维制品认证基准21.消臭性试验(气体检知管法)测得，试验时间2h，臭气初始浓度：臭气100ppm；蚊虫驱避率按照GB/T 30126-2013防蚊虫纺织品测试标准测得。
由上表可以看出，制备出的一种植物源芳香驱蚊普通绵、慢回弹绵、气感绵具有芳香消臭、蚊虫驱避的优良性能。
一种植物源芳香驱蚊聚氨酯海绵的另一种制备方法，具体制备步骤如下：
S1、异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇聚合形成聚氨酯海绵，聚合体系中还加入链延长剂、高效泡沫稳定剂、高效复合催化剂、外发泡剂、水；
S2、将聚氨酯海绵用壳聚糖微胶囊、羟丙基β-CD环糊精进行后处理，后处理的方式为超声浸渍，热风烘干，浸渍的组分为羟丙基β-CD环糊精和壳聚糖微胶囊，超声浸渍功率为100-150W，频率为40-80赫兹，温度为40-50℃，时间为30mim-60min，真空烘干的温度为40-50℃，压强为0.08-0.09Mpa，时间为10-12小时。
实施例4
聚氨酯海绵通过超声浸渍进行后处理的配方为：羟丙基β-CD环糊精40g/L，壳聚糖微胶囊30g/L。
实施例5
聚氨酯海绵通过超声浸渍进行后处理的配方为：羟丙基β-CD环糊精60g/L，壳聚糖微胶囊50g/L。
实施例6
聚氨酯海绵通过超声浸渍进行后处理的配方为：羟丙基β-CD环糊精50g/L，壳聚糖微胶囊40g/L。
表2实施例4-6中各组分的质量对比
Figure BDA0002835465460000081
为了比较采用上述配方制得的一种植物源芳香驱蚊聚氨酯海绵的性能，将其进行相关性能测试，其测试结果见表3。
表3实施例4-6所制一种植物源芳香驱蚊聚氨酯海绵的性能测试结果
项目 实施例4 实施例5 实施例6
蚊虫驱避率(％) 66.8 67.1 66.8
消(氨)臭率(％) 87.3 89.8 87.9
由上表可以看出，制备出的一种植物源芳香驱蚊聚氨酯海绵具有芳香消臭、蚊虫驱避的优良性能；此外，实施例4-6相互比较，可看出实施例5的各项性能均优于其他两个实施例，因而实施例5为最佳实施例。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征以及本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (5)

1.一种植物源芳香驱蚊聚氨酯海绵，由异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇聚合而成，其特征在于：由以下重量份的组分组成：聚醚多元醇90-110份、MDI二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或TDI甲苯二异氰酸酯30-70份、链延长剂0-0 .5份、高效泡沫稳定剂0 .5-5份、高效复合催化剂0 .1-1份、外发泡剂0-6份、水1-5份、β-CD环糊精或羟丙基β-CD环糊精0 .2-0 .5份、壳聚糖微胶囊0 .2-0 .5份；
所述壳聚糖微胶囊的囊芯为胡椒木、柠檬草、艾叶的提取液的复合物；
异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇聚合时，在聚醚多元醇、MDI二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或TDI甲苯二异氰酸酯、链延长剂、高效泡沫稳定剂、高效复合催化剂、外发泡剂、水中，加入壳聚糖微胶囊、β-CD环糊精或羟丙基β-CD环糊精，制成原料进行聚合和发泡。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种植物源芳香驱蚊聚氨酯海绵，其特征在于：所述胡椒木、柠檬草、艾叶的提取液的复合物的复合比为1:1 .5-2 .5:2 .3-3 .7。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种植物源芳香驱蚊聚氨酯海绵，其特征在于：所述链延长剂为多元醇或二胺类低分子化合物，所述高效泡沫稳定剂为有机硅泡沫稳定剂或聚硅氧烷-聚氧化烯烃镶嵌共聚物，所述高效复合催化剂为锡类催化剂、胺类催化剂，所述外发泡剂为用于聚氨酯发泡的物理发泡剂，所述聚醚多元醇是用于聚氨酯发泡的聚醚。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种植物源芳香驱蚊聚氨酯海绵，其特征在于：聚氨酯海绵的制备步骤如下：
S1、异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇聚合时，在聚醚多元醇、MDI二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或TDI甲苯二异氰酸酯、链延长剂、高效泡沫稳定剂、高效复合催化剂、外发泡剂、水中加入壳聚糖微胶囊、β-CD环糊精或羟丙基β-CD环糊精，制成原料进行聚合和发泡；
发泡为开放连续式低压平泡，将原料通过发泡喷嘴喷至发泡系统输送装置，边发泡边传送，同时对输送装置进行限位，控制聚氨酯海绵的宽度，聚氨酯海绵的厚度由原料的流量和输送速度控制，调节混合头的输出量满足泡沫的宽厚需求，并通过调节输送速度和降落板位置，控制泡沫顶部高度及弧度，获得所需的泡沫流型；
S2、大尺寸聚氨酯海绵发泡完成后，采用后续的切割技术进行异形切割。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种植物源芳香驱蚊聚氨酯海绵，其特征在于：所述步骤S1中，发泡喷嘴喷射原料的流量控制在80-400kg/min，输送速度控制在2-6m/min，发泡时间为2-5min。
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