CN112503539A - Automatic control process for pollution factor of pretreatment compatibility characteristic of incineration material - Google Patents

Automatic control process for pollution factor of pretreatment compatibility characteristic of incineration material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112503539A
CN112503539A CN202011420480.9A CN202011420480A CN112503539A CN 112503539 A CN112503539 A CN 112503539A CN 202011420480 A CN202011420480 A CN 202011420480A CN 112503539 A CN112503539 A CN 112503539A
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waste
incineration
flue gas
liquid
rotary kiln
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Chinese (zh)
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王玉林
王敏涛
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Taizhou Huiming Solid Waste Disposal Co ltd
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Taizhou Huiming Solid Waste Disposal Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/06—Mechanically-operated devices, e.g. clinker pushers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic control process of pollution factors with compatibility characteristics in pretreatment of incineration materials, which comprises the following steps: the dangerous waste is collected and transported to the field in a centralized way by utilizing a special container and vehicles; the dangerous waste to be incinerated and the dangerous waste to be incinerated after being pretreated are transported into an incineration workshop by using a special container and a vehicle, the smoke which is incinerated by adopting a rotary kiln type incinerator and is incinerated by a secondary combustion chamber is cooled by a waste heat boiler, and then is rapidly cooled by adopting a quench tower. The waste compatibility is based on the principle that an incineration system can stably run up to the standard, so that the incineration waste is matched into a relatively stable heat value range, and the amount of auxiliary fuel and combustion-supporting air is set according to the heat value; secondly, adding solid, semi-solid and liquid wastes to be treated in proportion to ensure uniform incineration; the waste with higher S, Cl content is dispersed again, so as to avoid excessive over-standard discharge.

Description

Automatic control process for pollution factor of pretreatment compatibility characteristic of incineration material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of incineration material treatment, in particular to an automatic control process for a pollution factor of pretreatment compatibility characteristics of incineration materials.
Background
The definition of hazardous waste includes two implications, one is that hazardous waste is part of solid waste (in other words, if a substance is not solid waste, then the substance must not be hazardous waste); secondly, the hazardous waste has hazardous characteristics, five common hazardous waste characteristics are respectively toxicity (including leaching toxicity, acute toxicity, biotoxicity and the like), corrosivity, inflammability, infectivity and chemical reactivity, and the solid waste with one or more hazardous characteristics belongs to the hazardous waste;
in order to ensure that waste compatibility is in a principle of ensuring that an incineration system can stably run up to the standard, the incineration waste is matched in a more stable heat value range, and the amount of auxiliary fuel and combustion air is set according to the heat value; in order to ensure uniform incineration of hazardous wastes and avoid excessive overproof discharge in a furnace, an automatic control process of a pollution factor with compatibility characteristics of pretreatment of incinerated materials is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the background technology, the invention provides an automatic control process of a pollution factor with compatibility characteristics of pretreatment of an incineration material, and solves the problems brought forward by the background technology.
The invention provides the following technical scheme: an automatic control process for pollution factors of pretreatment compatibility characteristics of incineration materials, which comprises the following steps:
step one, collecting and transporting dangerous waste into a field in a centralized manner by using a special container and vehicles;
step two, transporting the hazardous waste to be incinerated and the hazardous waste to be incinerated after pretreatment into an incineration workshop by using a special container and a vehicle, carrying out incineration treatment by using a rotary kiln type incinerator, cooling the flue gas incinerated by a secondary combustion chamber by using a waste heat boiler, and then rapidly cooling by using a quench tower;
step three, the rotary kiln enters a bag type dust collector for filtration and dust removal after being deacidified by a dry method, is further deacidified by a wet type deacidification tower, and finally enters a flue gas reheater and is discharged after reaching the standard through a chimney;
and fourthly, carrying out high-temperature incineration on the wastes in the incinerator to generate physical and chemical changes to form harmless residues, and enabling the residues to enter the water-seal scraper slag extractor through a hopper interface. The water seal scraper slag extractor groove is filled with cooling water, the residue is rapidly cooled after entering the water, the residue is continuously output to a residue box by the water seal scraper slag extractor, the flying ash of the waste heat boiler is collected by a closed ash box, and the flying ash at the bottom of the quenching deacidification tower is put into the ash box; the bottom of the bag fly ash bucket enters an ash box and is conveyed to a special receiving unit by an ash conveying vehicle for processing.
Preferably, the first step comprises solid and semisolid waste storage and feeding, barreled semisolid waste feeding and liquid waste storage and feeding, the solid waste is directly discharged into a solid waste storage bin at the front end of an incineration workshop by a transport vehicle, larger solid waste is discharged into a solid waste storage bin after being crushed by a crusher, the solid waste, the larger solid waste and the semisolid are mixed and matched by a grab bucket machine and are sent into a discharging hopper, and then the mixture is evenly sent into a rotary kiln for incineration by a plate feeder at the bottom of the hopper; the barreled semi-solid waste is automatically turned into a discharging channel through a vertical elevator and then is fed into a rotary kiln for incineration through a double-sealing door; the liquid waste is sent into the factory and is two kinds of modes, one kind is the tank wagon, one kind is that barreled liquid is useless to all liquid waste is useless including useless organic solvent, useless pesticide waste liquid and other waste liquid three main types, the tank wagon is thrown into the useless storage tank of liquid through the pump of unloading, the useless storage tank of corresponding liquid of suction pump suction of barreled liquid, the liquid of the useless storage tank of liquid is useless during incineration disposal and is carried out to the atomizing spray gun that the combustor set up through the delivery pump, spout into rotary kiln or two combustion chambers after compressed air atomizing and burn, the useless ignition of liquid danger is carried out by auxiliary fuel.
Preferably, during primary incineration treatment in the rotary kiln, the auxiliary combustion-supporting burner is firstly put in for ignition and temperature rise, waste liquid can be put in for combustion when the temperature of the rotary kiln rises to more than 750 ℃, the rotary kiln and the whole incineration system thereof all operate under a negative pressure state all the time, solid waste is put in for incineration when the temperature of the rotary kiln rises to more than 850 ℃, the solid waste forms an ash state when the temperature in the kiln continues to rise to more than 1000 ℃, the solid waste moves slowly along the inclination angle and the rotation direction of the rotary kiln, molten fluid flows out of the kiln after about 60min of combustion time, the molten fluid falls into a water-sealed scraper slag extractor, and molten slag forms glass-like particles after water quenching and cooling.
Preferably, when the secondary combustion chamber is used for combustion and temperature rise, flue gas combusted in the rotary kiln enters the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber from the kiln tail, the temperature of the flue gas is further raised through a combustor of the secondary combustion chamber, the temperature of the combustion chamber is heated to be higher than 1100 ℃, and the flue gas stays in the secondary combustion chamber for more than 2s, so that trace organic matters and dioxin in the flue gas can be fully decomposed, the decomposition efficiency exceeds 99.99%, and the hazardous waste entering an incineration system is fully combusted.
Preferably, the high-temperature flue gas after the full combustion in the second combustion chamber enters a waste heat boiler from a top flue outlet of the second combustion chamber for heat recovery, steam generated by heat absorption of a heat exchange surface of the waste heat boiler is supplied to the inside and the outside of an incineration system, and the temperature of the flue gas is reduced from the original temperature of more than 1100 ℃ to about 550 ℃ after passing through the waste heat boiler and then enters a top inlet of the quenching tower.
Preferably, a flue gas purification and discharge system is used in the third step, and the flue gas purification and discharge system comprises a quenching system, a semidry deacidification system, a bag-type dust removal system, a wet deacidification system, a flue gas heater, a chimney and the like.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the waste compatibility is based on the principle that an incineration system can stably run up to the standard, so that the incineration waste is matched into a relatively stable heat value range, and the amount of auxiliary fuel and combustion-supporting air is set according to the heat value; secondly, adding solid, semi-solid and liquid wastes to be treated in proportion to ensure uniform incineration; the waste with higher S, Cl content is dispersed again, so as to avoid excessive over-standard discharge.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the automatic control process of pollution factors with compatibility characteristics of pretreatment of incineration materials.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The drawings in the embodiments of the invention: the different types of hatching in the figures are not given the national standards, do not require the material of the elements, and distinguish between cross-sectional views of the elements in the figures.
As shown in figure 1, the automatic control process of the pollution factor of the pretreatment compatibility characteristic of the incineration materials comprises the following steps:
step one, collecting and transporting dangerous waste into a field in a centralized manner by using a special container and vehicles;
step two, transporting the hazardous waste to be incinerated and the hazardous waste to be incinerated after pretreatment into an incineration workshop by using a special container and a vehicle, carrying out incineration treatment by using a rotary kiln type incinerator, cooling the flue gas incinerated by a secondary combustion chamber by using a waste heat boiler, and then rapidly cooling by using a quench tower;
step three, the rotary kiln enters a bag type dust collector for filtration and dust removal after being deacidified by a dry method, is further deacidified by a wet type deacidification tower, and finally enters a flue gas reheater and is discharged after reaching the standard through a chimney;
and fourthly, carrying out high-temperature incineration on the wastes in the incinerator to generate physical and chemical changes to form harmless residues, and enabling the residues to enter the water-seal scraper slag extractor through a hopper interface. The water seal scraper slag extractor groove is filled with cooling water, the residue is rapidly cooled after entering the water, the residue is continuously output to a residue box by the water seal scraper slag extractor, the flying ash of the waste heat boiler is collected by a closed ash box, and the flying ash at the bottom of the quenching deacidification tower is put into the ash box; the bottom of the bag fly ash bucket enters an ash box and is conveyed to a special receiving unit by an ash conveying vehicle for processing.
The method comprises the steps of firstly, storing and feeding solid and semisolid wastes, feeding barreled semisolid wastes and storing and feeding liquid wastes, wherein the solid wastes are directly unloaded into a solid waste storage bin at the front end of an incineration workshop by a transport vehicle, larger solid wastes are unloaded into a solid waste storage bin after being crushed by a crusher, the solid wastes, the larger solid wastes and the semisolid substances are mixed and matched by a grab bucket machine and are sent into a discharging hopper, and then the mixture is evenly sent into a rotary kiln for incineration by a plate feeder at the bottom of the hopper; the barreled semi-solid waste is automatically turned into a discharging channel through a vertical elevator and then is fed into a rotary kiln for incineration through a double-sealing door; the liquid waste is sent into the factory and is two kinds of modes, one kind is the tank wagon, one kind is that barreled liquid is useless to all liquid waste is useless including useless organic solvent, useless pesticide waste liquid and other waste liquid three main types, the tank wagon is thrown into the useless storage tank of liquid through the pump of unloading, the useless storage tank of corresponding liquid of suction pump suction of barreled liquid, the liquid of the useless storage tank of liquid is useless during incineration disposal and is carried out to the atomizing spray gun that the combustor set up through the delivery pump, spout into rotary kiln or two combustion chambers after compressed air atomizing and burn, the useless ignition of liquid danger is carried out by auxiliary fuel.
When the primary incineration treatment in the rotary kiln is carried out, firstly, an auxiliary combustion-supporting burner is put in for ignition and temperature rise, waste liquid can be put in for combustion when the temperature of the rotary kiln rises to more than 750 ℃, the rotary kiln and the whole incineration system thereof all operate under a negative pressure state all the time, solid waste is put in for incineration when the temperature of the rotary kiln rises to more than 850 ℃, the solid waste forms an ash slag state when the temperature in the kiln continues to rise to more than 1000 ℃, the solid waste slowly moves along the inclination angle and the rotation direction of the rotary kiln, molten fluid flows out of the kiln after about 60min of combustion time and falls into a water-sealed scraper slag extractor, and molten slag forms glass-like particles after water quenching and cooling.
When the secondary combustion chamber is used for combustion and temperature rise, flue gas combusted in the rotary kiln enters the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber from the kiln tail, the temperature of the flue gas is further raised through a combustor of the secondary combustion chamber, the temperature of the combustion chamber is heated to be more than 1100 ℃, and the flue gas stays in the secondary combustion chamber for more than 2s, so that trace organic matters and dioxin in the flue gas can be fully decomposed, the decomposition efficiency exceeds 99.99%, and the hazardous waste entering an incineration system is fully combusted.
High-temperature flue gas after the full combustion of second combustion chamber is exported from its top flue, gets into exhaust-heat boiler and carries out heat recovery, and the steam that exhaust-heat boiler heat transfer surface heat absorption produced supplies inside and burns the system and use outward, and the flue gas is through exhaust-heat boiler after, the temperature drops to about 550 ℃ from original 1100 ℃ above and gets into quench tower top entry.
And in the third step, a flue gas purification and discharge system is used, and the flue gas purification and discharge system comprises a quenching system, a semidry deacidification system, a bag-type dust removal system, a wet deacidification system, a flue gas heater, a chimney and the like.
It should be noted that the processing system mainly includes: a storage and feeding system, an incineration system, a waste heat recycling system, a compressed air system, a cooling circulation system, a flue gas purification and discharge system, a slag and fly ash collection system, an odor treatment system and the like. The waste storage system comprises a liquid waste storage and conveying system and a solid waste storage bin, and the waste pretreatment system comprises a pretreatment process and a feeding process of waste.
The feeding system consists of a waste storage system and a pretreatment feeding system, wherein the waste storage system consists of a liquid waste storage tank, a solid waste storage warehouse, a barreled object storage warehouse and the like; the pretreatment feeding system comprises a crane grab bucket, a barreled object lifter, a plate feeder, a double-sealing door discharging device, a material pushing rod and the like.
The incineration system comprises a rotary kiln, a secondary combustion chamber, an ignition combustion-supporting burner, a liquid waste burner, liquid fuel conveying equipment, an air preheater, a blower, an induced draft fan, a slag discharging system, an ash conveying system, a control system and the like.
The waste heat recovery system comprises a waste heat boiler, a deaerator, a water supply system, a steam distribution system and the like.
The compressed air system consists of an air compressor, a dryer, an air storage tank, a filter and the like.
The cooling circulation system consists of a closed cooling tower, a constant pressure tank, a circulating pump set and the like.
The flue gas purification and discharge system consists of a quenching system, a semidry deacidification system, a bag-type dust removal system, a wet deacidification system, a flue gas heater, a chimney and the like. And a denitration interface is reserved at the waste heat boiler.
The slag and fly ash collecting system consists of Roots blower, ash bin, water sealing scraper slag extractor, slag box, etc.
The odor treatment system comprises a fan, an adsorption tower and the like.
The process flow is briefly described as follows according to the waste incineration process:
storage and feeding system
(1) Storage feed of solid, semi-solid waste:
the solid wastes are directly discharged into a solid waste storage bin at the front end of an incineration workshop by a transport vehicle, and the larger solid wastes are discharged into the solid waste storage bin after being crushed by a crusher.
Solid waste, large solid waste and semisolid matter are mixed and fed into a discharging hopper by a grab bucket machine, and then are uniformly fed into a rotary kiln for incineration by a plate feeder at the bottom of the hopper.
(2) Barreled semi-solid waste feed
The barreled semi-solid waste is automatically turned into a discharging channel by a vertical elevator and then is fed into a rotary kiln for incineration through a double-sealing door.
(3) Liquid waste storage and feed
The liquid waste is sent to the factory in two modes, one is a tank car, the other is barreled liquid waste, and all the liquid waste comprises three types of waste organic solvents, waste pesticide waste liquid and other waste liquid. The tank car is pumped into the liquid waste storage tank by the unloading pump, and the barreled liquid waste is pumped into the corresponding liquid waste storage tank by the suction pump. During incineration treatment, liquid waste in the liquid waste storage tank is conveyed to an atomization spray gun arranged on a combustor through a conveying pump, atomized by compressed air and sprayed into the rotary kiln or the secondary chamber for combustion.
Ignition of the liquid hazardous waste is performed by the auxiliary fuel.
Incineration system
(1) Primary incineration treatment in rotary kiln
Firstly, an auxiliary combustion-supporting burner is put in for ignition and temperature rise, waste liquid can be put in for combustion when the temperature of the rotary kiln rises to more than 750 ℃, the rotary kiln and the whole combustion system thereof all run under a negative pressure state all the time, solid waste is put in for combustion when the temperature of the rotary kiln rises to more than 850 ℃, the solid waste forms an ash state when the temperature in the kiln continues to rise to more than 1000 ℃, the solid waste slowly moves along the inclination angle and the rotation direction of the rotary kiln, molten fluid flows out of the kiln after about 60min of combustion time, the molten fluid falls into a water-sealed scraper slag extractor, and molten slag forms glass-like particles after water quenching and cooling.
(2) Combustion temp. rise in secondary combustion chamber
Flue gas combusted in the rotary kiln enters the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber from the kiln tail, the temperature of the flue gas is further raised through a combustor of the secondary combustion chamber, the temperature of the combustion chamber is heated to be higher than 1100 ℃, the flue gas stays in the secondary combustion chamber for more than 2s, trace organic matters and dioxin in the flue gas are fully decomposed, the decomposition efficiency exceeds 99.99%, and the hazardous waste entering an incineration system is fully combusted.
Waste heat recovery system
High-temperature flue gas after the full combustion of the secondary combustion chamber enters the waste heat boiler from a flue outlet at the top of the secondary combustion chamber for heat recovery, and steam generated by heat absorption of a heat exchange surface of the waste heat boiler is used for the inside and the outside of the incineration system. After passing through the waste heat boiler, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced from original more than 1100 ℃ to about 550 ℃, and the flue gas enters an inlet at the top of the quenching tower.
In order to meet the emission requirements of new standards on NOx, an ammonia water nozzle is reserved on the waste heat boiler, the sprayed NH3 is used as a reducing agent, NOx is reduced into N2 and H2O, and NH3 does not react with residual O2 in the flue gas, so that the NOx in the flue gas reaches the standard and is discharged.
Flue gas purification and discharge system
(1) Quenching system
In order to avoid the generation of dioxin, the flue gas discharged from the waste heat boiler adopts a forced 'quenching' measure of cooling by spraying water in a quenching tower, and the temperature of the flue gas is rapidly reduced from 550 ℃ to below 200 ℃ in 1S so as to reduce the opportunity of 'dioxin' resynthesis.
(2) Semi-dry deacidification system
The flue gas (195 ℃) enters from the bottom of a semidry deacidification tower after passing through a quench tower, is humidified by a spraying system at the bottom of the deacidification tower, then efficiently reacts with slaked lime powder, is discharged from a top outlet and enters a subsequent bag type dust collector.
Activated carbon is sprayed into a connecting flue in front of the deacidification tower, heavy metals and dioxin are adsorbed and removed at low temperature, 200-mesh activated carbon is used to ensure the specific surface area and the adsorption capacity, the activated carbon is added in a continuous operation mode, and the addition amount of the activated carbon can be controlled according to needs.
(3) Bag type dust removing system
The flue gas enters a bag type dust collector after deacidification is carried out in a semi-dry deacidification tower, the smoke dust in the flue gas is filtered and removed in the bag type dust collector, and the collected smoke dust is safely treated.
(4) Wet deacidification system
The flue gas enters an inlet flue of the wet-type deacidification tower from the bag-type dust remover, and the flue gas downwards inclines to enter the wet-type deacidification tower. In the ascending process, the flue gas is mixed with NaOH solution sprayed out from three layers of spraying devices (including a spraying pump, a nozzle and other facilities) in the tower to react in a contact manner, then the flue gas ascends to enter a second-stage demister device (including a clean water pump and other facilities), and the flue gas enters a flue gas heater after being demisted by a demister along a flue.
30 percent NaOH solution is unloaded from the tank wagon to a 30 percent lye tank by an unloading pump, and 30 percent lye is conveyed to a wet-method deacidification tower by a lye conveying pump, so that the PH value in the wet-method deacidification tower is ensured.
The wet deacidification system performs the final-stage deacidification on the flue gas to ensure that the flue gas reaches the flue gas emission standard.
(4) Smoke heater for raising smoke exhaust temperature
The temperature of saturated flue gas discharged by wet deacidification is low, the saturated flue gas is heated to 145 ℃ by a flue gas reheater, dew point corrosion and white smoke generation are avoided, and the heated flue gas is conveyed to a chimney through a draught fan to be discharged out after reaching the standard.
(5) Discharge system
Pollutants in the flue gas treated by the flue gas purification system completely reach the emission standard, and are sent to a chimney through an induced draft fan to be discharged into the atmosphere. The two incineration lines share one chimney.
The top of the second combustion chamber is provided with an emergency chimney with the inner diameter of 0.48m and the height of about 6m, the emergency chimney consists of an opening door and a steel plate chimney, and the bottom of the emergency chimney is provided with a sealing opening door controlled by a pneumatic mechanism. The emergency chimney has the main function that when the accident conditions such as deflagration, power failure and the like occur in the incinerator, the bypass chimney is opened emergently to avoid the occurrence of serious accidents such as equipment explosion, subsequent equipment damage and the like. When the positive pressure in the furnace exceeds 300Pa, the pneumatic mechanism can automatically open the sealing opening door to discharge smoke through the emergency chimney, or the sealing opening door can be manually opened at a special moment. The sealing opening door of the emergency chimney maintains air tightness at ordinary times, and smoke is prevented from directly escaping.
Slag and fly ash collection system
The wastes are incinerated at high temperature in an incinerator to generate physical and chemical changes, and become harmless residues. The residue enters a water-sealed scraper slag extractor through a hopper interface. The water seal scraper slag extractor groove is filled with cooling water. The residue is cooled rapidly after entering water and is continuously output to a residue box by a water seal scraper slag extractor.
The fly ash of the waste heat boiler is collected by a closed ash box.
Putting fly ash at the bottom of the quenching deacidification tower into an ash box;
the bottom of the cloth bag fly ash bucket enters the ash box. The ash is transported to a special receiving unit by an ash transporting vehicle for processing.
The pollutants generated by the incineration process mainly comprise incineration tail gas G1, platform washing water W1, laboratory wastewater W2, slag S1 generated by incineration, fly ash S2 collected by cloth bag dust removal and noise generated by equipment.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

1. An automatic control process for pollution factors with compatibility characteristics of pretreatment of incineration materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, collecting and transporting dangerous waste into a field in a centralized manner by using a special container and vehicles;
step two, transporting the hazardous waste to be incinerated and the hazardous waste to be incinerated after pretreatment into an incineration workshop by using a special container and a vehicle, carrying out incineration treatment by using a rotary kiln type incinerator, cooling the flue gas incinerated by a secondary combustion chamber by using a waste heat boiler, and then rapidly cooling by using a quench tower;
step three, the rotary kiln enters a bag type dust collector for filtration and dust removal after being deacidified by a dry method, is further deacidified by a wet type deacidification tower, and finally enters a flue gas reheater and is discharged after reaching the standard through a chimney;
and fourthly, carrying out high-temperature incineration on the wastes in the incinerator to generate physical and chemical changes to form harmless residues, and enabling the residues to enter the water-seal scraper slag extractor through a hopper interface. The water seal scraper slag extractor groove is filled with cooling water, the residue is rapidly cooled after entering the water, the residue is continuously output to a residue box by the water seal scraper slag extractor, the flying ash of the waste heat boiler is collected by a closed ash box, and the flying ash at the bottom of the quenching deacidification tower is put into the ash box; the bottom of the bag fly ash bucket enters an ash box and is conveyed to a special receiving unit by an ash conveying vehicle for processing.
2. The incineration material pretreatment compatibility characteristic pollution factor automatic control process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of firstly, storing and feeding solid and semisolid wastes, feeding barreled semisolid wastes and storing and feeding liquid wastes, wherein the solid wastes are directly unloaded into a solid waste storage bin at the front end of an incineration workshop by a transport vehicle, larger solid wastes are unloaded into a solid waste storage bin after being crushed by a crusher, the solid wastes, the larger solid wastes and the semisolid substances are mixed and matched by a grab bucket machine and are sent into a discharging hopper, and then the mixture is evenly sent into a rotary kiln for incineration by a plate feeder at the bottom of the hopper; the barreled semi-solid waste is automatically turned into a discharging channel through a vertical elevator and then is fed into a rotary kiln for incineration through a double-sealing door; the liquid waste is sent into the factory and is two kinds of modes, one kind is the tank wagon, one kind is that barreled liquid is useless to all liquid waste is useless including useless organic solvent, useless pesticide waste liquid and other waste liquid three main types, the tank wagon is thrown into the useless storage tank of liquid through the pump of unloading, the useless storage tank of corresponding liquid of suction pump suction of barreled liquid, the liquid of the useless storage tank of liquid is useless during incineration disposal and is carried out to the atomizing spray gun that the combustor set up through the delivery pump, spout into rotary kiln or two combustion chambers after compressed air atomizing and burn, the useless ignition of liquid danger is carried out by auxiliary fuel.
3. The incineration material pretreatment compatibility characteristic pollution factor automatic control process according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the primary incineration treatment in the rotary kiln is carried out, firstly, an auxiliary combustion-supporting burner is put in for ignition and temperature rise, waste liquid can be put in for combustion when the temperature of the rotary kiln rises to more than 750 ℃, the rotary kiln and the whole incineration system thereof all operate under a negative pressure state all the time, solid waste is put in for incineration when the temperature of the rotary kiln rises to more than 850 ℃, the solid waste forms an ash slag state when the temperature in the kiln continues to rise to more than 1000 ℃, the solid waste slowly moves along the inclination angle and the rotation direction of the rotary kiln, molten fluid flows out of the kiln after about 60min of combustion time and falls into a water-sealed scraper slag extractor, and molten slag forms glass-like particles after water quenching and cooling.
4. The incineration material pretreatment compatibility characteristic pollution factor automatic control process according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the secondary combustion chamber is used for combustion and temperature rise, flue gas combusted in the rotary kiln enters the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber from the kiln tail, the temperature of the flue gas is further raised through a combustor of the secondary combustion chamber, the temperature of the combustion chamber is heated to be more than 1100 ℃, and the flue gas stays in the secondary combustion chamber for more than 2s, so that trace organic matters and dioxin in the flue gas can be fully decomposed, the decomposition efficiency exceeds 99.99%, and the hazardous waste entering an incineration system is fully combusted.
5. The incineration material pretreatment compatibility characteristic pollution factor automatic control process according to claim 1, characterized in that: high-temperature flue gas after the second combustion chamber is fully combusted enters a waste heat boiler from a top flue outlet of the second combustion chamber for heat recovery, steam generated by heat absorption of a heat exchange surface of the waste heat boiler is used for the inside and the outside of an incineration system, and the temperature of the flue gas is reduced from original 1100 ℃ to about 550 ℃ after passing through the waste heat boiler and then enters a top inlet of a quenching tower.
6. The incineration material pretreatment compatibility characteristic pollution factor automatic control process according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the third step, a flue gas purification and discharge system is used, and the flue gas purification and discharge system comprises a quenching system, a semidry deacidification system, a bag-type dust removal system, a wet deacidification system, a flue gas heater, a chimney and the like.
CN202011420480.9A 2020-12-08 2020-12-08 Automatic control process for pollution factor of pretreatment compatibility characteristic of incineration material Pending CN112503539A (en)

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