CN113007711A - Intelligent and accurate hazardous waste proportioning method - Google Patents
Intelligent and accurate hazardous waste proportioning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113007711A CN113007711A CN202110305244.0A CN202110305244A CN113007711A CN 113007711 A CN113007711 A CN 113007711A CN 202110305244 A CN202110305244 A CN 202110305244A CN 113007711 A CN113007711 A CN 113007711A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
Abstract
A method for intelligently and accurately dosing hazardous wastes comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: (1) classifying and storing; (2) inputting the information and the quantity into an information management system to form a two-dimensional code label; (3) coding each storage position on the goods shelf of the unmanned warehouse, and inputting the coded data into an information management system; (4) converting the optimized compatibility information of various hazardous wastes into a compatibility list; (5) after the unmanned warehouse receives the compatibility list, extracting each type of hazardous waste in sequence according to each type of hazardous waste listed in the compatibility list and the sequence, and conveying the hazardous waste to a waste pretreatment unit; (6) the waste pretreatment unit is used for crushing, mixing and homogenizing various dangerous wastes listed in the compatibility list according to the compatibility list; (7) and transferring the waste into a waste treatment and disposal unit for treatment. The method has the advantages of simple process, high intelligent degree, safety and reliability, and can improve the blending uniformity of hazardous waste pretreatment and realize accurate blending.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for carrying out safe, efficient and environment-friendly treatment on various hazardous wastes by accurately batching the hazardous wastes, belonging to the technical field of hazardous waste treatment.
Background
The mode of current hazardous waste batching is according to the compatibility document, accomplishes the warehouse-out by artifical fork truck, shifts the waste material to waste material preprocessing units such as material pit, breaker, and whole process is accomplished by artifical basically, and intelligent degree is lower, mixes the comparatively extensive process of disposition simultaneously, and the material pit compounding presents batch nature fluctuation, is unfavorable for the follow-up accurate control who burns the processing, easily causes index fluctuations such as furnace temperature, pollutant discharge, is unfavorable for waste heat recovery and the control of pollutant.
CN106081456A discloses an intelligent storage and batching system for hazardous waste, which comprises a closed warehouse, a storage rack and a discharge port, and is provided with an automatic cruise forklift; a waste conveying device; the controller is used for controlling an automatic cruise forklift in the closed warehouse to automatically load the waste packaging boxes when the waste packaging boxes are detected to be conveyed to the position near the feeding port of the warehouse by the waste conveying device, and conveying the waste packaging boxes to corresponding positions of the goods shelves and automatically unloading the waste packaging boxes according to information contained in the RFID labels of the waste packaging boxes; and after the delivery instruction is received, controlling the automatic cruising forklift to load the corresponding waste packaging box according to the batching demand and automatically unloading the waste packaging box after the waste packaging box is delivered out of the discharge hole of the warehouse.
CN108163432A discloses a dangerous waste intelligent batching method, which comprises the following steps: step 1, determining a heat value, determining a range of the heat value of the dangerous waste conveyed to the incinerator according to the detected temperature of the incinerator, selecting the waste with high heat value in stock by the intelligent batching system when the temperature of the incinerator is lower than a preset combustion temperature, and selecting the waste with low heat value in stock by the intelligent dangerous waste storage batching system when the temperature of the incinerator is higher than the preset combustion temperature; step 2, after the heat value range is determined, the intelligent batching system determines the type and the quantity of the dangerous waste which is to be sent out from the closed type warehouse and the preset destination to be conveyed according to the physical and chemical properties of the dangerous waste with the close heat value stored in the database; and 3, the intelligent batching system completes the determination of the intelligent batching scheme according to the above mode and sends out a delivery instruction comprising the batching scheme to the controller, wherein the scheme comprises the type, the quantity and the sequence of the delivery wastes.
Although the hazardous waste batching technology is intelligent, the blending uniformity of hazardous waste pretreatment cannot be improved, and the batching accuracy needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the batching technology in the existing hazardous waste treatment process, the invention provides the intelligent and accurate batching method for the hazardous waste, which has high intelligence, high safety degree and accurate batching.
The invention discloses an intelligent and accurate hazardous waste dosing method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) classifying according to the principle of hazardous waste component characteristic analysis, and classifying and storing according to the hazardous waste characteristic;
the analysis of the component characteristics of the hazardous waste is firstly classified according to the toxicity, corrosivity, flammability and reactivity of the waste, and then secondary subdivision is carried out according to the heat value, form, packaging form and the like, so that the subsequent treatment is facilitated. Each type of hazardous waste is different in toxicity, corrosivity, flammability, reactivity, calorific value, morphology, and packaging format.
(2) Inputting the information (including the characteristics, the heat value, the form, the packaging form and the storage position of each type of hazardous waste) and the quantity of each type of hazardous waste into an information management system (a data terminal) to form a two-dimensional code label, and adhering the two-dimensional code label to a storage container; the information management system manages the hazardous waste information and identifies and manages the hazardous waste information through the two-dimensional code.
(3) Coding each storage position on the goods shelf of the unmanned warehouse, and recording the coding information of each position into an information management system;
the code is a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) code.
(4) The information management system converts the optimized compatibility information of various dangerous wastes into a compatibility list, and conveys the compatibility list to an unmanned warehouse (specifically to a management system of the unmanned warehouse), a waste pretreatment unit and a waste treatment unit;
the optimized compatibility information of various dangerous wastes means that an information management system intelligently generates a compatibility list according to the characteristics of the wastes, and after manual review and confirmation, various dangerous wastes (materials) in the compatibility list meet the incineration requirement by carrying out weighted average on heat values and acidic components (fluorine, chlorine, sulfur and the like).
The weighted average meets the incineration requirement, namely the limited value requirement of the acid components of the materials (materials entering the incinerator) entering the incinerator is met according to the flue gas treatment efficiency, and the heat value is positioned in a high-order heat value and low-order heat value interval (if the acid component content required by a certain incinerator is less than 5%, the heat value of the materials entering the incinerator is positioned between 3000 kilocalories and 3500 kilocalories); the weighted average value of the calorific value and the acidic component is required to meet the design requirement of the incinerator (different incinerator design values may be different), and the addition amount of the deacidification agent auxiliary material is calculated;
the calorific value calculation formula is as follows:
x is the single material heat value;
f: the single material is proportioned and weighed;
k: the type of material;
the calculation formula of the acid component is as follows:
f, measuring the fluorine content of the single material;
measuring the chlorine content of the single material;
s, measuring the sulfur content of a single material;
f: the single material is proportioned and weighed;
k: the type of material;
the formula for calculating the additive amount of the deacidification agent auxiliary material is as follows:
the amount of the deacidification agent is equal to the amount of the acidic component multiplied by the amount of the deacidification agent fed in unit time multiplied by the molar mass multiplied by the excess coefficient
Note: the excess factor is determined based on the design and empirical values of the flue gas treatment facilities.
(5) After the unmanned warehouse receives the compatibility list, extracting each type of hazardous waste in sequence according to each type of hazardous waste listed in the compatibility list and the sequence, and conveying the hazardous waste to a waste pretreatment unit;
(6) the waste pretreatment unit is used for crushing, mixing and homogenizing various dangerous wastes listed in the compatibility list according to the compatibility list, and simultaneously considering the material forms (solid, semi-solid and liquid), so that the materials entering the incinerator are homogenized;
the waste pre-treatment unit comprises at least one of a crusher, a mixer, SMP (crush-mix-pump system) and a waste liquid system.
(7) After the waste pretreatment unit detects the pretreatment mixing degree of the hazardous waste, the hazardous waste is transferred to a waste treatment unit for treatment;
the detection of the blending degree of the hazardous waste pretreatment is to perform online detection and analysis on characteristics such as element components (the element components comprise C, H, O, N and S), moisture, ash, volatile matters, heat productivity and the like in the material, judge the blending uniformity degree through infrared recognition assistance, and judge that the heat value of the incineration material and the acid components (fluorine, chlorine, sulfur and the like) are uniformly blended under the condition that the blending data fluctuation is less than 20%.
The method disclosed by the invention is simple in process, high in intelligent degree, safe and reliable, reduces the personnel operation, simultaneously improves the blending uniformity of hazardous waste pretreatment, realizes accurate batching, provides a foundation for subsequent safe, efficient and environment-friendly treatment and disposal, and has the characteristics of high intelligence, high safety degree and accurate batching.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the intelligent and precise dosing method for hazardous wastes in the invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the method for intelligent and precise dosing of hazardous wastes of the present invention covers the whole production area by using 5G communication technology, and specifically comprises the following steps.
(1) Classifying according to the principle of hazardous waste component characteristic analysis, and storing according to the hazardous waste characteristic
Hazardous waste characteristics refer to the toxicity, acidic corrosivity, basic corrosivity, flammability, and reactivity of the hazardous waste. The waste is classified according to the principles of toxicity, corrosivity, inflammability and reactivity of the waste, and then is secondarily subdivided according to the heat value, the shape, the packaging form and the like, so that the subsequent treatment is facilitated. Each class differs in toxicity, corrosivity, flammability, reactivity, calorific value, morphology, and packaging format.
For example, the distillation residue generated by a certain chemical process is detected to have toxicity, inflammability, acid-base neutrality and non-reactivity, the calorific value is 3200 kilocalories, the distillation residue is in a semi-solid state and is packaged into an iron bucket, and the distillation residue is divided into flammable areas according to the characteristics of materials for storage.
(2) Recording the characteristics, heat value, form, packaging form, storage position, quantity and other information of hazardous waste components into an information management system to form a two-dimensional code label and paste the two-dimensional code label on a storage container; the information management system manages the hazardous waste information and identifies and manages the hazardous waste information through the two-dimensional code.
And forming a two-dimensional code label for each type of hazardous waste in each batch, wherein the two-dimensional code label for each type of hazardous waste in each batch contains information such as component characteristic analysis (toxicity, acid corrosivity, alkaline corrosivity, inflammability and reactivity), heat value, form, packaging form, storage position and quantity. Each batch of waste is stored in a plurality of packaging containers with the same specification, the same two-dimension code is pasted on each packaging container, and the two-dimension code is unique and can be subjected to traceability management.
For example, the two-dimensional code basic information of the rectification residue comprises information such as waste name, code, production unit, toxicity, flammability, calorific value, solid state, iron drum and the like, and other detailed information such as content of toxic substances, emergency disposal mode and the like is recorded in the information management system.
(3) Coding each storage position on the unmanned warehouse shelf according to Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and recording the coded information of each position into an information management system to form a 3D information base.
The unmanned warehouse adopts the radio frequency identification technology to code the goods shelves and accurately stores and takes various wastes.
Each type of container with two-dimension code labels is stored at a corresponding position on a shelf of the unmanned warehouse, each storage position is coded according to radio frequency identification, and the codes are inconsistent with the two-dimension codes of each type. The coding of the storage location is fixed and the waste stored is variable.
If the rectification residues are stored in the No. 2 position of the 4 layers of the G shelf 12 in the area G of the warehouse A and the F area G, the storage position is coded by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), so that the unmanned forklift operation access and the 3D three-dimensional information library management are facilitated.
(4) The information management system converts the optimized compatibility information of various dangerous wastes into a compatibility list, and conveys the compatibility list to an unmanned warehouse (specifically to a management system of the unmanned warehouse), a waste pretreatment unit and a waste treatment unit;
the optimized compatibility information of various dangerous wastes means that an information management system intelligently generates a compatibility list according to the waste characteristics, an algorithm is provided for subsequent compatibility through manual review, and the heat value and the acidic components (fluorine, chlorine, sulfur and the like) are weighted and averaged to meet the requirements of the incinerator.
The incinerator has limited requirement on acid components of the material to be charged according to the treatment efficiency of a designed matched flue gas treatment system, the heat value is in a high-order heat value interval and a low-order heat value interval, if the content of the acid components of a certain incinerator is less than 5%, the heat value of the material to be charged is between 3000 kilocalories and 3500 kilocalories. The weighted average value of the heat value and the acidic component is required to meet the design requirement of the incinerator, different incinerator design values can be different, and meanwhile, the matching accounting of the proportions of auxiliary materials such as deacidification agents and the like is realized, and the waste material form is considered to meet the requirement of a pretreatment system.
The calorific value calculation formula is as follows:
x is the single material heat value;
f: the single material is proportioned and weighed;
k: the type of material.
The calculation formula of the acid component is as follows:
f, measuring the fluorine content of the single material;
measuring the chlorine content of the single material;
s, measuring the sulfur content of a single material;
f: the single material is proportioned and weighed;
k: the type of material.
Deacidifying agent auxiliary material addition formula:
the amount of the deacidification agent is equal to the amount of the acidic component multiplied by the amount of the deacidification agent fed in unit time multiplied by the molar mass multiplied by the excess coefficient
Note: the excess factor is based on the design and empirical values of the flue gas treatment facilities.
The compatibility optimization of various dangerous wastes is characterized in that the heat value of the material and the acidic components (fluorine, chlorine, sulfur and the like) are relatively constant, the fluctuation of working conditions is reduced to the maximum extent, meanwhile, the content control of the heat value and the acidic components (fluorine, chlorine, sulfur and the like) meets the analysis and test data by taking various facilities and material forms of a pretreatment system as a principle, and the requirements of the incinerator are met by combining the material forms and the pretreatment requirement and weighting on average.
If a certain incinerator is designed to have a furnace heat value of 3000-3500 kilocalories, the acid component is less than 5%, a certain batch of pretreated waste is selected by accounting to have a heat value of 3200 kilocalories, the acid component is 4%, the requirement of furnace design is met, the material form (solid, semi-solid and liquid) proportion is informed to meet the processing capacity of a pretreatment system, and the batch of material can meet the requirement of the incinerator.
And (2) putting the rectification residues into a certain batch of compatible sheets in the step (1), carrying out SMP treatment according to characteristic information heat value, acid component content, shape, package and the like, mixing with other materials on the compatible sheets, and then entering a disposal unit.
(5) After the unmanned warehouse receives the compatibility list, according to each type of dangerous waste listed in the compatibility list and the sequence, each type of dangerous waste is extracted by the unmanned forklift in sequence and conveyed to the waste pretreatment unit. The unmanned forklift automatically goes out of the warehouse and transfers to the next processing unit by means of the instruction of the unmanned warehouse.
(6) The waste pretreatment unit is used for crushing, mixing and homogenizing various dangerous wastes listed in the compatibility list according to the compatibility list, and simultaneously considering the material forms (solid, semi-solid and liquid), so that the materials entering the incinerator are homogenized;
the waste pre-treatment unit comprises at least one of a crusher, a mixer, SMP (crush-mix-pump system) and a waste liquid system.
According to the characteristics of various hazardous wastes listed in a compatibility list, the hazardous wastes are respectively conveyed to a crusher, an SMP (symmetrical multi-processing) system or a waste liquid system, solid hazardous wastes enter the crusher and a mixer, solid, semi-solid and liquid hazardous wastes enter the SMP system, and liquid hazardous wastes enter the waste liquid system (comprising a plurality of groups of liquid which are sprayed into a furnace system for liquid spraying incineration, and non-reactive materials can be sprayed after being homogenized and mixed).
And (2) feeding the rectification residues and the iron drum packaging container into an SMP system together in the step (1), crushing the rectification residues and other materials in batches, then feeding the crushed rectification residues and other materials into a mixer for mixing, homogenizing the mixture, and then feeding the homogenized mixture into a subsequent disposal unit through a pumping system.
(7) After the waste pretreatment unit detects the pretreatment mixing degree of the hazardous waste, the hazardous waste is transferred to a waste treatment disposal unit for subsequent treatment
The method is characterized in that the characteristics of element components, moisture, ash content, volatile matters, heat productivity and the like in the materials are detected and analyzed on line by virtue of a component on-line detection and analysis system, the blending uniformity is judged by infrared recognition assistance, and when the fluctuation of blending data is less than 20%, the heat value of the incineration materials and acid components (fluorine, chlorine, sulfur and the like) are uniformly blended. The elemental composition comprises C, H, O, N and S.
The waste treatment and disposal unit comprises an incinerator and a waste heat recovery system, a residue fly ash collection system, a flue gas treatment system and the like which are matched with the incinerator. If the batch of mixed materials of the rectification residues in the step (1) enters an incinerator, the mixed materials are subjected to pyrolysis, incineration, flue gas waste heat recovery and flue gas treatment and then are discharged after reaching standards, and the incineration residues and the flue gas treatment fly ash are separately collected.
Claims (6)
1. A method for intelligently and accurately dosing hazardous wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) classifying according to the principle of hazardous waste component characteristic analysis, and classifying and storing according to the hazardous waste characteristic;
(2) inputting the information and the quantity of each type of hazardous waste into an information management system to form a two-dimensional code label, and sticking the two-dimensional code label on a storage container;
(3) coding each storage position on the goods shelf of the unmanned warehouse, and recording the coding information of each position into an information management system;
(4) the information management system converts the optimized compatibility information of various dangerous wastes into a compatibility list, and conveys the compatibility list to an unmanned warehouse, a waste pretreatment unit and a waste treatment unit;
(5) after the unmanned warehouse receives the compatibility list, extracting each type of hazardous waste in sequence according to each type of hazardous waste listed in the compatibility list and the sequence, and conveying the hazardous waste to a waste pretreatment unit;
(6) the waste pretreatment unit is used for crushing, mixing and homogenizing various dangerous wastes listed in the compatibility list according to the compatibility list, and simultaneously considering the material form to homogenize the material entering the incinerator;
(7) and after the waste pretreatment unit detects the pretreatment mixing degree of the hazardous waste, the hazardous waste is transferred to a waste treatment disposal unit for treatment.
2. The method for intelligent and precise dosing of hazardous wastes according to claim 1, wherein the analysis of the characteristics of the hazardous wastes components in the step (1) is firstly classified according to the toxicity, corrosiveness, flammability and reactivity of the wastes, and then secondarily subdivided according to the calorific value, the form and the packaging form.
3. The method for intelligent and precise dosing of hazardous waste according to claim 1, wherein the code in step (3) is a radio frequency identification code.
4. The intelligent and accurate dosing method for hazardous wastes according to claim 1, wherein the optimized compatibility information of each type of hazardous wastes in the step (4) means that the information management system intelligently generates a compatibility list according to the characteristics of the wastes, and after manual review and confirmation, each type of hazardous wastes in the compatibility list meet the incineration requirement by carrying out weighted average on the calorific value and the acidic components.
5. The method for intelligently and accurately batching hazardous wastes according to claim 4, wherein the weighted average meets the incineration requirement, which means that the finite value requirement of the acid components of the materials entering the incinerator is met according to the flue gas treatment efficiency, and the heat value is positioned in the interval of the high heat value and the low heat value; the weighted average value of the heat value and the acidic component is required to meet the design requirement of the incinerator, and the addition amount of the deacidification agent auxiliary material is simultaneously calculated;
the calorific value calculation formula is as follows:
x is the single material heat value;
f: the single material is proportioned and weighed;
k: the type of material;
the calculation formula of the acid component is as follows:
f, measuring the fluorine content of the single material;
measuring the chlorine content of the single material;
s, measuring the sulfur content of a single material;
f: the single material is proportioned and weighed;
k: the type of material;
the formula for calculating the additive amount of the deacidification agent auxiliary material is as follows:
the amount of the deacidification agent is equal to the amount of the acidic component multiplied by the amount of the deacidification agent fed in unit time multiplied by the molar mass multiplied by the excess coefficient
The excess factor is determined based on the design and empirical values of the flue gas treatment facilities.
6. The method for intelligently and accurately batching the hazardous wastes according to claim 1, wherein the step (7) of detecting the pretreatment blending degree of the hazardous wastes is to perform online detection and analysis on the characteristics of element components, moisture, ash, volatile matters and heat productivity in the materials, judge the blending uniformity degree through infrared recognition assistance, and judge that the heat value of the incinerated materials and the acid components are uniformly blended when the blending data fluctuation is less than 20%.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112923369A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-08 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Method and device for cooperatively treating hazardous waste by using cement kiln |
| CN114034045A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-02-11 | 南京希捷环保科技有限公司 | Key pretreatment process and equipment for performing cooperative treatment on hazardous waste |
| CN114060827A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-18 | 贵港台泥东园环保科技有限公司 | Compatibility method and device for cooperatively disposing hazardous wastes in cement kiln |
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Application publication date: 20210622 |