CN114034045A - Key pretreatment process and equipment for performing cooperative treatment on hazardous waste - Google Patents
Key pretreatment process and equipment for performing cooperative treatment on hazardous waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN114034045A CN114034045A CN202111251218.0A CN202111251218A CN114034045A CN 114034045 A CN114034045 A CN 114034045A CN 202111251218 A CN202111251218 A CN 202111251218A CN 114034045 A CN114034045 A CN 114034045A
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- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 319
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 276
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 207
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 175
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 171
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 283
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003211 malignant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/10—Drying by heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/20—Dewatering by mechanical means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/60—Separating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/70—Blending
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/80—Shredding
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a key pretreatment process and equipment for performing cooperative treatment on hazardous waste, which comprises the following treatment processes: s1, classification processing; s2, classifying; s3, mixing; s4, forming treatment, wherein the treatment of the solid hazardous waste material specifically refers to drying treatment, crushing treatment, sieving treatment and combustion heat value test of the solid hazardous waste material, and the liquid hazardous waste material is filtered and dehydrated, so that the solid hazardous waste material and the liquid hazardous waste material can be conveniently treated in different modes, the solid hazardous waste material and the liquid hazardous waste material can have higher combustion heat value after treatment, the solid hazardous waste material and the liquid hazardous waste material can be more effectively combusted in the subsequent synergistic treatment process, the combustion treatment effect is improved, the use of industrial kiln fuel is reduced while the actual combustion efficiency of the industrial kiln is ensured, and the treatment capacity and the treatment efficiency of the hazardous waste material are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hazardous waste treatment, in particular to a key pretreatment process and equipment for performing cooperative treatment on hazardous waste.
Background
The hazardous waste refers to waste which has one or more hazardous characteristics such as corrosivity, toxicity, flammability, reactivity or infectivity and does not exclude hazardous characteristics, solid waste or liquid waste which may cause harmful effects on the environment or human health is treated according to the hazardous waste, and with the increasing of the treatment amount of the hazardous waste, the hazardous waste is treated only by the established treatment facilities, so that the treatment requirement is far out of reach, and the hazardous waste and the comburent are cooperatively treated in an incineration treatment mode;
at present, when hazardous waste is disposed in coordination, because the hazardous waste is lack of effective pretreatment, so that the hazardous waste has a great deal of dangerousness in the cooperative disposal process, the hazardous waste is easy to cause great harm to the environment and the human health, and the prior art can not effectively classify and classify the hazardous waste, so that the combustion heat value of the hazardous waste can not be ensured, the combustion value of the hazardous waste can not reach the specified standard when the hazardous waste is actually disposed in coordination, the hazardous waste can not be effectively disposed, and the normal production operation of an industrial kiln can also be influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a key pretreatment process and equipment for performing cooperative treatment on hazardous waste, which can effectively solve the problems that the hazardous waste is not effectively pretreated in the background art, so that the hazardous waste has a plurality of dangers in the cooperative treatment process, and the hazardous waste is easy to cause great harm to the environment and the human health, and the combustion calorific value of the hazardous waste cannot be ensured due to the fact that the hazardous waste cannot be effectively classified and classified in the prior art, so that the combustion value of the hazardous waste cannot reach the specified standard in the actual cooperative treatment process, the hazardous waste cannot be effectively treated, and the normal production operation of an industrial kiln is influenced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the key pretreatment process for the cooperative treatment of the hazardous waste comprises the following treatment processes:
s1, classification processing;
s2, classifying;
s3, mixing;
and S4, molding.
According to the above technical solution, in S1, the classifying specifically means classifying the hazardous waste materials according to different classification criteria, first classifying the hazardous waste materials into combustible hazardous waste materials and flame-retardant hazardous waste materials according to the flammability of the hazardous waste materials, and after classifying the hazardous waste materials into combustible hazardous waste materials and flame-retardant hazardous waste materials, transporting the separated flame-retardant hazardous waste materials for separate collection;
after the combustible hazardous waste materials are separated from the hazardous waste materials, the combustible hazardous waste materials need to be further classified, specifically, the combustible hazardous waste materials are further classified according to the state of the separated combustible hazardous waste materials, and the combustible hazardous waste materials are mainly divided into solid-state hazardous waste materials, semi-solid-state hazardous waste materials and liquid-state hazardous waste materials;
after the combustible dangerous waste materials are classified according to the states of the combustible dangerous waste materials, semi-solid dangerous waste materials need to be separated, and in the separation process, the semi-solid dangerous waste materials are centrifuged by a centrifuge, so that the semi-solid dangerous waste materials are separated into solid dangerous waste materials and liquid dangerous waste materials after centrifugation.
According to the above technical scheme, among S2, categorised processing means that solid-state dangerous waste material and liquid state dangerous waste material that divide into after the centrifugation with semi-solid state dangerous waste material add solid-state dangerous waste material and liquid state dangerous waste material in S1 in the solid-state dangerous waste material and the liquid state dangerous waste material of preliminary classification separation respectively, make the state of dangerous waste material reduce solid-state dangerous waste material and liquid state dangerous waste material two kinds, when dangerous waste material divide into solid-state dangerous waste material and liquid state dangerous waste material two kinds, need handle the dangerous waste material of two kinds of states respectively, specifically include:
A. treating solid hazardous waste materials;
B. and (4) treating the liquid hazardous waste material.
According to the technical scheme, in the step A, the treatment of the solid hazardous waste material specifically comprises the steps of drying, crushing, sieving and testing the combustion heat value of the solid hazardous waste material;
before the solid hazardous waste materials are dried, the water content of the solid hazardous waste materials needs to be measured, after the water content of the solid hazardous waste materials is measured, a water content classification interval is set, and the solid hazardous waste materials are divided into low-water-content solid hazardous waste materials, medium-water-content solid hazardous waste materials and high-water-content solid hazardous waste materials according to the classification interval;
in the drying process, setting the drying time of the solid dangerous waste material with the corresponding water content according to the water content difference of the solid dangerous waste material, drying the solid dangerous waste material with the low water content in an air dryer for 3min, drying the solid dangerous waste material with the medium water content in the air dryer for 5min, and drying the solid dangerous waste material with the high water content in the air dryer for 8 min;
after the solid hazardous waste materials are dried according to different drying time, the dried solid hazardous waste materials are crushed by a superfine crusher, and after the crushing, the crushed powdery solid hazardous waste materials are sieved by a sieving machine, so that the uniform granularity of the crushed solid hazardous waste materials is ensured;
after solid-state danger waste material is smashed and is sieved the processing, need carry out the combustion heat value test to powdered solid-state danger waste material and handle, specifically indicate to carry out the combustion test to powdered solid-state danger waste material through inclosed equipment to confirm its combustion value, after confirming the combustion value of solid-state danger waste material, compare the combustion value of solid-state danger waste material with the required combustion value of solid-state danger waste material coprocessing together:
when the combustion value of the solid dangerous waste materials is lower than the combustion value required by the cooperative treatment of the solid dangerous waste materials, adding a solid combustion improver into the powdery solid dangerous waste materials to improve the combustion value of the solid dangerous waste materials and enable the combustion value of the solid dangerous waste materials to reach the combustion value of the cooperative treatment;
when the combustion value of the solid dangerous waste materials is higher than that required by the synergistic treatment of the solid dangerous waste materials, the solid combustion improver is not required to be added into the powdery solid dangerous waste materials.
According to the technical scheme, in the step B, the treatment of the liquid hazardous waste material specifically means that the liquid hazardous waste material is subjected to filtration treatment, dehydration treatment and test treatment;
the filtering treatment refers to filtering treatment of the liquid hazardous waste material through a liquid filter to filter out impurities doped in the liquid hazardous waste material, and the dehydrating treatment refers to dehydrating treatment of the liquid hazardous waste material through a dehydrator to remove water containing impurities in the liquid hazardous waste material;
the test treatment specifically refers to testing the flammability of the liquid dangerous waste material after filtration and dehydration treatment, and the test process is mainly used for testing the combustion value of the liquid dangerous waste material, and after the combustion value of the liquid dangerous waste material is determined through testing, the combustion value of the liquid dangerous waste material is compared with the combustion value required by the cooperative disposal of the liquid dangerous waste material:
when the combustion value of the liquid-state hazardous waste material is lower than the combustion value required by the cooperative disposal of the liquid-state hazardous waste material, a liquid combustion improver needs to be added into the liquid-state hazardous waste material to improve the combustion value of the liquid-state hazardous waste material, so that the combustion value of the liquid-state hazardous waste material reaches the combustion value of the cooperative disposal of the liquid-state hazardous waste material;
when the combustion value of the liquid-state dangerous waste material is higher than the combustion value required by the cooperative treatment of the liquid-state dangerous waste material, a liquid combustion improver is not required to be added into the liquid-state dangerous waste material.
According to the technical scheme, in the step S3, the mixing treatment specifically includes that the solid hazardous waste material treated in the step A and the liquid hazardous waste material treated in the step B are mixed by a mixer;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out reaction test treatment on solid-state hazardous waste materials and liquid-state hazardous waste materials before mixing treatment, wherein the reaction test comprises the following steps:
a. quantitatively sampling;
b. mixing and testing;
c. testing combustion;
in the step a, the quantitative sampling refers to measuring a certain amount of solid hazardous waste materials and liquid hazardous waste materials through a sampling device.
According to the technical scheme, in the step b, the mixing test refers to that the solid hazardous waste material and the liquid hazardous waste material which are measured are subjected to reaction mixing treatment through a closed container, and the reaction condition of the mixture in the container is observed;
after the bad malignant chemical reaction appears after solid-state dangerous waste material mixes with liquid state dangerous waste material, show that this solid-state dangerous waste material can't mix the use with liquid state dangerous waste material, need to divide solid-state dangerous waste material and liquid state dangerous waste material to deal with in coordination, do not appear after solid-state dangerous waste material mixes with liquid state dangerous waste material bad malignant chemical reaction, show that this solid-state dangerous waste material can mix with liquid state dangerous waste material and deal with in coordination.
According to the technical scheme, in the step c, after the mixture is subjected to a mixing test and the mixture is proved to be capable of being subjected to mixing coordination, a combustion test is carried out on the mixture, in the combustion test process, the mixture of the solid hazardous waste material and the liquid hazardous waste material is combusted through a combustion furnace, the mixed combustion value of the mixture of the solid hazardous waste material and the liquid hazardous waste material is tested, and after the mixed combustion value of the mixture of the solid hazardous waste material and the liquid hazardous waste material is measured, the mixed combustion value of the mixture is compared with the combustion value of boiler fuel in a disposal boiler;
when the mixed combustion value of the mixture is lower than the combustion value of the boiler fuel, the mixture is indicated as the non-alternative fuel, and when the mixed combustion value of the mixture is higher than the combustion value of the boiler fuel, the mixture is indicated as the alternative fuel and is directly used in place of the boiler fuel;
after carrying out reaction test processing to solid-state dangerous waste material and liquid state dangerous waste material, will mix solid-state dangerous waste material and the liquid state dangerous waste material that handles in coordination through the blendor and carry out hybrid processing.
According to the technical scheme, in the step S4, the forming treatment is to form and dry a mixture of solid hazardous waste materials and liquid hazardous waste materials which can be mixed and cooperatively disposed;
the molding treatment is a treatment of extruding the mixture mixed by the mixer into a screw extruder, and the drying treatment is a treatment of drying the extruded mixture by an air flow dryer to form fuel pellets from the molded mixture after air flow drying.
The key pretreatment equipment for the cooperative treatment of the hazardous waste comprises a centrifugal machine, an air dryer, an ultrafine grinder, a sieving machine, a liquid filter, a dehydrator, a mixer, a screw extruder and an airflow dryer;
the centrifuge is used for centrifuging semi-solid dangerous waste materials to divide the semi-solid dangerous waste materials into solid dangerous waste materials and liquid dangerous waste materials after centrifugation;
the air dryer is used for drying the solid dangerous waste materials, the superfine pulverizer is used for pulverizing the dried solid dangerous waste materials, and the sieving machine is used for sieving the pulverized powdery solid dangerous waste materials;
the liquid filter is used for filtering the liquid dangerous waste materials and filtering out impurities doped in the liquid dangerous waste materials, and the dehydrator is used for dehydrating the liquid dangerous waste materials and removing impurity-containing water in the liquid dangerous waste materials;
the blender mixer is used for mixing the treated solid hazardous waste material and the treated liquid hazardous waste material, the screw extruder is used for extruding and molding the mixture mixed by the blender mixer, and the airflow dryer is used for drying the extruded mixture to enable the molded mixture to become fuel particles.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method, in the pretreatment process, the hazardous waste materials can be divided into combustible hazardous waste materials and flame-retardant hazardous waste materials according to the flammability of the hazardous waste materials, so that the incombustible hazardous waste materials can be rapidly removed, the combustion efficiency of the subsequent combustible hazardous waste materials is ensured, and after primary classification, classification and classification can be further performed according to the states of the hazardous waste materials, so that the hazardous waste materials in different states can be conveniently unified subsequently, the subsequent unified treatment is facilitated, and the subsequent treatment process of the hazardous waste materials is shortened;
2. the solid hazardous waste material is treated, specifically, the solid hazardous waste material is subjected to drying treatment, crushing treatment, sieving treatment and combustion heat value test, so that the solid hazardous waste material can have a higher combustion heat value in the subsequent cooperative treatment process, and the solid combustion improver is conveniently added according to the requirement by performing the combustion heat value test on the solid hazardous waste material, so that the subsequent treatment efficiency is ensured; impurities and moisture in the liquid hazardous waste materials are conveniently and quickly removed through filtering and dehydrating the liquid hazardous waste materials, so that the liquid hazardous waste materials are conveniently and better combusted, and the flammability of the liquid hazardous waste materials is conveniently tested through testing and processing the liquid hazardous waste materials, so that a liquid combustion improver is conveniently added according to requirements, the combustion value of the liquid hazardous waste materials is improved, and the liquid hazardous waste materials can be effectively treated in a cooperative treatment process;
by processing the solid hazardous waste material and the liquid hazardous waste material in different modes, the solid hazardous waste material and the liquid hazardous waste material can have higher combustion heat value after being processed, so that the solid hazardous waste material and the liquid hazardous waste material can be more effectively combusted in the subsequent cooperative processing process, the combustion processing effect is improved, the use of fuel is reduced, and the normal operation of the industrial kiln is ensured;
3. before the dangerous waste materials are mixed and treated, the actual reaction condition of the mixture is conveniently and quickly known through the mixed reaction test of the solid dangerous waste materials and the liquid dangerous waste materials, so that the bad malignant chemical reaction caused by blind mixing of the solid dangerous waste materials and the liquid dangerous waste materials is avoided, the combustion safety of the subsequent mixture is ensured, meanwhile, the combustion value of the mixture is conveniently obtained through the combustion test treatment of the mixture, the actual combustion capacity of the mixture is conveniently and better known, the mixture is convenient to replace the fuel of an industrial kiln, the use of the fuel of the industrial kiln is reduced while the actual combustion efficiency of the industrial kiln is ensured, the production cost is reduced, and the treatment capacity and the treatment efficiency of the dangerous waste materials are improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution, a key pretreatment process for hazardous waste synergistic treatment, comprising the following treatment processes:
s1, classification processing;
s2, classifying;
s3, mixing;
and S4, molding.
Based on the above technical solution, in S1, the classification specifically means classifying the hazardous waste materials according to different classification standards, and firstly classifying the hazardous waste materials into combustible hazardous waste materials and flame-retardant hazardous waste materials according to the combustibility of the hazardous waste materials, and after classifying the hazardous waste materials into combustible hazardous waste materials and flame-retardant hazardous waste materials, the separated flame-retardant hazardous waste materials need to be transported for separate collection;
after the combustible hazardous waste materials are separated from the hazardous waste materials, the combustible hazardous waste materials need to be further classified, specifically, the combustible hazardous waste materials are further classified according to the state of the separated combustible hazardous waste materials, and the combustible hazardous waste materials are mainly divided into solid-state hazardous waste materials, semi-solid-state hazardous waste materials and liquid-state hazardous waste materials;
after the combustible dangerous waste materials are classified according to the states of the combustible dangerous waste materials, semi-solid dangerous waste materials need to be separated, and in the separation process, the semi-solid dangerous waste materials are centrifuged by a centrifuge, so that the semi-solid dangerous waste materials are separated into solid dangerous waste materials and liquid dangerous waste materials after centrifugation.
Based on above-mentioned technical scheme, among the S2, categorised the processing and indicate solid-state danger waste material and the liquid state danger waste material that divide into after the centrifugation with semi-solid state danger waste material in S1 solid-state danger waste material and the liquid state danger waste material of preliminary classification separation are added respectively in, make the state of danger waste material reduce solid-state danger waste material and liquid state danger waste material two kinds, divide into solid-state danger waste material and liquid state danger waste material two kinds time at the danger waste material, need handle the danger waste material of two kinds of states respectively, specifically include:
A. treating solid hazardous waste materials;
B. and (4) treating the liquid hazardous waste material.
Based on the technical scheme, in the step A, the treatment of the solid hazardous waste material specifically refers to the drying treatment, the crushing treatment, the sieving treatment and the combustion heat value test of the solid hazardous waste material;
before the solid hazardous waste materials are dried, the water content of the solid hazardous waste materials needs to be measured, after the water content of the solid hazardous waste materials is measured, a water content classification interval is set, and the solid hazardous waste materials are divided into low-water-content solid hazardous waste materials, medium-water-content solid hazardous waste materials and high-water-content solid hazardous waste materials according to the classification interval;
in the drying process, setting the drying time of the solid dangerous waste material with the corresponding water content according to the water content difference of the solid dangerous waste material, drying the solid dangerous waste material with the low water content in an air dryer for 3min, drying the solid dangerous waste material with the medium water content in the air dryer for 5min, and drying the solid dangerous waste material with the high water content in the air dryer for 8 min;
after the solid hazardous waste materials are dried according to different drying time, the dried solid hazardous waste materials are crushed by a superfine crusher, and after the crushing, the crushed powdery solid hazardous waste materials are sieved by a sieving machine, so that the uniform granularity of the crushed solid hazardous waste materials is ensured;
after solid-state danger waste material is smashed and is sieved the processing, need carry out the combustion heat value test to powdered solid-state danger waste material and handle, specifically indicate to carry out the combustion test to powdered solid-state danger waste material through inclosed equipment to confirm its combustion value, after confirming the combustion value of solid-state danger waste material, compare the combustion value of solid-state danger waste material with the required combustion value of solid-state danger waste material coprocessing together:
when the combustion value of the solid dangerous waste materials is lower than the combustion value required by the cooperative treatment of the solid dangerous waste materials, adding a solid combustion improver into the powdery solid dangerous waste materials to improve the combustion value of the solid dangerous waste materials and enable the combustion value of the solid dangerous waste materials to reach the combustion value of the cooperative treatment;
when the combustion value of the solid dangerous waste materials is higher than that required by the synergistic treatment of the solid dangerous waste materials, the solid combustion improver is not required to be added into the powdery solid dangerous waste materials.
Based on the technical scheme, in B, the treatment of the liquid hazardous waste material specifically means that the liquid hazardous waste material is subjected to filtration treatment, dehydration treatment and test treatment;
the filtering treatment refers to filtering treatment of the liquid hazardous waste material through a liquid filter to filter out impurities doped in the liquid hazardous waste material, and the dehydrating treatment refers to dehydrating treatment of the liquid hazardous waste material through a dehydrator to remove water containing impurities in the liquid hazardous waste material;
the test treatment specifically refers to testing the flammability of the liquid dangerous waste material after filtration and dehydration treatment, and the test process is mainly used for testing the combustion value of the liquid dangerous waste material, and after the combustion value of the liquid dangerous waste material is determined through testing, the combustion value of the liquid dangerous waste material is compared with the combustion value required by the cooperative disposal of the liquid dangerous waste material:
when the combustion value of the liquid-state hazardous waste material is lower than the combustion value required by the cooperative disposal of the liquid-state hazardous waste material, a liquid combustion improver needs to be added into the liquid-state hazardous waste material to improve the combustion value of the liquid-state hazardous waste material, so that the combustion value of the liquid-state hazardous waste material reaches the combustion value of the cooperative disposal of the liquid-state hazardous waste material;
when the combustion value of the liquid-state dangerous waste material is higher than the combustion value required by the cooperative treatment of the liquid-state dangerous waste material, a liquid combustion improver is not required to be added into the liquid-state dangerous waste material.
Based on the above technical scheme, in S3, the mixing treatment specifically includes mixing the treated solid hazardous waste material in a and the treated liquid hazardous waste material in B by a mixer;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out reaction test treatment on solid-state hazardous waste materials and liquid-state hazardous waste materials before mixing treatment, wherein the reaction test comprises the following steps:
a. quantitatively sampling;
b. mixing and testing;
c. testing combustion;
in the step a, the quantitative sampling refers to measuring a certain amount of solid hazardous waste materials and liquid hazardous waste materials through a sampling device.
Based on the technical scheme, in the step b, the mixing test refers to that the solid hazardous waste material and the liquid hazardous waste material which are measured are subjected to reaction mixing treatment through a closed container, and the reaction condition of the mixture in the container is observed;
after the solid dangerous waste material and the liquid dangerous waste material are mixed and have bad malignant chemical reaction, the solid dangerous waste material and the liquid dangerous waste material cannot be mixed for use, and the solid dangerous waste material and the liquid dangerous waste material need to be separated for cooperative treatment.
The key pretreatment equipment for the cooperative treatment of the hazardous waste comprises a centrifugal machine, an air dryer, an ultrafine grinder, a sieving machine, a liquid filter, a dehydrator, a mixer, a screw extruder and an airflow dryer;
the centrifugal machine is used for centrifuging semi-solid dangerous waste materials to divide the semi-solid dangerous waste materials into solid dangerous waste materials and liquid dangerous waste materials after centrifugation;
the air dryer is used for drying the solid hazardous waste materials, the superfine pulverizer is used for pulverizing the dried solid hazardous waste materials, and the sieving machine is used for sieving the pulverized powdery solid hazardous waste materials;
the liquid filter is used for carrying out filtration treatment to liquid state danger waste material, filters out the impurity that mixes in the liquid state danger waste material, and the dehydrator is used for carrying out dehydration treatment to liquid state danger waste material, gets rid of the inside moisture that contains miscellaneous of liquid state danger waste material.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution, a key pretreatment process for hazardous waste synergistic treatment, comprising the following treatment processes:
s1, classification processing;
s2, classifying;
s3, mixing;
and S4, molding.
Based on the above technical solution, in S1, the classification specifically means classifying the hazardous waste materials according to different classification standards, and firstly classifying the hazardous waste materials into combustible hazardous waste materials and flame-retardant hazardous waste materials according to the combustibility of the hazardous waste materials, and after classifying the hazardous waste materials into combustible hazardous waste materials and flame-retardant hazardous waste materials, the separated flame-retardant hazardous waste materials need to be transported for separate collection;
after the combustible hazardous waste materials are separated from the hazardous waste materials, the combustible hazardous waste materials need to be further classified, specifically, the combustible hazardous waste materials are further classified according to the state of the separated combustible hazardous waste materials, and the combustible hazardous waste materials are mainly divided into solid-state hazardous waste materials, semi-solid-state hazardous waste materials and liquid-state hazardous waste materials;
after the combustible dangerous waste materials are classified according to the states of the combustible dangerous waste materials, semi-solid dangerous waste materials need to be separated, and in the separation process, the semi-solid dangerous waste materials are centrifuged by a centrifuge, so that the semi-solid dangerous waste materials are separated into solid dangerous waste materials and liquid dangerous waste materials after centrifugation.
Based on above-mentioned technical scheme, among the S2, categorised the processing and indicate solid-state danger waste material and the liquid state danger waste material that divide into after the centrifugation with semi-solid state danger waste material in S1 solid-state danger waste material and the liquid state danger waste material of preliminary classification separation are added respectively in, make the state of danger waste material reduce solid-state danger waste material and liquid state danger waste material two kinds, divide into solid-state danger waste material and liquid state danger waste material two kinds time at the danger waste material, need handle the danger waste material of two kinds of states respectively, specifically include:
A. treating solid hazardous waste materials;
B. and (4) treating the liquid hazardous waste material.
Based on the technical scheme, in the step A, the treatment of the solid hazardous waste material specifically refers to the drying treatment, the crushing treatment, the sieving treatment and the combustion heat value test of the solid hazardous waste material;
before the solid hazardous waste materials are dried, the water content of the solid hazardous waste materials needs to be measured, after the water content of the solid hazardous waste materials is measured, a water content classification interval is set, and the solid hazardous waste materials are divided into low-water-content solid hazardous waste materials, medium-water-content solid hazardous waste materials and high-water-content solid hazardous waste materials according to the classification interval;
in the drying process, setting the drying time of the solid dangerous waste material with the corresponding water content according to the water content difference of the solid dangerous waste material, drying the solid dangerous waste material with the low water content in an air dryer for 3min, drying the solid dangerous waste material with the medium water content in the air dryer for 5min, and drying the solid dangerous waste material with the high water content in the air dryer for 8 min;
after the solid hazardous waste materials are dried according to different drying time, the dried solid hazardous waste materials are crushed by a superfine crusher, and after the crushing, the crushed powdery solid hazardous waste materials are sieved by a sieving machine, so that the uniform granularity of the crushed solid hazardous waste materials is ensured;
after solid-state danger waste material is smashed and is sieved the processing, need carry out the combustion heat value test to powdered solid-state danger waste material and handle, specifically indicate to carry out the combustion test to powdered solid-state danger waste material through inclosed equipment to confirm its combustion value, after confirming the combustion value of solid-state danger waste material, compare the combustion value of solid-state danger waste material with the required combustion value of solid-state danger waste material coprocessing together:
when the combustion value of the solid dangerous waste materials is lower than the combustion value required by the cooperative treatment of the solid dangerous waste materials, adding a solid combustion improver into the powdery solid dangerous waste materials to improve the combustion value of the solid dangerous waste materials and enable the combustion value of the solid dangerous waste materials to reach the combustion value of the cooperative treatment;
when the combustion value of the solid dangerous waste materials is higher than that required by the synergistic treatment of the solid dangerous waste materials, the solid combustion improver is not required to be added into the powdery solid dangerous waste materials.
Based on the technical scheme, in B, the treatment of the liquid hazardous waste material specifically means that the liquid hazardous waste material is subjected to filtration treatment, dehydration treatment and test treatment;
the filtering treatment refers to filtering treatment of the liquid hazardous waste material through a liquid filter to filter out impurities doped in the liquid hazardous waste material, and the dehydrating treatment refers to dehydrating treatment of the liquid hazardous waste material through a dehydrator to remove water containing impurities in the liquid hazardous waste material;
the test treatment specifically refers to testing the flammability of the liquid dangerous waste material after filtration and dehydration treatment, and the test process is mainly used for testing the combustion value of the liquid dangerous waste material, and after the combustion value of the liquid dangerous waste material is determined through testing, the combustion value of the liquid dangerous waste material is compared with the combustion value required by the cooperative disposal of the liquid dangerous waste material:
when the combustion value of the liquid-state hazardous waste material is lower than the combustion value required by the cooperative disposal of the liquid-state hazardous waste material, a liquid combustion improver needs to be added into the liquid-state hazardous waste material to improve the combustion value of the liquid-state hazardous waste material, so that the combustion value of the liquid-state hazardous waste material reaches the combustion value of the cooperative disposal of the liquid-state hazardous waste material;
when the combustion value of the liquid-state dangerous waste material is higher than the combustion value required by the cooperative treatment of the liquid-state dangerous waste material, a liquid combustion improver is not required to be added into the liquid-state dangerous waste material.
Based on the above technical scheme, in S3, the mixing treatment specifically includes mixing the treated solid hazardous waste material in a and the treated liquid hazardous waste material in B by a mixer;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out reaction test treatment on solid-state hazardous waste materials and liquid-state hazardous waste materials before mixing treatment, wherein the reaction test comprises the following steps:
a. quantitatively sampling;
b. mixing and testing;
c. testing combustion;
in the step a, the quantitative sampling refers to measuring a certain amount of solid hazardous waste materials and liquid hazardous waste materials through a sampling device.
Based on the technical scheme, in the step b, the mixing test refers to that the solid hazardous waste material and the liquid hazardous waste material which are measured are subjected to reaction mixing treatment through a closed container, and the reaction condition of the mixture in the container is observed;
after the solid dangerous waste material and the liquid dangerous waste material are mixed and do not have bad malignant chemical reaction, the solid dangerous waste material and the liquid dangerous waste material can be mixed and treated cooperatively.
Based on the technical scheme, in the step c, after the mixture is subjected to mixing test and the mixture is proved to be capable of being subjected to mixing coordination treatment, the mixture is subjected to combustion test, in the combustion test process, the mixture of the solid hazardous waste material and the liquid hazardous waste material is combusted through the combustion furnace, the mixed combustion value of the mixture of the solid hazardous waste material and the liquid hazardous waste material is tested, and after the mixed combustion value of the mixture of the solid hazardous waste material and the liquid hazardous waste material is measured, the mixed combustion value of the mixture is compared with the combustion value of boiler fuel in a disposal boiler;
when the mixed combustion value of the mixture is lower than the combustion value of the boiler fuel, the mixture is indicated as the non-alternative fuel, and when the mixed combustion value of the mixture is higher than the combustion value of the boiler fuel, the mixture is indicated as the alternative fuel and is directly used in place of the boiler fuel;
after carrying out reaction test processing to solid-state dangerous waste material and liquid state dangerous waste material, will mix solid-state dangerous waste material and the liquid state dangerous waste material that handles in coordination through the blendor and carry out hybrid processing.
Based on the above technical solution, in S4, the forming process is to form and dry a mixture of solid hazardous waste materials and liquid hazardous waste materials that can be mixed and disposed;
the molding treatment is a treatment of extruding the mixture mixed by the mixer into a screw extruder, and the drying treatment is a treatment of drying the extruded mixture by an air flow dryer to form fuel pellets from the molded mixture after air flow drying.
The key pretreatment equipment for the cooperative treatment of the hazardous waste comprises a centrifugal machine, an air dryer, an ultrafine grinder, a sieving machine, a liquid filter, a dehydrator, a mixer, a screw extruder and an airflow dryer;
the centrifugal machine is used for centrifuging semi-solid dangerous waste materials to divide the semi-solid dangerous waste materials into solid dangerous waste materials and liquid dangerous waste materials after centrifugation;
the air dryer is used for drying the solid hazardous waste materials, the superfine pulverizer is used for pulverizing the dried solid hazardous waste materials, and the sieving machine is used for sieving the pulverized powdery solid hazardous waste materials;
the liquid filter is used for filtering the liquid dangerous waste materials to filter out impurities doped in the liquid dangerous waste materials, and the dehydrator is used for dehydrating the liquid dangerous waste materials to remove moisture containing impurities in the liquid dangerous waste materials;
the blender mixer is used for mixing the solid dangerous waste materials after being processed and the liquid dangerous waste materials after being processed, the screw extruder is used for carrying out extrusion molding processing on the mixture after being mixed and processed by the blender mixer, and the airflow dryer is used for carrying out drying processing on the extruded mixture, so that the molded mixture becomes fuel particles.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The key pretreatment process for the cooperative treatment of the hazardous waste is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following treatment processes:
s1, classification processing;
s2, classifying;
s3, mixing;
and S4, molding.
2. A critical pretreatment process for hazardous waste co-disposal according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S1, the classification specifically means classifying the hazardous waste materials according to different classification standards, and firstly classifying the hazardous waste materials into combustible hazardous waste materials and flame-retardant hazardous waste materials according to the flammability of the hazardous waste materials, and after the hazardous waste materials are classified into combustible hazardous waste materials and flame-retardant hazardous waste materials, the separated flame-retardant hazardous waste materials need to be transported for separate collection;
after the combustible hazardous waste materials are separated from the hazardous waste materials, the combustible hazardous waste materials need to be further classified, specifically, the combustible hazardous waste materials are further classified according to the state of the separated combustible hazardous waste materials, and the combustible hazardous waste materials are mainly divided into solid-state hazardous waste materials, semi-solid-state hazardous waste materials and liquid-state hazardous waste materials;
after the combustible dangerous waste materials are classified according to the states of the combustible dangerous waste materials, semi-solid dangerous waste materials need to be separated, and in the separation process, the semi-solid dangerous waste materials are centrifuged by a centrifuge, so that the semi-solid dangerous waste materials are separated into solid dangerous waste materials and liquid dangerous waste materials after centrifugation.
3. A critical pretreatment process for hazardous waste co-disposal according to claim 2, characterized in that: among S2, categorised processing is that solid-state danger waste material and liquid state danger waste material that divide into after the centrifugation with semi-solid state danger waste material add solid-state danger waste material and liquid state danger waste material in S1 in the solid-state danger waste material and the liquid state danger waste material of preliminary classification separation respectively, make the state of danger waste material reduce solid-state danger waste material and liquid state danger waste material two kinds, divide into solid-state danger waste material and liquid state danger waste material two kinds time at danger waste material, need handle the danger waste material of two kinds of states respectively, specifically include:
A. treating solid hazardous waste materials;
B. and (4) treating the liquid hazardous waste material.
4. A critical pretreatment process for hazardous waste co-disposal according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step A, the treatment of the solid hazardous waste material specifically comprises the steps of drying, crushing, sieving and testing the combustion heat value of the solid hazardous waste material;
before the solid hazardous waste materials are dried, the water content of the solid hazardous waste materials needs to be measured, after the water content of the solid hazardous waste materials is measured, a water content classification interval is set, and the solid hazardous waste materials are divided into low-water-content solid hazardous waste materials, medium-water-content solid hazardous waste materials and high-water-content solid hazardous waste materials according to the classification interval;
in the drying process, setting the drying time of the solid dangerous waste material with the corresponding water content according to the water content difference of the solid dangerous waste material, drying the solid dangerous waste material with the low water content in an air dryer for 2-4min, drying the solid dangerous waste material with the medium water content in the air dryer for 4-6min, and drying the solid dangerous waste material with the high water content in the air dryer for 7-9 min;
after the solid hazardous waste materials are dried according to different drying time, the dried solid hazardous waste materials are crushed by a superfine crusher, and after the crushing, the crushed powdery solid hazardous waste materials are sieved by a sieving machine, so that the uniform granularity of the crushed solid hazardous waste materials is ensured;
after solid-state danger waste material is smashed and is sieved the processing, need carry out the combustion heat value test to powdered solid-state danger waste material and handle, specifically indicate to carry out the combustion test to powdered solid-state danger waste material through inclosed equipment to confirm its combustion value, after confirming the combustion value of solid-state danger waste material, compare the combustion value of solid-state danger waste material with the required combustion value of solid-state danger waste material coprocessing together:
when the combustion value of the solid dangerous waste materials is lower than the combustion value required by the cooperative treatment of the solid dangerous waste materials, adding a solid combustion improver into the powdery solid dangerous waste materials to improve the combustion value of the solid dangerous waste materials and enable the combustion value of the solid dangerous waste materials to reach the combustion value of the cooperative treatment;
when the combustion value of the solid dangerous waste materials is higher than that required by the synergistic treatment of the solid dangerous waste materials, the solid combustion improver is not required to be added into the powdery solid dangerous waste materials.
5. A critical pretreatment process for hazardous waste co-disposal according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step B, the treatment of the liquid hazardous waste material specifically refers to the filtration treatment, dehydration treatment and test treatment of the liquid hazardous waste material;
the filtering treatment refers to filtering treatment of the liquid hazardous waste material through a liquid filter to filter out impurities doped in the liquid hazardous waste material, and the dehydrating treatment refers to dehydrating treatment of the liquid hazardous waste material through a dehydrator to remove water containing impurities in the liquid hazardous waste material;
the test treatment specifically refers to testing the flammability of the liquid dangerous waste material after filtration and dehydration treatment, and the test process is mainly used for testing the combustion value of the liquid dangerous waste material, and after the combustion value of the liquid dangerous waste material is determined through testing, the combustion value of the liquid dangerous waste material is compared with the combustion value required by the cooperative disposal of the liquid dangerous waste material:
when the combustion value of the liquid-state hazardous waste material is lower than the combustion value required by the cooperative disposal of the liquid-state hazardous waste material, a liquid combustion improver needs to be added into the liquid-state hazardous waste material to improve the combustion value of the liquid-state hazardous waste material, so that the combustion value of the liquid-state hazardous waste material reaches the combustion value of the cooperative disposal of the liquid-state hazardous waste material;
when the combustion value of the liquid-state dangerous waste material is higher than the combustion value required by the cooperative treatment of the liquid-state dangerous waste material, a liquid combustion improver is not required to be added into the liquid-state dangerous waste material.
6. A critical pretreatment process for hazardous waste co-disposal according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step S3, the mixing treatment specifically includes mixing the treated solid hazardous waste material in the step a with the treated liquid hazardous waste material in the step B by a mixer;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out reaction test treatment on solid-state hazardous waste materials and liquid-state hazardous waste materials before mixing treatment, wherein the reaction test comprises the following steps:
a. quantitatively sampling;
b. mixing and testing;
c. testing combustion;
in the step a, the quantitative sampling refers to measuring a certain amount of solid hazardous waste materials and liquid hazardous waste materials through a sampling device.
7. A critical pretreatment process for hazardous waste co-disposal according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the step b, the mixing test refers to that the solid hazardous waste material and the liquid hazardous waste material which are measured are reacted and mixed through a closed container, and the reaction condition of the mixture in the container is observed;
after the bad malignant chemical reaction appears after solid-state dangerous waste material mixes with liquid state dangerous waste material, show that this solid-state dangerous waste material can't mix the use with liquid state dangerous waste material, need to divide solid-state dangerous waste material and liquid state dangerous waste material to deal with in coordination, do not appear after solid-state dangerous waste material mixes with liquid state dangerous waste material bad malignant chemical reaction, show that this solid-state dangerous waste material can mix with liquid state dangerous waste material and deal with in coordination.
8. A critical pretreatment process for hazardous waste co-disposal according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the step c, after the mixture is subjected to a mixing test and the mixture is proved to be capable of being subjected to mixing coordination treatment, a combustion test is carried out on the mixture, in the combustion test process, the mixture of the solid dangerous waste material and the liquid dangerous waste material is combusted through a combustion furnace, the mixed combustion value of the mixture of the solid dangerous waste material and the liquid dangerous waste material is tested, and after the mixed combustion value of the mixture of the solid dangerous waste material and the liquid dangerous waste material is measured, the mixed combustion value of the mixture is compared with the combustion value of boiler fuel in a disposal boiler;
when the mixed combustion value of the mixture is lower than the combustion value of the boiler fuel, the mixture is indicated as the non-alternative fuel, and when the mixed combustion value of the mixture is higher than the combustion value of the boiler fuel, the mixture is indicated as the alternative fuel and is directly used in place of the boiler fuel;
after carrying out reaction test processing to solid-state dangerous waste material and liquid state dangerous waste material, will mix solid-state dangerous waste material and the liquid state dangerous waste material that handles in coordination through the blendor and carry out hybrid processing.
9. A critical pretreatment process for hazardous waste co-disposal according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step S4, the forming treatment is to form and dry a mixture of solid hazardous waste materials and liquid hazardous waste materials which can be mixed and cooperatively disposed;
the molding treatment is a treatment of extruding the mixture mixed by the mixer into a screw extruder, and the drying treatment is a treatment of drying the extruded mixture by an air flow dryer to form fuel pellets from the molded mixture after air flow drying.
10. Critical pretreatment equipment for the co-disposal of hazardous waste according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: the pretreatment equipment comprises a centrifugal machine, an air dryer, an ultrafine grinder, a sieving machine, a liquid filter, a dehydrator, a mixer, a screw extruder and an airflow dryer;
the centrifuge is used for centrifuging semi-solid dangerous waste materials to divide the semi-solid dangerous waste materials into solid dangerous waste materials and liquid dangerous waste materials after centrifugation;
the air dryer is used for drying the solid dangerous waste materials, the superfine pulverizer is used for pulverizing the dried solid dangerous waste materials, and the sieving machine is used for sieving the pulverized powdery solid dangerous waste materials;
the liquid filter is used for filtering the liquid dangerous waste materials and filtering out impurities doped in the liquid dangerous waste materials, and the dehydrator is used for dehydrating the liquid dangerous waste materials and removing impurity-containing water in the liquid dangerous waste materials;
the blender mixer is used for mixing the treated solid hazardous waste material and the treated liquid hazardous waste material, the screw extruder is used for extruding and molding the mixture mixed by the blender mixer, and the airflow dryer is used for drying the extruded mixture to enable the molded mixture to become fuel particles.
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