CN112500224A - Method for preparing water-soluble fertilizer by using fish protein hydrolysate - Google Patents
Method for preparing water-soluble fertilizer by using fish protein hydrolysate Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing a water-soluble fertilizer by using fish protein hydrolysate, which comprises the following steps: pretreatment, hydrolysis, concentration, neutralization and compounding. The method for water-soluble fertilizer has the advantages that the hydrolysis is sufficient, the nutrient substances in the fish materials can be fully utilized, and meanwhile, the deposition of hydrolysis excess materials in production equipment can be effectively avoided; the prepared water-soluble fertilizer has a good slow release effect, effectively reduces the loss of the water-soluble fertilizer in soil, has a high fertilizer utilization rate, effectively reduces the fertilization operation times, and effectively reduces the labor force and planting cost of growers; compared with the existing water-soluble fertilizer, the application amount is reduced by 10-13%, and the fertilizer can provide balanced nutrient elements for crops and is easy to absorb by the crops; after the fertilizer is applied for one year, the water content of the soil is improved by about 8-13%, and the porosity of the soil is improved by about 10-14%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fertilizers, in particular to a method for preparing a water-soluble fertilizer by using fish protein hydrolysate.
Background
The aquatic resources in China are rich, the total quantity of aquatic products in China live at the first position of the world in successive years from the 90 s, and all people can reach 37.0 kg; with the development of modern fishing technology and culture technology, a plurality of low-value aquatic products such as small fishes, shrimps and the like can be rapidly bred, become main aquatic product economic sources, and even far exceed the requirements of people on fish protein. Meanwhile, although the aquatic product resources in China are rich, the processing of the aquatic products is seriously lagged, the processing is mainly performed by rough processing, the number of finished and deep-processed products is small, the process and the product quality are in certain gaps compared with those of developed countries, and a large amount of waste fish materials generated at the same time are directly discarded under the condition of no market demand, so that the waste of resources is caused, and the adverse effect on the environment is also caused.
Organic fertilizers are a development trend of agricultural fertilizers, and besides base fertilizers, high-efficiency organic fertilizers are usually used for foliar spraying and drip irrigation, so that the organic fertilizers are required to have high water solubility. From the aspect of nutrition, the organic fertilizer not only needs higher nutrient components, but also retains the effect of active factors in the organic matters on increasing the yield and improving the quality of plants, and cannot contain impurities of harmful crops such as heavy metals and the like. The current organic fertilizer mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: agricultural wastes: such as straw, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, etc.; and (3) livestock and poultry manure: such as chicken manure, cattle and sheep horse manure and rabbit manure; industrial waste: such as vinasse, vinegar residue, cassava residue, sugar residue, furfural residue and the like; domestic garbage: such as kitchen waste and the like; sewage sludge: such as river sludge, sewage sludge, and the like. At present, with the annual increase of the fishing amount and the processing amount of aquatic products in China, the leftovers of the fishes in China after processing can reach more than 500 million tons, rich nutrient substances in the leftovers of the fishes are fully utilized, and the method has great advantages on the improvement of the quality of the organic fertilizer, the reduction of the cost and the like.
The applicant finds that, although some beneficial effects are achieved in the existing water-soluble organic fertilizer using fish as a raw material, the hydrolysis is not sufficient in the process of hydrolyzing and extracting fish materials, and nutrient substances in the fish materials cannot be fully utilized; meanwhile, hydrolysis excess materials are easy to deposit in production equipment and are not easy to clean, so that the efficiency of the production equipment is reduced. Furthermore, the existing water-soluble organic fertilizer using fish as a raw material also has the problems of poor slow release effect and too fast loss of beneficial ingredients.
Chinese patent CN108821899A discloses a fish protein fertilizer capable of promoting plant growth and a preparation method thereof, wherein the fish protein fertilizer is prepared by adopting methods of enzymolysis, filtration, nanofiltration and electrolysis. However, the preparation method adopted by the patent has insufficient enzymolysis on the fish protein, and cannot fully utilize the nutrient substances in the fish material; meanwhile, the enzymolysis residual materials are abandoned, so that the waste of resources is caused to a certain extent.
Chinese patent CN103553749B discloses a method for producing amino acid agricultural fertilizer by hydrolyzing fish skin and fish scale with complex enzyme, which comprises the steps of heating and denaturing fish skin and fish scale, hydrolyzing with protease, filtering, concentrating and the like. However, the preparation method adopted by the patent has insufficient enzymolysis on the fish protein, and cannot fully utilize the nutrient substances in the fish material; meanwhile, hydrolysis excess materials are easy to deposit in production equipment and are not easy to clean, so that the efficiency of the production equipment is reduced; in addition, through the test of the applicant, the problems of poor slow release effect and too fast loss of beneficial ingredients exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing a water-soluble fertilizer by using fish protein hydrolysate, which aims to realize the following purposes:
(1) in the process of hydrolyzing and extracting the fish materials, the hydrolysis is sufficient, and the nutrient substances in the fish materials can be fully utilized;
(2) the problem that the production efficiency is reduced due to the fact that hydrolysis excess materials are easy to deposit in production equipment is solved;
(3) the slow release effect of the water-soluble fertilizer prepared by using the fish protein hydrolysate is improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing a water-soluble fertilizer by using fish protein hydrolysate, which comprises the following steps: pretreating, hydrolyzing, concentrating, neutralizing and compounding;
the pretreatment comprises cleaning, freeze-drying and grinding;
freeze-drying, namely, freezing the cleaned fish tissue for 10-16 hours in an environment of-35 to-25 ℃; then, cooling to-70 to-60 ℃, vacuumizing to-0.05 to-0.04 MPa, and carrying out sublimation drying for 1 to 2 hours; then heating to 30-40 ℃, vacuumizing to-0.02 MPa, and keeping the negative pressure for 3-5 h; releasing pressure to normal pressure within 0.1s to complete the freeze-drying step;
and grinding, namely grinding the freeze-dried fish tissue into particles of 20-50 meshes under the condition of 800-1000 RPM.
Further, the hydrolysis step, namely, putting the pretreated fish tissue particles into 10-15 times of phosphate buffer solution, putting a predetermined part of compound enzyme, heating to 40-50 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation hydrolysis for 10-12 h; after the hydrolysis is finished, inactivating enzyme and filtering out solid matters, and keeping filtrate;
the compound enzyme agent is chymotrypsin and papain;
the chymotrypsin is: the weight ratio of the papain is 2: 1.
Further, the hydrolysis is carried out on the pretreated fish tissue particles by adopting a compound enzyme agent;
the adding amount of the compound enzyme agent is 1-3wt% of the weight of the fish tissue particles.
Further, concentrating the filtrate obtained in the hydrolysis step under the conditions that the pressure is-0.09 to-0.08 MPa and the temperature is 55 to 65 ℃ until the volume of the filtrate is 30 to 40 percent of the original volume;
and neutralizing the concentrated hydrolysis filtrate by using 0.15-0.25mol/L KOH solution until the concentrated hydrolysis filtrate is neutral, and standing for 20-30 min.
Further, the compounding comprises complex preparation, fermentation liquor preparation, material mixing and fertilizer preparation;
preparing the complex, including molding and crushing;
the molding is carried out, sodium alginate solution with 0.7-1.2 times of volume is added into the neutralized filtrate, the temperature is raised to 30-40 ℃, and the mixture is stirred for 20-30min at 300-400 RPM; then adding predetermined parts of calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, sodium humate and gluconolactone, and stirring at 500-600RPM for 1-1.2 h; then putting the mixture into an environment with the temperature of-35 ℃ and freezing the mixture for 12 hours; cooling to-70 deg.C, and freeze drying for 12 hr to obtain the final product.
Further, the concentration of the sodium alginate solution is 5-7%;
the purity of the potassium pyrophosphate is more than 90 percent;
the content of the sodium humate in water-soluble humic acid (dry basis) is more than or equal to 75 percent, the content of water-insoluble substances (dry basis) is less than or equal to 8 percent, and the content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.35 percent.
Further, the fermentation liquor preparation comprises the steps of putting the solid matter filtered in the hydrolysis step into deionized water with the volume 7-10 times that of the solid matter, and then adding glucose, urea and KH2PO4Mixing uniformly; adding lactobacillus acidophilus, pichia pastoris and bacillus mucilaginosus in a predetermined part, stirring at 50-70RPM for 1-2h, and standing and fermenting for 3-5 days; filtering out the residual solid to prepare fermentation liquor;
the solid matter: glucose: urea: KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4The weight ratio of (1) is 30:5:3: 3;
the addition amount of lactobacillus acidophilus, pichia pastoris and bacillus mucilaginosus is 2 wt%.
Further, the compound is mixed to prepare the fertilizer, and the compound particles, the fermentation liquor, the urea, the copper nitrate, the ammonium molybdate, the sodium tetraborate, the compound glue and the mannan are mixed according to the predetermined parts to prepare the water-soluble fertilizer.
Further, the weight ratio of the complex particles, the fermentation liquor, the urea, the copper nitrate, the ammonium molybdate, the sodium tetraborate, the complex gum and the mannan is 50-60:10-20:5-10:1-3:2-5:0.5-1:3-5: 1-2.
Further, the composite gum is prepared by adopting pullulanase to control the content of polysaccharide side chain galactose of guar gum within the range of 22-25%, and then uniformly mixing with 2 times of xanthan gum by weight.
The water-soluble fertilizer can be prepared into powder fertilizer by spray drying; can be spraying granulation to prepare granular fertilizer; can be directly used as liquid fertilizer; and other conventional forms of fertilizers made on demand, not limited to the foregoing methods.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method for preparing the water-soluble fertilizer by using the fish protein hydrolysate has the advantages of full hydrolysis, full utilization of nutrient substances in fish materials, and effective avoidance of the problem of production efficiency reduction caused by deposition of hydrolysis excess materials in production equipment.
(2) The method for preparing the water-soluble fertilizer by using the fish protein hydrolysate effectively removes the residual salt and heavy metals in the fish meat, and the contents of arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead and mercury are all less than 2 ppm.
(3) According to the method for preparing the water-soluble fertilizer by using the fish protein hydrolysate, the prepared water-soluble fertilizer is good in slow release effect, the loss of the water-soluble fertilizer in soil is effectively reduced, the fertilizer utilization rate is high, the fertilizing operation times are effectively reduced, and the labor force and the planting cost of growers are effectively reduced;
(4) compared with the existing water-soluble fertilizer, the method for preparing the water-soluble fertilizer by using the fish protein hydrolysate has the advantages that the application amount is reduced by 10-13%, balanced nutrient elements can be provided for crops, and the water-soluble fertilizer is easy to absorb by the crops.
(5) According to the method for preparing the water-soluble fertilizer by using the fish protein hydrolysate, after the water-soluble fertilizer is applied for one year, the water content of soil is improved by about 8-13%, and the porosity of the soil is improved by about 10-14%.
(6) The method for preparing the water-soluble fertilizer by using the fish protein hydrolysate is applied to tomato planting, and the tomato yield is improved by about 12-17%; the VC content in the tomatoes is improved by about 9 to 13 percent; meanwhile, the growth of tomato root systems can be promoted, and the length of the main tomato root is 5.9-7.3 cm.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described.
Example 1
A method for preparing a water-soluble fertilizer by using fish protein hydrolysate, which comprises the following steps: pretreatment, hydrolysis, concentration, neutralization and compounding.
And the pretreatment comprises cleaning, freeze-drying and grinding.
The cleaning is to put fresh fish tissues into water with the volume 3 times that of the fish tissues, heat the fish tissues to 30 ℃, and ultrasonically clean the fish tissues for 20 min; filtering out the fish tissues, putting into 3 times of water again, heating to 40 ℃, and ultrasonically cleaning for 30 min; the fish tissue is filtered off and the wash is completed.
And ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic cleaning is 30 KHz.
The fish tissue is waste material from fish culturing farm or fish product processing factory, including fish head, fish scale, fish skin, fish steak, fish bone, and fish viscera.
And cleaning, namely fully cleaning the fish tissues and removing dirt and salt on the surfaces.
Freeze-drying, namely, putting the washed fish tissues in an environment of-25 ℃ and freezing for 10 hours; then, when the temperature is reduced to-60 ℃, vacuumizing to-0.04 MPa, and carrying out sublimation drying for 1 h; then heating to 30 ℃, vacuumizing to-0.02 MPa, and keeping the negative pressure for 3 h; and (5) releasing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.1s, and completing the freeze-drying step.
And grinding the fish tissues prepared after freeze-drying into 50-mesh particles under the condition of 800 RPM.
The hydrolysis step, namely putting the pretreated fish tissue particles into 10 times of phosphate buffer solution, putting a predetermined part of compound enzyme, heating to 40 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation hydrolysis for 10 hours; after hydrolysis is complete, the enzyme is deactivated and the solid is filtered off, the filtrate being retained.
The compound enzyme agent is chymotrypsin and papain; the chymotrypsin is: the weight ratio of the papain is 2: 1.
The adding amount of the compound enzyme agent is 1wt% of the weight of the fish tissue particles.
The concentration of the phosphate buffer solution is 0.05 mol/L.
And concentrating the filtrate obtained in the hydrolysis step under the conditions that the pressure is-0.08 MPa and the temperature is 55 ℃ until the volume of the filtrate is 30 percent.
And neutralizing the concentrated hydrolysis filtrate by using 0.15mol/L KOH solution until the concentrated hydrolysis filtrate is neutral, and standing for 20 min.
The compounding comprises complex preparation, fermentation liquor preparation, material mixing and fertilizer preparation.
The preparation of the composite body comprises molding and crushing.
The molding is carried out, sodium alginate solution with the volume of 0.7 time is added into the neutralized filtrate, the temperature is raised to 30 ℃, and the mixture is stirred for 20min at 300 RPM; then adding predetermined parts of calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, sodium humate and gluconolactone, and stirring at 500RPM for 1 h; then putting the mixture into an environment with the temperature of-35 ℃ and freezing the mixture for 12 hours; cooling to-70 deg.C, and freeze drying for 12 hr to obtain the final product.
The concentration of the sodium alginate solution is 5 percent.
The potassium pyrophosphate has the purity of 92%.
The content of the sodium humate in water-soluble humic acid (dry basis) is 78%, the content of water-insoluble substances (dry basis) is 5.1%, and the content of Fe is 0.19%.
The addition amounts of the calcium nitrate, the magnesium sulfate, the zinc sulfate, the monopotassium phosphate and the sodium humate are all 1% of the weight of the filtrate.
The adding amount of the potassium pyrophosphate is 0.5 percent of the weight of the filtrate.
The addition amount of the glucolactone is 0.3 percent of the weight of the filtrate.
And (3) crushing, and grinding the complex into 100 meshes to prepare complex particles.
Preparing the fermentation liquor, namely putting the solid matter filtered in the hydrolysis step into deionized water with the volume 7 times that of the solid matter, and then adding glucose, urea and KH2PO4Mixing uniformly; adding lactobacillus acidophilus, pichia pastoris and bacillus mucilaginosus in a predetermined part, stirring at 50RPM for 1h, and standing and fermenting for 3 days; filtering out the residual solid to obtain the fermentation liquor.
The solid matter: glucose: urea: KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4The weight ratio of (1) to (2) is 30:5:3: 3.
The addition amount of lactobacillus acidophilus, pichia pastoris and bacillus mucilaginosus is 2 wt%.
The concentration ratio of the lactobacillus acidophilus to the pichia pastoris to the bacillus mucilaginosus is 3:1: 2.
And mixing the materials, namely mixing the complex particles, fermentation liquor, urea, copper nitrate, ammonium molybdate, sodium tetraborate, compound gum and mannan to prepare the water-soluble fertilizer as required.
The water-soluble fertilizer can be prepared into powder fertilizer by spray drying according to the requirement; can be spraying granulation to prepare granular fertilizer; can be directly used as liquid fertilizer; and other conventional forms of fertilizers made on demand, not limited to the foregoing methods.
The weight ratio of the complex particles to the fermentation liquor to the urea to the copper nitrate to the ammonium molybdate to the sodium tetraborate to the complex gum to the mannan is 50:10:10:3:5:1:5: 2.
The composite gum is prepared by adopting pullulanase to control the content of polysaccharide side chain galactose of guar gum within the range of 22-25%, and then uniformly mixing with xanthan gum in 2 times of weight portion.
Through detection, compared with the existing water-soluble fertilizer, the application amount of the water-soluble fertilizer prepared by using the fish protein hydrolysate is reduced by 10%; after the fertilizer is applied for one year, the water content of the soil is improved by about 9 percent, and the porosity of the soil is improved by about 10 percent; when the method is applied to tomato planting, the tomato yield is improved by about 12.5%; the VC content in the tomatoes is improved by about 10.1 percent; the length of the main root of the tomato is 5.9 cm.
Example 2
A method for preparing a water-soluble fertilizer by using fish protein hydrolysate, which comprises the following steps: pretreatment, hydrolysis, concentration, neutralization and compounding.
And the pretreatment comprises cleaning, freeze-drying and grinding.
The cleaning comprises the steps of putting fresh fish tissues into water with the volume 4 times that of the fish tissues, heating to 35 ℃, and ultrasonically cleaning for 30 min; filtering out the fish tissues, putting into 6 times of water again, heating to 50 ℃, and ultrasonically cleaning for 40 min; the fish tissue is filtered off and the wash is completed.
And ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic cleaning is 35 KHz.
The fish tissue is waste material from fish culturing farm or fish product processing factory, including fish head, fish scale, fish skin, fish steak, fish bone, and fish viscera.
And cleaning, namely fully cleaning the fish tissues and removing dirt and salt on the surfaces.
Freeze-drying, namely, putting the washed fish tissues in an environment of-30 ℃ and freezing for 12 hours; then, when the temperature is reduced to-65 ℃, vacuumizing to-0.05 MPa, and carrying out sublimation drying for 2 h; then heating to 35 ℃, vacuumizing to-0.02 MPa, and keeping the negative pressure for 4 h; and (5) releasing the pressure to normal pressure within 0.1s, and completing the freeze-drying step.
And grinding the fish tissues prepared after freeze-drying into 50-mesh particles under the condition of 1000 RPM.
The hydrolysis step, namely putting the pretreated fish tissue particles into 15 times of phosphate buffer solution, putting a predetermined part of compound enzyme, heating to 45 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation hydrolysis for 12 hours; after hydrolysis is complete, the enzyme is deactivated and the solid is filtered off, the filtrate being retained.
The compound enzyme agent is chymotrypsin and papain; the chymotrypsin is: the weight ratio of the papain is 2: 1.
The adding amount of the compound enzyme agent is 3wt% of the weight of the fish tissue particles.
The concentration of the phosphate buffer solution is 0.06 mol/L.
And concentrating the filtrate obtained in the hydrolysis step under the conditions that the pressure is-0.08 MPa and the temperature is 60 ℃ until the volume of the filtrate is 40 percent.
And neutralizing the concentrated hydrolysis filtrate by using 0.2mol/L KOH solution until the concentrated hydrolysis filtrate is neutral, and standing for 20 min.
The compounding comprises complex preparation, fermentation liquor preparation, material mixing and fertilizer preparation.
The preparation of the composite body comprises molding and crushing.
The molding is carried out, sodium alginate solution with the volume of 1.2 times of the neutralized filtrate is added, the temperature is raised to 40 ℃, and the mixture is stirred for 30min at 400 RPM; then adding the calcium nitrate, the magnesium sulfate, the zinc sulfate, the monopotassium phosphate, the potassium pyrophosphate, the sodium humate and the gluconolactone in a preset part, and stirring at 600RPM for 1.2 h; then putting the mixture into an environment with the temperature of-35 ℃ and freezing the mixture for 12 hours; cooling to-70 deg.C, and freeze drying for 12 hr to obtain the final product.
The concentration of the sodium alginate solution is 7 percent.
The potassium pyrophosphate has the purity of 92%.
The content of the sodium humate in water-soluble humic acid (dry basis) is 78%, the content of water-insoluble substances (dry basis) is 5.1%, and the content of Fe is 0.19%.
The addition amounts of the calcium nitrate, the magnesium sulfate, the zinc sulfate, the monopotassium phosphate and the sodium humate are all 1.2 percent of the weight of the filtrate.
The adding amount of the potassium pyrophosphate is 0.5 percent of the weight of the filtrate.
The addition amount of the glucolactone is 0.3 percent of the weight of the filtrate.
And (3) crushing, and grinding the complex into 200 meshes to prepare complex particles.
Preparing the fermentation liquor, namely putting the solid matter filtered in the hydrolysis step into deionized water with the volume 8 times that of the solid matter, and then adding glucose, urea and KH2PO4Mixing uniformly; adding lactobacillus acidophilus, pichia pastoris and bacillus mucilaginosus in a predetermined part, stirring at 70RPM for 2h, and standing and fermenting for 5 days; filtering out the residual solid to obtain the fermentation liquor.
The solid matter: glucose: urea: KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4The weight ratio of (1) to (2) is 30:5:3: 3.
The addition amount of lactobacillus acidophilus, pichia pastoris and bacillus mucilaginosus is 2 wt%.
The concentration ratio of the lactobacillus acidophilus to the pichia pastoris to the bacillus mucilaginosus is 3:1: 2.
And mixing the materials, namely mixing the complex particles, fermentation liquor, urea, copper nitrate, ammonium molybdate, sodium tetraborate, compound gum and mannan to prepare the water-soluble fertilizer as required.
The water-soluble fertilizer can be prepared into powder fertilizer by spray drying according to the requirement; can be spraying granulation to prepare granular fertilizer; can be directly used as liquid fertilizer; and other conventional forms of fertilizers made on demand, not limited to the foregoing methods.
The weight ratio of the complex particles to the fermentation liquor to the urea to the copper nitrate to the ammonium molybdate to the sodium tetraborate to the complex gum to the mannan is 60:20:10:1:3:1:4: 2.
The composite gum is prepared by adopting pullulanase to control the content of polysaccharide side chain galactose of guar gum within the range of 22-25%, and then uniformly mixing with xanthan gum in 2 times of weight portion.
Through detection, compared with the existing water-soluble fertilizer, the application amount of the water-soluble fertilizer prepared by using the fish protein hydrolysate is reduced by 13%; after the fertilizer is applied for one year, the water content of the soil is improved by about 12 percent, and the porosity of the soil is improved by about 14 percent; when the method is applied to tomato planting, the tomato yield is improved by about 17 percent; the VC content in the tomatoes is improved by about 12.9 percent; the length of the main root of the tomato is 7.3 cm.
Comparative example 1
The technical scheme of the embodiment 2 is adopted, and the difference is that:
1. and (3) deleting the steps of freeze drying and grinding in the step of pretreatment, putting the fish tissue after the step of cleaning into water with the volume of 1.5 times, heating to 90 ℃, preserving the heat for 1-2h, and then performing the step of hydrolysis.
2. The step of "preparation of fermentation broth" is eliminated and in the step of "mixing" no "fermentation broth" is added.
Tests prove that in the process of hydrolyzing and extracting the fish materials, the comparative example has insufficient hydrolysis and cannot fully utilize the nutrient substances in the fish materials; meanwhile, hydrolysis excess materials are easy to deposit in production equipment and not easy to clean, and the efficiency of the production equipment is reduced due to long-time operation.
Through tests, compared with the existing water-soluble fertilizer, the application amount of the water-soluble fertilizer prepared by using the fish protein hydrolysate is not obviously reduced; after the fertilizer is applied for one year, the water content of the soil is improved by about 5 percent, and the porosity of the soil is improved by about 7 percent; when the method is applied to tomato planting, the tomato yield is improved by about 5.1%; the VC content in the tomatoes is improved by about 3.2 percent; the length of the main root of the tomato is 4.8 cm.
All percentages used in the present invention are mass percentages unless otherwise indicated.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a water-soluble fertilizer by using fish protein hydrolysate, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: pretreating, hydrolyzing, concentrating, neutralizing and compounding;
the pretreatment comprises cleaning, freeze-drying and grinding;
freeze-drying, namely, freezing the cleaned fish tissue for 10-16 hours in an environment of-35 to-25 ℃; then, cooling to-70 to-60 ℃, vacuumizing to-0.05 to-0.04 MPa, and carrying out sublimation drying for 1 to 2 hours; then heating to 30-40 ℃, vacuumizing to-0.02 MPa, and keeping the negative pressure for 3-5 h; releasing pressure to normal pressure within 0.1s to complete the freeze-drying step;
and grinding, namely grinding the freeze-dried fish tissue into particles of 20-50 meshes under the condition of 800-1000 RPM.
2. The method for preparing the water-soluble fertilizer by using the fish protein hydrolysate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrolysis comprises the steps of putting the pretreated fish tissue particles into 10-15 times of phosphate buffer solution, putting a predetermined part of compound enzyme, heating to 40-50 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation hydrolysis for 10-12 hours; after the hydrolysis is finished, inactivating enzyme and filtering out solid matters, and keeping filtrate;
the compound enzyme agent is chymotrypsin and papain;
the chymotrypsin is: the weight ratio of the papain is 2: 1.
3. The method for preparing water-soluble fertilizer by using fish protein hydrolysate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrolysis comprises hydrolyzing the pretreated fish tissue particles by using compound enzyme;
the adding amount of the compound enzyme agent is 1-3wt% of the weight of the fish tissue particles.
4. The method for preparing the water soluble fertilizer by using the fish protein hydrolysate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration is performed under the conditions that the pressure is-0.09 to-0.08 MPa and the temperature is 55 to 65 ℃, and the filtrate obtained in the hydrolysis step is concentrated to 30 to 40 percent of the original volume of the filtrate;
and neutralizing the concentrated hydrolysis filtrate by using 0.15-0.25mol/L KOH solution until the concentrated hydrolysis filtrate is neutral, and standing for 20-30 min.
5. The method for preparing the water-soluble fertilizer by using the fish protein hydrolysate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compounding comprises preparing a complex, preparing fermentation liquor, mixing the materials and preparing the fertilizer;
preparing the complex, including molding and crushing;
the molding is carried out, sodium alginate solution with 0.7-1.2 times of volume is added into the neutralized filtrate, the temperature is raised to 30-40 ℃, and the mixture is stirred for 20-30min at 300-400 RPM; then adding predetermined parts of calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, sodium humate and gluconolactone, and stirring at 500-600RPM for 1-1.2 h; then putting the mixture into an environment with the temperature of-35 ℃ and freezing the mixture for 12 hours; cooling to-70 deg.C, and freeze drying for 12 hr to obtain the final product.
6. The method for preparing the water soluble fertilizer by using the fish protein hydrolysate as claimed in claim 5, wherein the concentration of the sodium alginate solution is 5-7%;
the purity of the potassium pyrophosphate is more than 90 percent;
the content of the sodium humate in water-soluble humic acid (dry basis) is more than or equal to 75 percent, the content of water-insoluble substances (dry basis) is less than or equal to 8 percent, and the content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.35 percent.
7. The method for preparing water soluble fertilizer from fish protein hydrolysate as claimed in claim 5, wherein the fermentation liquid is prepared by adding the solid obtained by filtering in the hydrolysis step to the fermentation liquidAdding 7-10 times volume of deionized water, and adding glucose, urea and KH2PO4Mixing uniformly; adding lactobacillus acidophilus, pichia pastoris and bacillus mucilaginosus in a predetermined part, stirring at 50-70RPM for 1-2h, and standing and fermenting for 3-5 days; filtering out the residual solid to prepare fermentation liquor;
the solid matter: glucose: urea: KH (Perkin Elmer)2PO4The weight ratio of (1) is 30:5:3: 3;
the addition amount of lactobacillus acidophilus, pichia pastoris and bacillus mucilaginosus is 2 wt%.
8. The method for preparing the water-soluble fertilizer by using the fish protein hydrolysate as claimed in claim 5, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing the complex particles, the fermentation liquor, urea, copper nitrate, ammonium molybdate, sodium tetraborate, compound gum and mannan in predetermined parts.
9. The method for preparing water-soluble fertilizer by using fish protein hydrolysate as claimed in claim 8, wherein the weight ratio of the complex particles, the fermentation broth, the urea, the cupric nitrate, the ammonium molybdate, the sodium tetraborate, the complex gum and the mannan is 50-60:10-20:5-10:1-3:2-5:0.5-1:3-5: 1-2.
10. The method for preparing water-soluble fertilizer by using fish protein hydrolysate as claimed in claim 8, wherein the composite gum is prepared by controlling the content of polysaccharide side chain galactose of guar gum within 22-25% by using pullulanase and then uniformly mixing with 2 times of xanthan gum by weight.
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| CN112500232A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-03-16 | 东北农业大学 | Fish protein leaf surface bio-organic fertilizer and application thereof |
| CN113831201A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-12-24 | 浙大宁波理工学院 | Method for producing organic matter-containing foliar fertilizer by using fish meal squeezed liquid |
| CN114196720A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-18 | 淄博锦源生物科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of special peptone for fermentation production of pullulan and product thereof |
| CN114230381A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-03-25 | 韩德新 | Asterina pectinifera/echinocandin hydrolysate, water-soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN114349560A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-15 | 韩德新 | Sea snake tail hydrolysate, water-soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN115160071A (en) * | 2022-09-07 | 2022-10-11 | 山东嘉禾海洋生物科技有限公司 | Fish protein liquid fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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