A kind of chitosan coated alga bioorganic fertilizer and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer and preparation method thereof, specifically, relate to a kind of chitosan coated alga bioorganic fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Marine alga is the low spore plant such as grade that is grown in the ocean, because its special growing environment, nutritive ingredient and terrestrial plant exist very large different, contain the incomparable abundant mineral element of general terrestrial plant and VITAMIN etc. in the marine alga, seaweed fertilizer has been used as important liquid level spray in recent years, is applied to a lot of crops, comprises a lot of careless classes, cereal, flowers and vegetable variety are all obtained the preferably effect such as disease-resistant yield-increasing, synergy.Seaweed fertilizer derives from the synergy of 4 kinds of essential substance in the marine alga for the positively effect of crop yield and quality and health: carrageenin, plant hormone, amino acid and mineral substance, and carbohydrate.Carrageenin is as a kind of natural promoter, promote crop to the absorption of other nutritive ingredients by absorption and osmosis, amino acid and mineral substance can promote the stalwartness of the synthetic and plant tissue organ of protein, glucide in the marine alga is actually some polysaccharide (such as Lalgine), make a large amount of positively charged ion nutritive substances as a kind of natural sequestrant, such as copper, manganese, magnesium, calcium also has iron absorbed by cropsly to utilize, polysaccharide is also as a kind of inductor, the formation of stimulating growth Auto-regulator (polyamines) and natural antibiotics (Genes For Plant Tolerance mycin), by plant hormone and other compositions, synergy such as Sargassum polysaccharides, the ability that plant is resisted disease and pest has also obtained reinforcement, promoted the healthy growth of crop, in addition, marine alga is to the improved effect of soil also non-same common music, and the seaweed fertilizer that contains the materials such as Sargassum polysaccharides is natural soil redeposition.Use seaweed fertilizer in the soil, not only can the chelating soil heavy metal ion, pollution abatement, and can promote the formation of soil aggregate also can directly or indirectly increase the soil organism.And in soil, Lalgine is combined with metallic element, forms the cross-linked polymer of a kind of molecular weight multiplication, this polysalt in case and water molecules, just can control firmly water molecules.Compare with common fertilizer, seaweed fertilizer has more efficiently, easily absorbs and eco-friendly characteristics.
About the research of seaweed fertilizer, mainly adopt the form of seaweed extracted liquor to prepare seaweed fertilizer in recent years, the mode of acquisition adopts the mode of chemical reagent lixiviate more, and the active substance loss is larger.And very few with the research of microbial fermentation mode acquisition seaweed organic fertilizer, more have no seaweed organic fertilizer is carried out the correlative study that coating is processed.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of chitosan coated alga bioorganic fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
In order to realize the object of the invention, a kind of chitosan coated alga bioorganic fertilizer of the present invention, its preparation method is:
The extraction of A marine alga physiologically active substance: a) get after the marine alga removal of impurities cleans, squeeze the fritter that broken frond is 1-5cm, preferred 3cm; B) add entry and carry out secondary cover bubble and process, c) with algae-residue with the acid solution processing that is hydrolyzed; D) with the centrifugal salinity that removes of hydrolyzed solution; E) will overlap the merging of bubble liquid and hydrolyzed solution, the concentrated marine alga physiologically active substance extracting solution that obtains; Wherein, secondary cover bubble is processed and is specially: the water that respectively adds 4~6 times of marine alga weight (preferred 5 times) in I pond and the II pond, first first marine alga is put into the I pond and soak 50~80min (preferred 60min), pulling control out changes over to after clean and soaks 50~80min (preferred 60min) in the II pond, immersion water in the I pond is poured out rear directly concentrated, then again added the water of marine alga weight 4~6 times (preferred 5 times) in the I pond; After from the II pond, pulling marine alga out, the second batch marine alga is put into the II pond soak 50~80min (preferred 60min), pull out to change over to behind the marine alga and soak 50~80min (preferred 60min) in the I pond, immersion water in the II pond is poured out rear concentrating, and in the II pond, again add the water of 4~6 times of marine alga weight (preferred 5 times); After from the I pond, pulling marine alga out, the 3rd batch of marine alga put into the I pond soak 50~80min (preferred 60min), pull out to continue to change in the II pond behind the marine alga and soak, so repeatedly, guarantee that namely every batch of marine alga soaks twice, merge above-mentioned concentrated solution and must overlap bubble liquid;
The preparation of B seaweed bio fertilizer: f) get the marine alga of proper amount of fresh and the algae-residue merging of steps A and mix thoroughly, stack retting rots, and smashes rear interpolation chicken manure, stalk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, mixes rear interpolation fermenting agent, carries out aerobic fermentation; G) add nitrogen phosphorus potassium, trace element and function yeast after the fermentation ends; H) with steps A in the seaweed extracted liquor that obtains merge lyophilize;
The preparation of C chitosan coated alga bioorganic fertilizer: the seaweed bio fertilizer that obtains among the step B is sprayed respectively chitosan and sodium alginate soln, make chitosan coated alga bioorganic fertilizer;
Wherein, described marine alga is one or more in sea-tangle, bulk kelp, bladder wrack, extra large capsule algae, Enteromorpha and the kelp;
Described fermenting agent is yeast, actinomycetes and bacterium;
Described acid solution is hydrochloric acid soln, and pH was 2.5~3.0 when selective hydrolysis was processed;
Described function yeast is one or more in subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus Licheniformis), bacillus megaterium (Bacillusmagaterium) and the jelly genus bacillus that is commercially available.
The preparation method of chitosan coated alga bioorganic fertilizer of the present invention comprises:
At first prepare seaweed extracted liquor, use fresh marine alga, remove impurity and exotic, rinse well, frond is squeezed, make frond broken; Add fresh water and overlap the bubble processing; Algae-residue is hydrolyzed with dilute acid soln; With hydrolyzed solution centrifugal remove behind the salinity for subsequent use; To overlap bubble liquid and hydrolyzed solution and merge to concentrate and obtain marine alga physiologically active substance extracting solution, filter residue is for subsequent use.
Next prepares the seaweed bio fertilizer, getting the marine alga of proper amount of fresh and algae-residue that previous step filters out merges and mixes thoroughly, stack retting rots, smash subsequently, evenly add chicken manure, stalk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, mix rear interpolation fermenting agent, stir aerobe fermentation, add nitrogen phosphorus potassium, trace element and function yeast, seaweed extracted liquor and seaweed bio fertilizer that previous step is obtained merge, and carry out drying.
The seaweed bio fertilizer that previous step is obtained places coater, sprays respectively chitosan and sodium alginate soln, makes chitosan coated alga bioorganic fertilizer.
Wherein, described marine alga is one or more in sea-tangle, bulk kelp, bladder wrack, extra large capsule algae, Enteromorpha and the kelp;
Described fermenting agent is yeast, actinomycetes and bacterium;
Described acid solution is hydrochloric acid soln, and pH was 2.5~3.0 when selective hydrolysis was processed;
Described function yeast is one or more in subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus Licheniformis), bacillus megaterium (Bacillus magaterium) and the jelly genus bacillus.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect:
(1) contains several physiological active substances in the chitosan coated alga bioorganic fertilizer provided by the invention, and the effect of slow-release or control-release fertilizer is arranged, have disease-resistant yield-increasing, many advantages such as native, nuisanceless of living.
(2) the present invention has adopted the broken method that combines with chemical treatment technology of efficient physical to extract marine alga marine alga physiologically active substance and nutritive substance, and adopted secondary cover bubble technique, at utmost kept each Plant growth-promoting effect agent and multiple nutritional components in the bright marine alga.
(3) be added with bacteria group among the present invention, adopt the mode of aerobic fermentation to obtain seaweed organic fertilizer, and add nitrogen phosphorus potassium and an amount of trace element, comprehensive nutrition.
(4) the present invention adopts chitosan coated mode to prepare the seaweed bio fertilizer, and coated fertilizer is nontoxic, stable, inexpensive and the source is abundant, belong to environment-friendly material, and controlled-release effect is good.
(5) raw material of the present invention is cheap and easy to get, and preparation technology is simple, and production efficiency is high, and cost is low, and environmental pollution is few.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the preparation flow figure of marine alga physiologically active substance extracting solution of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the preparation flow figure of chitosan coated alga bioorganic fertilizer of the present invention.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for explanation the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.If do not specialize, the conventional means that used technique means is well known to those skilled in the art among the embodiment, the raw materials used commercial goods that is.The percentage sign that relates among the embodiment " % " if do not specify, refers to mass percent.
Embodiment 1
It at first is the preparation of marine alga physiologically active substance extracting solution, be specially: foreign material are removed in the sea-tangle flushing that gathers, be divided into many parts, every part of 1000kg, the broken fritter that is about 3cm of squeezing machine squeezing, the I pond, the II pond respectively adds 5000kg fresh water, (time is too short, is not enough to soak out active substance, and the time is oversize first sea-tangle to be soaked 60min in the I pond, increased the water-absorbent of sea-tangle, and then increased the rate of recovery of active substance, the leaching yield of 60min can reach 85%, can reach 94%), leach the immersion water in I pond concentrated, change the II pond over to after the sea-tangle control is clean, submergence 60min pulls sea-tangle out and carries out next step fermentation again, the I pond adds new water, the II pond replenishes sufficient fresh water, and the next batch sea-tangle is soaked first 60min in the II pond, change I pond 60min over to again, so repeatedly, leach liquor is concentrated; With the sea-tangle 60 ℃ of hydrolysis 6h under the condition of pH value 2.5 (adjusting with hydrochloric acid) that soaked, centrifugal 5min under the hydrolyzed solution 4000rpm/min, get supernatant liquor and merge with cover bubble liquid, till the faint yellow slightly sticky shape, namely obtain marine alga physiologically active substance extracting solution 50 ℃ of evaporation concentration.Preparation flow as shown in Figure 1.
Next prepares the preparation of seaweed bio fertilizer, specifically taking by weighing the filter residue merging of filtering in the fresh sea-tangle of 500kg and the above-mentioned steps mixes thoroughly, stack retting rots, smash subsequently, evenly add 100kg chicken manure, 100kg stalk, 100kg Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, mix rear interpolation fermenting agent, contain bacterium, yeast and the actinomycetes (about 50 * 10 of balanced mix
8Individual viable bacteria/gram microbial inoculum), addition is 5% of filter residue quality, stirs, and aerobic fermentation 40 days adds nitrogen phosphorus potassium, trace element and function yeast, and nitrogen phosphorus potassium addition is 5% of filter residue quality; The trace element (boron, iron, copper) addition>1%, and the addition of single-element must not<0.2%; Function yeast is added Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus Licheniformis) and subtilis (Bacillussubtilis), addition is 2kg/ ton filter residue, but the addition evenly distribute of two kinds of bacterium, but the living bacteria count of wanting the assurance function bacterium is not less than 200,000,000/g fertilizer, merges the seaweed extracted liquor in the previous step and carries out drying.
The 3rd step was the preparation of chitosan coated alga bioorganic fertilizer, be specially the seaweed bio fertilizer that to obtain in the previous step, get in a certain amount of BY-300 of the being invested in type coater, 30 ℃ of the pot bodies of adjusting coater, rotating speed 1300/rmin, the preheating several minutes, then the seaweed bio fertilizer in the pot body is sprayed respectively chitosan and sodium alginate soln, spray first 5% chitosan (being prepared at 5: 1 in mass ratio by the chitosan of molecular weight 300,000 and the chitosan of molecular weight 2000), spray again 4% sodium alginate soln, notice that the used coating liquid quality of per unit weight must not be greater than 25%, whole process keeps passing to hot blast in pot, to remove the moisture on seaweed bio fertilizer surface.Preparation flow as shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 2
It at first is the preparation of marine alga physiologically active substance extracting solution, be specially: foreign material are removed in the Enteromorpha flushing that gathers, take by weighing many parts, every part of 1000kg, the broken fritter that is about 3cm of squeezing machine squeezing, the I pond, the II pond respectively adds 5000kg fresh water, first Enteromorpha is soaked 80min in the I pond, (according to the physical property of marine alga, but the soak time proper extension is to 80min) soak solution leaches concentrated, in the I pond, add again 5000kg fresh water, change the II pond over to after the sea-tangle control is clean, again submergence 80min, the II pond replenishes sufficient fresh water, exchange I pond, the function in II pond, so repeatedly, leach liquor is concentrated for subsequent use; With the Enteromorpha 60 ℃ of hydrolysis 6h under the condition of pH value 3.0 (adjusting with hydrochloric acid) that soaked, centrifugal 5min under the hydrolyzed solution 4000rpm/min, get supernatant liquor and merge with cover bubble liquid, till the faint yellow slightly sticky shape, namely obtain marine alga physiologically active substance extracting solution 50 ℃ of evaporation concentration.Preparation flow as shown in Figure 1.
Next prepares the preparation of seaweed bio fertilizer, be specially and get the filter residue that filters in the fresh Enteromorpha of 500kg and the above-mentioned steps and merge and mix thoroughly, stack retting rots, smash subsequently, evenly add 100kg chicken manure, 100kg stalk, 100kg Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, mix rear interpolation fermenting agent, contain bacterium, yeast and the actinomycetes (about 50 * 10 of balanced mix
8Individual viable bacteria/gram microbial inoculum), addition is 5% of filter residue quality, stirs, and aerobic fermentation 40 days adds nitrogen phosphorus potassium, trace element and function yeast, and nitrogen phosphorus potassium addition is 5% of filter residue quality; The trace element (boron, iron, copper) addition>1%, and the addition of single-element must not<0.2%; Function yeast is added bacillus megaterium (Bacillus magaterium) and subtilis (Bacillussubtilis), addition is 2kg/ ton filter residue, but the addition evenly distribute of two kinds of bacterium, but the living bacteria count of wanting the assurance function bacterium is not less than 200,000,000/g fertilizer, merges the seaweed extracted liquor in the previous step and carries out drying.
The 3rd step was the preparation of chitosan coated alga bioorganic fertilizer, be specially the seaweed bio fertilizer that to obtain in the previous step, getting certain amount is put in the BY-300 type coater, 30 ℃ of the pot bodies of adjusting coater, rotating speed 1300/rmin, the preheating several minutes, then the seaweed bio fertilizer in the pot body is sprayed respectively chitosan and sodium alginate soln, spray first 5% chitosan (being prepared at 5: 1 in mass ratio by the chitosan of molecular weight 300,000 and the chitosan of molecular weight 2000), spray again 4% sodium alginate soln, notice that the used coating liquid quality of per unit weight must not be greater than 25%, whole process keeps passing to hot blast in pot, to remove the moisture on seaweed bio fertilizer surface.Preparation flow as shown in Figure 2.
A kind of chitosan coated alga bioorganic fertilizer provided by the invention and preparation method thereof.It has adopted the broken method that combines with chemical treatment technology of efficient physical to extract marine alga physiologically active substance and nutritive substance, and adopted secondary to overlap bubble technique, make marine alga physiologically active substance extracting solution, can keep to greatest extent effective active composition and nutritive substance in the marine alga; Algae-residue is adopted special biochemical process, add the Multifunctional fermentation bacterial classification with synergism, mainly contain yeast, actinomycetes and bacterium beneficial microorganism, produce seaweed organic fertilizer in the mode of aerobic fermentation; Merge Seaweed Extract and seaweed organic fertilizer, drying; A certain amount of seaweed bio fertilizer is put in the coater, sprays respectively chitosan and sodium alginate soln, make chitosan coated alga bioorganic fertilizer.This product can improve crop to reaching the utilization ratio of nutrient in the soil in the fertilizer, increase persistence and the validity of effective constituent, also can increase the ventilative and coalescent ability of soil, obviously promote the formation of soil aggregate, and can slowly discharge nutrient, satisfy the demand of different growth phase plants, the aspects such as the raising of maturation, output and the quality of farm crop and opposing disease and pest have all been produced significant active effect.And be different from chemical fertilizer, seaweed organic fertilizer is easy to biological degradation, and is pollution-free, to human, animal and birds without harm.
Application examples 1
7000 mu of western muskmelons are the planting base take the somewhere, fertilizer is selected the chitosan coated alga bioorganic fertilizer (experimental group) of preparation in compound organic and inorganic fertilizer (control group) and the embodiment of the invention 1, the compound organic and inorganic fertilizer consumption is 100kg/ mu, the Rate of Organic Fertilizer of embodiment 1 is 70kg/ mu, the result shows: experimental group contrast group mu fertilising joint props up 100 yuan, more than the mu volume increase 200kg, the mu cutting down expenditures and increasing income is more than 1200 yuan.
Application examples 2
8 mu of orchards are the apple cultivation base take the somewhere, fertilizer is selected the chitosan coated alga bioorganic fertilizer (experimental group) of preparation in compound organic and inorganic fertilizer (control group) and the embodiment of the invention 2, the compound organic and inorganic fertilizer consumption is 100kg/ mu, the Rate of Organic Fertilizer of embodiment 2 is 70kg/ mu, imposes the low-phosphorous high K composite fertilizer 30-40kg/ mu of high nitrogen 3-4 month in next year.The result shows: experimental group contrast group mu fertilising joint props up 150 yuan, and the fruit tree growing way is good, and apple quality is good, and fruit-setting rate is high, and output on average increases by 20%, and the per mu yield value is crossed ten thousand yuan.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.