CN115093279A - Special fertilizer for cucumber nanocarbon humic acid - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for cucumber nanocarbon humic acid Download PDFInfo
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- CN115093279A CN115093279A CN202210695208.4A CN202210695208A CN115093279A CN 115093279 A CN115093279 A CN 115093279A CN 202210695208 A CN202210695208 A CN 202210695208A CN 115093279 A CN115093279 A CN 115093279A
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- humic acid
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 244000299906 Cucumis sativus var. sativus Species 0.000 title 1
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 claims abstract 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229940112669 cuprous oxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920006264 polyurethane film Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000555281 Brevibacillus Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001515917 Chaetomium globosum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009495 sugar coating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 20
- 235000009849 Cucumis sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 241000234295 Musa Species 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282994 Cervidae Species 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003385 bacteriostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013400 design of experiment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/37—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with a polymer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/38—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with wax or resins
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a special fertilizer for cucumber nanocarbon humic acid, and relates to the technical field of special fertilizers for crops. A special fertilizer for cucumber nanocarbon humic acid comprises the following components: 15-30% of urea, 15-30% of calcium superphosphate, 9-18% of potassium sulfate, 11-15% of humic acid, 1-5% of biological bacterial fertilizer, 25-35% of seaweed fertilizer, 7-20% of coating material, 3-15% of waterproof material and 14-25% of composite nano carbon; the humic acid is obtained by composting pig manure, banana stems and eucalyptus bark, wherein the mass ratio of the pig manure to the banana stems to the eucalyptus bark is 15: 28: 7; the invention provides a special fertilizer for cucumber, which is based on a porous composite nano material and is sequentially covered with a copper ion antibacterial layer, a polyurethane waterproof layer, a mixed fertilizer layer and a chitosan coating on the surface of the fertilizer, wherein the mixed fertilizer layer selects the optimal nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio suitable for the growth and development of cucumber based on the characteristic of potassium preference of cucumber, promotes the absorption of potassium fertilizer through the synergistic action of humic acid and biological bacterial fertilizer, and can obviously improve the yield and quality of cucumber by fertilizing through the special fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of special fertilizers for crops, and particularly relates to a special fertilizer for cucumber nanocarbon humic acid.
Background
Most of cucumber planting and fertilizing methods continue to use a traditional fertilizing method, namely nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium three-element compound fertilizers with traditional proportioning are used, and the use of the fertilizers causes the lack of partial nutrients on one hand and the waste of other partial nutrients on the other hand; the cucumber is a potassium-loving crop, and particularly the supply amount of potassium fertilizer directly influences the yield and quality of the cucumber during flowering and fruiting periods of the cucumber; for the condition that the main nutrient content in the soil is nitrogen level, rich phosphorus and deficient potassium; the potash fertilizer is less, which often causes low yield and reduced quality, and particularly has short fruiting period, small fruit shape and low yield; the farmers can only supplement potassium by spraying or foliar spraying, which causes the increase of labor and fertilizer cost; meanwhile, the cucumber growth period can reach 9 months, the requirements for various nutrients in each growth stage of the cucumber are different, and the cucumber planting special fertilizer must be selected to be applied to obtain high yield, so that the requirement balance of the whole growth period of the cucumber for various nutrients is ensured, the fertilizer efficiency of the special fertilizer is fully exerted to the greatest extent, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the requirement of the cucumber for the fertilizer nutrients in the growth process is ensured.
The nano carbon material is formed by converting volatile matters of organisms or fossil raw materials during incomplete combustion or high-temperature pyrolysis, is a product in a gaseous process, has a large specific surface area, has a plurality of fine porous structures, and has strong adsorption capacity; graphene is a special carbon nanomaterial, and is gradually used as a carrier of fertilizer in the agricultural field because of its large specific surface area, good dispersibility and strong adsorption capacity.
Although the special fertilizer for the cucumbers in the prior art can realize the improvement of quality and yield by adjusting the proportion of each nutrient element, the special fertilizer has relatively high nutrient supply, and ignores the condition that diseases are easy to occur due to variable weather in the growth period of the cucumbers, so that even if the fertilizer effect of the special fertilizer is more prominent than that of a common fertilizer, the high yield and quality are obtained, the diseases caused by the weather cannot be effectively prevented and controlled, a certain degree of loss can be caused, and the quality and the yield are limited to be increased; the application of the compound nano carbon to the graphene is easily limited to the strong adsorption capacity of the compound nano carbon to fertilizer components, and the compound nano carbon formed by combining the graphene and the bacteriostatic material is not matched with the fertilizer components to form the multi-effect special fertilizer; therefore, the special fertilizer for the cucumber nanocarbon humic acid is prepared into the fertilizer particles based on the composite nanocarbon with the antibacterial effect and forming a multilayer structure, and the synergistic effect is achieved by combining the change of adjacent components in the normal state and in rainy days, so that the optimal nutrient can be provided according to the growth requirement of cucumber, and pathogenic bacteria can be timely eliminated at the time suitable for the propagation of the pathogenic bacteria, and the effect of improving the quality and the yield is further achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows:
(1) the special fertilizer in the prior art ignores the condition that diseases are easy to occur due to variable weather in the growth period of cucumbers, so that even if the fertilizer efficiency of the special fertilizer is more prominent compared with that of a common fertilizer, higher yield and quality are obtained, diseases caused by weather cannot be effectively prevented and controlled, certain loss is caused, and the quality and yield are limited to be increased.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a special fertilizer for cucumber nanocarbon humic acid comprises the following components: 15-30% of urea, 15-30% of calcium superphosphate, 9-18% of potassium sulfate, 11-15% of humic acid, 1-5% of biological bacterial fertilizer, 25-35% of seaweed fertilizer, 7-20% of coating material, 3-15% of waterproof material and 14-25% of composite nano carbon.
Preferably, the humic acid is obtained by composting pig manure, banana stems and eucalyptus bark, wherein the mass ratio of the pig manure to the banana stems to the eucalyptus bark is 15: 28: 7.
preferably, the biological bacterial fertilizer consists of chaetomium globosum and brevibacillus marinus, and the mass ratio of the brevibacillus marinus to the seaweed fertilizer is 1: 250.
preferably, the composite nano carbon is prepared by compounding graphene oxide and nano cuprous oxide.
Preferably, the coating material is chitosan and sodium alginate.
Preferably, the waterproof material is polyurethane.
A preparation method of a special fertilizer for cucumber nanocarbon humic acid comprises the following specific steps:
s1, preparing nano cuprous oxide and graphene oxide respectively, and compounding the nano cuprous oxide and the graphene oxide to form composite nano carbon;
s2, drying the composite nano carbon, and putting the dried composite nano carbon into a granulator for granulation to form an inner core body with the surface loaded with nano cuprous oxide;
s3, uniformly mixing urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and humic acid to obtain a first mixed fertilizer, then compounding the biological bacterial fertilizer and the seaweed fertilizer to obtain a second mixed fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the first mixed fertilizer and the second mixed fertilizer to obtain a third mixed fertilizer;
s4, spraying the outer part of the inner core body obtained in the S2 to form a polyurethane film, then coating a layer of adhesive on the outer part of the polyurethane film, dispersing the inner core body into the mixed fertilizer III obtained in the S3, fully stirring, and fully wrapping the outer surface of the polyurethane film of the inner core body with a uniform mixture to obtain a double-layer fertilizer core body;
s5, putting the double-layer fertilizer core into a sugar coating machine, and spraying chitosan and sodium alginate solution to form a chitosan coating on the surface of the double-layer fertilizer core.
Preferably, the specific steps for preparing the composite nanocarbon in S1 are as follows:
s101, mixing graphene oxide with 0.01M copper sulfate solution to enable copper ions to be fully adsorbed on the graphene oxide;
s102, adding 0.5M polyethylene glycol storage solution into the mixed solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
and S103, simultaneously adding 0.1M ascorbic acid and 0.5M sodium hydroxide solution into the mixed solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain the cubic nano cuprous oxide-loaded graphene oxide, namely the composite nanocarbon.
The beneficial effects of the invention comprise the following three points:
(1) the special fertilizer for the cucumbers is formed by taking a porous composite nano material as a base and sequentially covering a copper ion antibacterial layer, a polyurethane waterproof layer, a mixed fertilizer layer and a chitosan coating on the surface of the porous composite nano material, wherein the mixed fertilizer layer selects an optimal nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio suitable for the growth and development of the cucumbers based on the characteristic of potassium preference of the cucumbers, and promotes potassium fertilizer absorption through the synergistic action of humic acid and biological bacterial fertilizers.
(2) According to the invention, the fertilizer is prepared into a multilayer fertilizer body, in a normal state, nutrients in the mixed fertilizer layer permeate into soil through the chitosan coating, and the absorption of the cucumber on the potassium fertilizer can be remarkably promoted through humic acid formed by pig manure, banana stalks and eucalyptus bark compost and biological bacterial fertilizer formed by compounding the Brevibacillus sporotrichii oceanic and seaweed fertilizer; the chitosan coating can play a good slow release role, and can continuously and slowly release the fertilizer under normal conditions, thereby providing long-acting stable nutrients for the cucumbers.
(3) The composite nanocarbon inner core body formed by combining the graphene oxide and the cuprous oxide has the carrier performance of strong adsorption force and good dispersibility, and can enable the cubic nano cuprous oxide to be attached to the surface of the graphene oxide to form a copper ion antibacterial layer, the graphene oxide can delay the release speed of copper ions and play a slow release role, the cuprous oxide in the state has long antibacterial time and good antibacterial effect, and under the condition of high humidity in rainy days, after the polyurethane waterproof layer is gradually dissolved, copper ions decomposed by the cuprous oxide are gradually released to play an inhibiting role on pathogenic bacteria in propagation, so that the probability of diseases in the rainy days in the cucumber planting process is reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a special fertilizer for cucumber nanocarbon humic acid comprises the following components: 15-30% of urea, 15-30% of calcium superphosphate, 9-18% of potassium sulfate, 11-15% of humic acid, 1-5% of biological bacterial fertilizer, 25-35% of seaweed fertilizer, 7-20% of coating material, 3-15% of waterproof material and 14-25% of composite nano carbon;
the composite nano carbon is prepared by compounding graphene oxide and nano cuprous oxide;
the coating material is chitosan and sodium alginate;
the waterproof material is polyurethane;
the humic acid is obtained by composting pig manure, banana stems and eucalyptus bark, wherein the mass ratio of the pig manure to the banana stems to the eucalyptus bark is 15: 28: 7;
the biological bacterial fertilizer consists of chaetomium globosum and Brevibacillus marinus, wherein the mass ratio of the Brevibacillus marinus to the seaweed fertilizer is 1: 250 (c);
the preparation method of the special fertilizer for cucumber nanocarbon humic acid comprises the following specific steps:
s1, preparing nano cuprous oxide and graphene oxide respectively, and compounding the nano cuprous oxide and the graphene oxide to form composite nano carbon;
s2, drying the composite nano carbon, and putting the dried composite nano carbon into a granulator for granulation to form an inner core body with nano cuprous oxide loaded on the surface;
s3, uniformly mixing urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and humic acid to obtain a first mixed fertilizer, then compounding the biological bacterial fertilizer and the seaweed fertilizer to obtain a second mixed fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the first mixed fertilizer and the second mixed fertilizer to obtain a third mixed fertilizer;
s4, spraying the outer part of the inner core body obtained in the S2 to form a polyurethane film, then coating a layer of adhesive on the outer part of the polyurethane film, dispersing the inner core body into the mixed fertilizer III obtained in the S3, fully stirring, and fully wrapping the outer surface of the polyurethane film of the inner core body with a uniform mixture to obtain a double-layer fertilizer core body;
s5, putting the double-layer fertilizer core into a sugar coating machine, and spraying chitosan and sodium alginate solution to form a chitosan coating on the surface of the double-layer fertilizer core;
the special fertilizer for the cucumbers is formed by taking a porous composite nano material as a base and sequentially covering a copper ion bacteria inhibiting layer, a polyurethane waterproof layer, a mixed fertilizer layer and a chitosan coating on the surface of the special fertilizer, wherein the mixed fertilizer layer selects the optimal nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio suitable for the growth and development of the cucumbers based on the characteristic of potassium preference of the cucumbers, promotes potassium fertilizer absorption through the synergistic effect of humic acid and biological bacterial fertilizer, and can obviously improve the yield and the quality of the cucumbers by applying the special fertilizer;
further, by manufacturing the fertilizer into a multilayer fertilizer body, under a normal state, nutrients in the mixed fertilizer layer permeate into soil through the chitosan coating, and based on the existing research, the mixed fertilizer is prepared by mixing the components in a mass ratio of 15: 28: 7, humic acid formed by pig manure, banana stalks and eucalyptus bark composts, and a fertilizer prepared from the raw materials of, by mass, 1: 250 of the biological bacterial fertilizer formed by compounding the Brevibacillus marinus and the seaweed fertilizer can obviously promote the absorption of the potassium fertilizer by the cucumbers; the chitosan coating can play a good slow release role, and can continuously and slowly release the fertilizer under normal conditions, so that long-acting stable nutrients are provided for the cucumbers, and the yield and the quality of the cucumbers are obviously improved;
furthermore, as the temperature and humidity conditions in rainy days can cause mass propagation of pathogenic bacteria, the polyurethane waterproof layer has lower hydrolysis degree under the normalized humidity, and can prevent the cuprous oxide layer from decomposing copper ions, but the polyurethane waterproof layer is continuously hydrolyzed in rainy days and gradually loses the waterproof effect, so that an acid solution generated in soil can reach the surface of the composite nano carbon through the mixed fertilizer layer and the polyurethane waterproof layer to be contacted with the cuprous oxide layer, the cuprous oxide is decomposed to generate copper ions, and the copper ions released in the soil can play a role in high-efficiency sterilization effect, thereby providing guarantee for preventing and treating cucumber diseases in rainy days, and reducing the loss caused by the influence of the cucumber diseases on yield and quality because the propagation of the pathogenic bacteria is not inhibited;
in addition, the fertilizer particles of the invention have the advantages that the polyurethane waterproof layer is arranged between the copper ion antibacterial layer and the mixed fertilizer layer, so that the release of copper ions in a normal state can be avoided, and the copper ions can not cause soil pollution in the normal state; if the released copper ions need to be removed, a proper amount of soil remediation agent can be added before topdressing after rain, free copper ions are absorbed firstly, and then fertilization is carried out, so that the copper ions generated after rain are removed.
Example 2:
based on example 1, what is different again is:
the specific preparation steps of the composite nanocarbon selected for the special fertilizer for cucumber nanocarbon humic acid in preparation example 1 are as follows:
s101, mixing graphene oxide with 0.01M copper sulfate solution to enable copper ions to be fully adsorbed on the graphene oxide;
s102, adding 0.5M polyethylene glycol storage solution into the mixed solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
s103, simultaneously adding 0.1M ascorbic acid and 0.5M sodium hydroxide solution into the mixed solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain graphene oxide loaded with cubic nano cuprous oxide, namely composite nanocarbon;
according to the preparation method, graphene oxide and a copper sulfate solution are uniformly mixed, and a surfactant (polyethylene glycol), a reducing agent (ascorbic acid) and a sodium hydroxide solution are added to prepare the composite nano carbon with cuprous oxide uniformly dispersed on the graphene oxide, wherein the ascorbic acid and the sodium hydroxide can form cubic nano cuprous oxide when being added simultaneously, and the cuprous oxide in the state can be fully adsorbed on the surface of the graphene oxide and is not dissociated outside the graphene oxide; the inner core body formed by combining the graphene oxide and the cuprous oxide has strong adsorption capacity and good dispersibility, and can enable the cubic nano cuprous oxide to be attached to the surface of the graphene oxide to form a copper ion antibacterial layer, the graphene oxide can delay the release speed of the copper ions and play a role in slow release.
Example 3:
based on examples 1-2, a control test was performed on the special fertilizer for cucumber nanocarbon humic acid prepared in the invention and a conventional fertilizer to investigate the influence of the special fertilizer for cucumber nanocarbon humic acid on the quality and yield of cucumber, specifically as follows:
general description of the test
(1) The tested crop is cucumber, the cucumber variety is Zhongnong No. 26 respectively, the seeding is carried out in 18 days in 8 months, and the seedling pulling is carried out in 12 days in 11 months; the urea, the calcium superphosphate and the potassium sulfate in the fertilizer respectively contain N46 percent and P 2 O 5 12％、K2O 52％；
(2) Test site: a village of Dahe Zhen Hebei Gaozhuang in a deer spring area of Shijiazhuang city in Hebei province;
(3) soil type: brown soil; soil texture: loamy texture; the previous crop: cucumber; the soil nutrient conditions of the test field are as follows: soil volume weight 1.21g cm -3 pH 7.13, quick-acting potassium 234.81 mg/kg -1 314.8 mg/kg available phosphorus -1 40.39 mg/kg of nitrate nitrogen -1 Ammonium nitrogen 2.54 mg/kg -1 ；
(4) Design of experiments
The experiment is designed with 2 treatments and repeated for 4 times, and adopts a completely random block design, wherein the area of a cell is 5m multiplied by 6 m which is 30 square meters;
(5) and (3) test treatment:
treatment 1: conventional fertilizers; and (3) treatment 2: a special fertilizer for cucumber nanocarbon humic acid;
(6) the application method comprises the following steps: respectively using a conventional fertilizer and a special fertilizer for cucumber nanocarbon humic acid to fertilize soil at the beginning of cucumber sitting, repeating for 4 times at an interval of 10-15 days, respectively recording two groups of processed data related to cucumber quality, cucumber yield and nutrient content change in soil, and analyzing to obtain a result;
(II) results of the experiment
[ Experimental results relating to cucumber quality ] below
(1) Influence of different fertilization measures on plant height of cucumber in growth period
TABLE 1 influence of different fertilization measures on the plant height of cucumber in the growth period
And (3) analysis: compared with the conventional fertilizer application treatment, the special fertilizer for the nano carbon humic acid of the cucumber is adopted to promote the growth of cucumber plants, and the plant heights of the plants are respectively increased by 12.9 percent and 15.7 percent in 5 days in 9 months and 30 days in 9 months;
(2) influence of different fertilization measures on yield per mu in cucumber full-bearing period
TABLE 2 influence of different fertilization measures on yield per mu in cucumber full-bearing period
And (3) analysis: compared with the conventional fertilizer application treatment, the yield of the special fertilizer for the nano carbon humic acid of the cucumbers is improved by 13.9 percent in the cucumber full-growth period;
(3) influence of different fertilization measures on cucumber quality
TABLE 3 influence of different fertilization measures on cucumber quality
And (3) analysis: compared with the conventional fertilizer application treatment, the special fertilizer for the nano carbon humic acid of the cucumber is adopted, so that the soluble sugar content of the cucumber is increased by 35.5%, the soluble protein content is increased by 27.7%, and the vitamin C content is increased by 10%;
[ Experimental results relating to cucumber production ] below
(4) Influence of different fertilization measures on cucumber yield
TABLE 4 statistics of cell yields (yield units: kg) ]
And (3) analysis: compared with the conventional fertilizer for applying the special fertilizer for the cucumber nano carbon humic acid, the yield of the fertilizer for the cucumber is increased by 576.29kg per mu, and the yield is increased by 9.58%;
(5) the results of the plot yields were analyzed for variance as shown in Table 5
TABLE 5 analysis of variance table for random block design
And (3) analysis: calculated F value > F 0.01 (F 0.05 ) The yield difference between treatments is very significant;
(6) further, multiple comparisons were made by the PLSD method, and the results are shown in Table 6
[ TABLE 6 multiple comparison Table ]
Note: PLSD 0.05 ＝3.5，PLSD 0.01 ＝5.3
And (3) analysis: as can be seen from table 6, the yield difference of cucumber was extremely significant in treatment 2 compared to treatment 1;
and (4) conclusion: under the test conditions, the management measures are kept consistent, the yield of the special fertilizer for the cucumber nanocarbon humic acid prepared in the embodiment 1 is increased by 576.29kg per mu compared with the conventional fertilizing cucumber, the yield is increased by 9.58%, and the yield increasing effect is extremely obvious;
[ Experimental results related to nutrient content in soil in planting area ] are as follows
(7) Influence of different fertilization measures on soil quick-acting potassium
TABLE 7 influence of different fertilization measures on the rapid-acting potassium in soil
And (3) analysis: compared with the conventional fertilizer application treatment, the special fertilizer for the cucumber nanocarbon humic acid is adopted, so that the quick-acting potassium content of the soil is increased by 56.1%;
(8) influence of different fertilization measures on soil nitrate nitrogen
TABLE 8 influence of different fertilization measures on soil nitrate nitrogen
And (3) analysis: compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil is increased by 56.1% by adopting the special fertilizer for the nano carbon humic acid of the cucumbers;
(9) influence of different fertilization measures on soil ammonium nitrogen
TABLE 9 influence of different fertilization measures on the ammonium nitrogen in soil
And (3) analysis: compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the special fertilizer for the cucumber nanocarbon humic acid is adopted, so that the content of the soil ammonium nitrogen is improved by 39.3 percent;
(10) influence of different fertilization measures on available phosphorus in soil
TABLE 10 influence of different fertilization measures on the available phosphorus in soil
And (3) analysis: compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the special fertilizer for the nano carbon humic acid of the cucumbers is adopted, so that the effective phosphorus content of the soil is increased by 38.4 percent;
and (4) conclusion: compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the special fertilizer for the cucumber nanocarbon humic acid can improve the yield and the quality of cucumbers, regulate and control the conversion of the soil available nutrients, and improve the content of the soil available nutrients.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the equivalent replacement or change according to the technical solution and the modified concept of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A special fertilizer for cucumber nanocarbon humic acid is characterized in that: comprises the following components: 15-30% of urea, 15-30% of calcium superphosphate, 9-18% of potassium sulfate, 11-15% of humic acid, 1-5% of biological bacterial fertilizer, 25-35% of seaweed fertilizer, 7-20% of coating material, 3-15% of waterproof material and 14-25% of composite nano carbon.
2. The special fertilizer for cucumber nanocarbon humic acid according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the humic acid is obtained by composting pig manure, banana stems and eucalyptus bark, wherein the mass ratio of the pig manure to the banana stems to the eucalyptus bark is 15: 28: 7.
3. the special fertilizer for cucumber nanocarbon humic acid according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the biological bacterial fertilizer consists of chaetomium globosum and Brevibacillus marinus, wherein the mass ratio of the Brevibacillus marinus to the seaweed fertilizer is 1: 250.
4. the special fertilizer for cucumber nanocarbon humic acid according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the composite nano carbon is prepared by compounding graphene oxide and nano cuprous oxide.
5. The special fertilizer for cucumber nanocarbon humic acid according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the coating material is chitosan and sodium alginate.
6. The special fertilizer for cucumber nanocarbon humic acid according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the waterproof material is polyurethane.
7. The preparation method of the special cucumber nanocarbon humic acid fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, preparing nano cuprous oxide and graphene oxide respectively, and compounding the nano cuprous oxide and the graphene oxide to form composite nano carbon;
s2, drying the composite nano carbon, and putting the dried composite nano carbon into a granulator for granulation to form an inner core body with nano cuprous oxide loaded on the surface;
s3, uniformly mixing urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and humic acid to obtain a first mixed fertilizer, then compounding the biological bacterial fertilizer and the seaweed fertilizer to obtain a second mixed fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the first mixed fertilizer and the second mixed fertilizer to obtain a third mixed fertilizer;
s4, spraying the outer part of the inner core body obtained in the S2 to form a polyurethane film, then coating a layer of adhesive on the outer part of the polyurethane film, dispersing the inner core body into the mixed fertilizer III obtained in the S3, fully stirring, and fully wrapping the outer surface of the polyurethane film of the inner core body with a uniform mixture to obtain a double-layer fertilizer core body;
and S5, putting the double-layer fertilizer core body into a sugar coating machine, and spraying chitosan and sodium alginate solution to form a chitosan coating on the surface of the double-layer fertilizer core body.
8. The preparation method of the special cucumber nanocarbon humic acid fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that: the specific steps for preparing the composite nanocarbon in S1 are as follows:
s101, mixing graphene oxide with 0.01M copper sulfate solution to enable copper ions to be fully adsorbed on the graphene oxide;
s102, adding 0.5M polyethylene glycol storage solution into the mixed solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
and S103, simultaneously adding 0.1M ascorbic acid and 0.5M sodium hydroxide solution into the mixed solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain the cubic nano cuprous oxide-loaded graphene oxide, namely the composite nanocarbon.
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