CN103396268A - Carbon base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemistry inhibitor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Carbon base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemistry inhibitor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The present invention discloses a carbon base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemistry inhibitor preparation method, which concretely comprises: preparing a nitrogen fertilizer biochemistry inhibitor such as a urease inhibitor or a nitrification inhibitor into an aqueous solution with a certain concentration, adding the obtained aqueous solution to a carbonaceous absorption agent, uniformly mixing, drying, grinding and screening with a sieve, wherein the used carbonaceous absorption agent has wide sources, and can be active carbon, biological carbon or black carbon, the inhibitor content in the resulting product is 0.4-33.3%, and the obtained product can be directly applied into the soil in the powder form during a nitrogen-containing fertilizer applying process or before or after applying of a nitrogen-containing fertilizer, and can further be mixed into a nitrogen-containing fertilizer after granulation or be adopted as a coating layer to be coated on the outer portion of a particulate nitrogen-containing fertilizer. According to the present invention, the solid-liquid mixing absorption method is applied to ensure absorb the inhibitor to the surface and the internal of the carbonaceous material to the maximal degree, such that a slow-release effect is excellent, and an inhibition effect on soil enzyme activity is long-lasting. In addition, the used carbonaceous material has the wide sources, the cost is low, and the carbon base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemistry inhibitor can be adopted as a carbon fixation manner to increase soil carbon sequestration and improve a soil environment, and is a veritable green fertilizer additive.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nitrogenous fertilizer biochemical restrainer, particularly a kind of preparation method based on adsorbing nitrogenous fertilizer biochemical restrainer, belong to the fertilizer additive field.
Background technology
Nitrogenous fertilizer especially ammonium fertilizer or amide nitrogen fertilizer (is mainly used with form of urea, after entering in soil, under the soil urease effect, be hydrolyzed to ammonium rapidly) be the fertilizer variety of requirement maximum in agriculture production, it is to improving crop yield, and the quality of improving agricultural-food plays an important role.But, the excess of fertilizer nitrogen and unreasonable using, cause present China utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer generally lower, the this season utilization ratio is only 30～35%, nitrogen loss rate in farmland is 30～50%, be about 900 ten thousand ton by the approach such as leaching, volatilization loss nitrogen every year, is worth approximately 40,000,000,000 yuan, and causes serious environmental pollution.
For the agronomy in the Fertilizer application process and environmental problem, through a large amount of research and experiments, many measures of reducing the loss were proposed once both at home and abroad, mainly contain physical package quilt, chemical modification and increase particle etc.These measures are through many effects that facts have proved certain minimizing fertilizer loss, but effect not bery desirable and extremely unstable.Reason is the physical property dissolving that these measures mainly are conceived to slow down fertilizer, does not consider the biochemical conversion of nitrogenous fertilizer.That is to say, slow down dissolving and can only delay the generation of biochemical reaction and postpone the time of loss and can not solve root problem.Therefore reduce fertilizer loss, should start with from controlling its soil biochemistry conversion process in essence.
Substantial connection in view of hydrolysis of urea process and nitrification process and nitrogen utilization and environment, conversion process from nitrogenous fertilizer soil is started with, by biochemical route, regulate and control the conversion of nitrogenous fertilizer, slow down the carrying out of hydrolysis of urea process and nitrifying process, can be described as the raising utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, alleviate one of gordian technique of nitrogenous fertilizer pollution.With by the physics and chemistry approach, realize the fertilizer modification and compare, because the inhibitor addition is little, production cost is relatively low, and can reduce rate of fertilizer application and fertilizer application frequency toward the method for adding biochemical restrainer in nitrogenous fertilizer, reduce labour intensity and fertilising cost, be easy to apply in big area is produced.Therefore the impact of stabile fertilizer on fertilizer market, the world of having added urase and nitrification inhibitor is growing.And along with the generally enhancing of global range environmental consciousness and the remarkable effect that is applied in the loss of minimizing nitrate leaching and discharged nitrous oxides aspect of inhibitor, the contribution that the contribution that is applied in the environment protection aspect of inhibitor is even produced world food greater than it.
At present, the production method of adding the stabile fertilizer of biochemical restrainer be mainly by all kinds of biochemical restrainers with the common granulation of formulation fertilizer containing nitrogen, or biochemical restrainer is applied to the formulation fertilizer containing nitrogen top layer.Because biochemical restrainer is organic compound,,, after same formulation fertilizer containing nitrogen is manured into soil simultaneously, there is following point in it:
1. for some time after containing the incorporation of fertilizerin the soil of biochemical restrainer, due to inhibitor, to the dissolving in soil moisture, in the soil solution, produce the high concentration region of biochemical restrainer.In the time of near this area with high mercury is positioned at crop root, biochemical restrainer stores in vivo after just can directly being absorbed by crop, to doing the deposits yields toxic action, even by food chain, is delivered in people's carcass harm food safety and HUMAN HEALTH.
2. the retarding effect of biochemical restrainer and its retain the stability height correlation in soil.In case inhibitor degraded under the effects such as soil microorganisms or illumination, its validity will obviously weaken, and even disappears.Therefore the compound as inhibitor should keep certain activity and stability within the regular hour.But the biochemical restrainer of widespread use in the market mostly is organic compound simple in structure, easily degraded, restraining effect limited duration.
3. in the production process of stabile fertilizer, the consumption of biochemical restrainer is atomic with respect to fertilizer quantity itself.In any case change the adding technology of biochemical restrainer, accomplish that micro-inhibitor mixes difficulty in fertilizer very big.
The physico-chemical property that carbonaceous material is good, for the problems referred to above provide the approach that solves.Carbonaceous material such as gac, charcoal and black wood charcoal are mainly to form with carbon, hydrogen, oxygen element, and its carbon content is generally up to 40～80%.Carbonaceous material has complicated multi-aromatic ring and non-aromatic ring structure, shows biological chemistry stability and the microorganism refractory organics of height, in soil, is difficult to be decomposed and utilize by microorganism.Because it has abundant pore texture and huge specific surface area, can close and hold and the multiple organic or inorganic material of surface adsorption effect sticking by hole.The chemical functional group of carbonaceous material ionizes the generation electric charge makes it have stronger ionic adsorption exchange capacity, can pass through electrostatic adhesion load polarity compound.In addition, its chemical functional group is comparatively active, as carboxyl, hydroxyl etc., also can adsorb specific material by chemical reaction.
By carbonaceous material and fertilizer, fertilizer synergist or soil improvement agent, mix to give its slow function existing research report at home and abroad.With difference of the present invention, be, most research or invention are mainly that soil improvement agent or fertilizer synergist and carbonaceous material are namely obtained to product after simple blending, effective constituent really is not adsorbed in the hole of carbonaceous material, and the slowly releasing effect after in being manured into soil is limited.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention proposes for the deficiency in above-mentioned existing biochemical restrainer and the synergistic agent production of charcoal base manure material and application process, is the preparation method of a kind of with low cost, slow release long-acting, simple charcoal base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemical restrainer.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that adopts: a kind of preparation method of charcoal base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemical restrainer, it is characterized in that, and comprise the following steps:
1) the nitrogenous fertilizer biochemical restrainer of 2～50 parts is dissolved in to the certain density aqueous solution that contains biochemical restrainer of preparation in the water of 40～100 ℃ of 100 parts;
2) this solution is joined in the carbon absorbent of 100～500 parts, mix, oven dry, pulverize, after sieving and get final product.
Described nitrogenous fertilizer biochemical restrainer is the mixture of urease inhibitor or nitrification inhibitor or urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor arbitrary proportion.Urease inhibitor is the water-soluble material with urease inhibiting effect that exists with solid form under quinhydrones, thiocarbamide, N-NBPT (NBPT), phenyl phosphinylidyne two ammoniums (PPD) or other normal temperature.Nitrification inhibitor is Dyhard RU 100 (DCD), 3, the water-soluble material with Nitrification Inhibition that exists with solid form under 4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt (DMPP) or other normal temperature.
Described carbon absorbent is gac, charcoal or black wood charcoal.Charcoal is that the application agricultural are elementary, secondary or transform residuum such as crop material, pericarp shell, rice chaff rice shell, bagasse, feces of livestock and poultry, fermentation residue etc. and be the raw material solid product that pyrolysis forms under anoxic and 200～700 ℃ of conditions.Black wood charcoal is the carbon particulate matter that the application fossil oil produces through incomplete combustion or pyrolytic decomposition, as coal, coke.
Described carbon absorbent and prepared long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemical restrainer all need to pulverize the particle for less than 40 orders (0.425mm).In charcoal base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemical restrainer, contain biochemical restrainer 0.4～33.3%.Charcoal base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemical restrainer directly is manured into soil with powdery before and after can or using formulation fertilizer containing nitrogen in using the formulation fertilizer containing nitrogen process, also can after granulation, sneak into formulation fertilizer containing nitrogen or be applied in particulate form formulation fertilizer containing nitrogen outside as coating.
The present invention has following advantage:
1. first Application solid-liquid mixing and absorption method is produced charcoal base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemical restrainer, it is advantageous that can guarantee biochemical restrainer farthest adsorbed close in carbonaceous material surface and inner, make slow release effect better, more long-acting to the restraining effect of soil enzyme activities.
2. solved in the past technique due to the less uneven problem of mixing with fertilizer that cause of addition of inhibitor.Because the present invention carries out adsorption after inhibitor is formed to solution, all biochemical restrainers can evenly be adsorbed in carbonaceous material.
3. the present invention also has accessibility and the adjustability in application.The biochemical restrainer that in the past used and fertilizer mixed granulation process, a collection of product all adds in this ratio in case the adding proportion of biochemical restrainer is determined.In fact, because the activity difference of enzyme in soil is larger, need be according to definite optimum doses such as soil type, cropping systems.Due to products obtained therefrom of the present invention can be in many ways separately or use simultaneously with nitrogenous fertilizer, its consumption and method of application all can be regulated because of the plantation situation.
4. carbonaceous material raw material sources used herein are extensive, with low cost, and itself contain a certain amount of nutrient element, and can be used as a kind of solid carbon means raising soil carbon sink; Its absorption property to mineral nutrition also can play the effect that extends fertilizer efficiency to fertilizer itself, can also improve soil aggregate structure was, reduces the soil weight, and the insulation soil moisture conservation, be a kind of genuine green fertilizer additive.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described in detail, but is not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
The urease inhibitor NBPT of 4 parts are dissolved in the water of 40 ℃ of 100 parts, join in the 40 purpose activity charcoal powders of 200 parts, mix, oven dry, pulverize, and namely obtains product after crossing 40 mesh sieves.In product, NBPT content is 2%.This product is adapted at using before urea or uses while using urea.
Embodiment 2
The urease inhibitor hydroquinone of 10 parts are dissolved in the water of 50 ℃ of 100 parts, join in the 40 purpose cornstalk biological powdered carbons of 200 parts, mix, oven dry, cross after 40 mesh sieves to obtain powder-like product.In product, content of hydroquinone is 5%.This product is suitable for by after granulator granulation, with urea granules, mixing and use.
Embodiment 3
The urease inhibitor thiocarbamides of 20 parts are dissolved in the water of 70 ℃ of 100 parts, join in the 100 purpose wood charcoal powders of 200 parts, mix, oven dry, cross after 100 mesh sieves to obtain powder-like product.In product, thiocarbamide content is 10%.This product is used after being suitable for being applied to the urea granules outside surface by coating process.
Embodiment 4
The nitrification inhibitor DMPP of 2 parts are dissolved in the water of 40 ℃ of 100 parts, join in the 40 purpose bamboo charcoal powder of 400 parts, mix, oven dry, cross after 40 mesh sieves to obtain powder-like product.In product, DMPP content is 0.5%.When this product is adapted at using urea or after using urea, use, also be adapted at using ammonium sulfate or diammonium phosphate simultaneously or use before.
Embodiment 5
The nitrification inhibitor DCD of 14 parts are dissolved in the water of 60 ℃ of 100 parts, join in the 40 purpose coke powders of 200 parts, mix, oven dry, cross after 40 mesh sieves to obtain powder-like product.In product, DCD content is 7%.This product be suitable for by after granulator granulation with the particulate form applications of mixed fertilizers such as urea, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate.
Embodiment 6
The nitrification inhibitor DCD of the nitrification inhibitor DMPP of 5 parts and 15 parts is dissolved in the water of 80 ℃ of 100 parts, joins in the biological powdered carbons of 200 purpose feces of livestock and poultry of 100 parts, mix, oven dry, cross after 200 mesh sieves to obtain powder-like product.In product, the nitrification inhibitor total content is 20% (wherein DMPP content is that 5%, DCD content is 15%).This product is used after being suitable for being applied to formulation fertilizer containing nitrogen particle outside surface by coating process.
Embodiment 7
The nitrification inhibitor DCD of the urease inhibitor NBPT of 3 parts and 3 parts is dissolved in the water of 60 ℃ of 100 parts, joins in the 40 purpose coal powder of 100 parts, mix, oven dry, cross after 40 mesh sieves to obtain powder-like product.In product, the total content of inhibitor is 6% (wherein urease inhibitor NBPT content is 3%, and the content of nitrification inhibitor DCD is 3%).When this product is adapted at using urea or before using urea, use.
Embodiment 8
The nitrification inhibitor DMPP of the urease inhibitor NBPT of 20 parts and 10 parts is dissolved in the water of 90 ℃ of 100 parts, joins in the 40 purpose activity charcoal powders of 200 parts, mix, oven dry, cross after 40 mesh sieves to obtain powder-like product.In product, the total content of inhibitor is 15% (wherein urease inhibitor NBPT content is 10%, and the content of nitrification inhibitor DMPP is 5%).This product is suitable for by after granulator granulation, with particulate form urea, mixing and use.
Embodiment 9
The nitrification inhibitor DCD of the urease inhibitor hydroquinone of 15 parts and 15 parts is dissolved in the water of 95 ℃ of 100 parts, joins in the biological powdered carbons of 100 purpose bagasse of 100 parts, mix, oven dry, cross after 100 mesh sieves to obtain powder-like product.In product, the total content of inhibitor is 30% (wherein urease inhibitor hydroquinone content is 15%, and the content of nitrification inhibitor DCD is 15%).This product is used after being suitable for being applied to particulate form urea outside surface by coating process.
Application examples 1
Should use-case be the culture experiment of adding fertilizer soil.For examination soil, be damp brown earth, fresh soil sample is adopted back impurities removing and residual root system behind laboratory, crosses the 2mm sieve standby.Experiment is divided into 4 processing, 1. do not add the space management of fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor, 2. only add the control treatment of fertilizer, 3. add the processing of fertilizer and unprocessed nitrification inhibitor, 4. add the nitrification inhibitor (deduction bamboo charcoal content while fetching earth) that fertilizer and the application embodiment of the present invention 4 were processed.For examination fertilizer, be ammonium sulfate [(NH
4)
2SO
4], addition is 100mg/kg soil, processes 3. and 4. according to equivalent, adds DMPP, addition is 1% of purity nitrogen consumption.
The aquatic foods soil and the (NH that executes that will be equivalent to the 500g dry ground
4)
2SO
4With DMPP, fully mix, in the polyethylene bottle of packing into.On bottle cap with the several apertures of pinprick to create aerobic environment, then be placed in 25 ℃ of incubator fixed temperature and humidity and cultivate, every processing arranges 3 repetitions.Between incubation period, adopt weekly the weighting method moisturizing 3 times, Tu Shui is fully mixed, make soil moisture content remain on 20%.Ammonium nitrogen (NH in the 12nd, 25,50,80 days sampling and measuring soil after culture experiment starts
4 +-N) and nitric nitrogen (NO
3 --N) content.Each processes measurement result referring to table 1.
Table 1 different treatment soil ammonium and nitrate nitrogen content
Experimental result shows, although add undressed nitrification inhibitor DMPP and treated nitrification inhibitor DMPP (treatment process is with embodiment 4) all can effectively suppress the rate of oxidation of ammonium, but the processing of application carbonaceous material absorption DMPP is compared with the processing of the unprocessed DMPP of application, in the situation that identical addition, content at cultivation the 50th day and the 80th day ammonium nitrogen increases respectively 38.8% and 157.2%, and the content of nitric nitrogen decomposes reduction by 27.4% and 30.2%.This long-acting biochemical restrainer of charcoal base that shows the production of application this patent is really more excellent and more lasting than common biochemical inhibitor effect.
Application examples 2
Should use-case be the wheat potted plant experiment.3 processing are established in experiment altogether: 1. singly execute Urea treatment, 2. add urea and undressed urease inhibitor hydroquinone and nitrification inhibitor DCD, 3. add and process 2. fertilizer and the inhibitor of equivalent, treatment process is with embodiment 9, and inhibitor evenly is applied to particulate form urea outside surface by coating process.Inhibitor and fertilizer and soil are fully mixed to rear dress basin, and every basin fills native 5kg, by the amount of 100mg/kg, applies particulate form urea, and urease inhibitor hydroquinone and nitrification inhibitor DCD consumption are 2% of nitrogen addition.
Second day sowing wheat.Every processing repeats 3 times, random alignment.The rear final singling of all emerging, every basin stays seedling 10 strains.Duration of test is respectively processed equivalent and is watered.In seedling stage, tillering phase, jointing stage, heading stage and the harvesting time of wheat growth, take a sample respectively, measure the ammonium nitrogen (NH of soil
4 +-N) and nitric nitrogen (NO
3 --N) content, survey and produce and measure nitrogen utilization efficiency harvesting time.
Table 2 wheat potted plant experiment different times different treatment soil ammonium and nitrate nitrogen content
Table 3 wheat potted plant experiment output and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer
| Process | Output (g/ basin) | Volume increase (%) | Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%) | Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves (%) |
| Process 1. | 7.28 | ? | 42.1 | ? |
| Process 2. | 7.85 | 7.83 | 45.6 | 8.31 |
| Process 3. | 8.48 | 16.48 | 47.3 | 12.35 |
Experimental result shows, no matter the processing of adding biochemical restrainer is improving soil Mineral N prime number amount, or all playing comparatively significant effect improving aspect crop yield and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.With the biochemical restrainer that does not pass through any processing to than, it is better that the biochemical restrainer effect on fertilizer surface is processed and be applied in to Application Example 9 methods, can not only be at the content that improves soil Mineral N element each period of plant growth, can also make crop yield 16.48%, improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer 12.35%, these data have improved respectively 8.65% and 4.04% than the biochemical restrainer without any processing.
Claims (10)
1. the preparation method of a charcoal base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemical restrainer, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) the nitrogenous fertilizer biochemical restrainer of 2～50 parts is dissolved in to the certain density aqueous solution that contains biochemical restrainer of preparation in the water of 40～100 ℃ of 100 parts; 2) this solution is joined in the carbon absorbent of 100～500 parts, mix, oven dry, pulverize, after sieving and get final product.
2. the preparation method of charcoal base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemical restrainer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described nitrogenous fertilizer biochemical restrainer is the mixture of urease inhibitor or nitrification inhibitor or urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor arbitrary proportion.
3. the preparation method of charcoal base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemical restrainer according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described urease inhibitor is the water-soluble material with urease inhibiting effect that exists with solid form under quinhydrones, thiocarbamide, N-NBPT (NBPT), phenyl phosphinylidyne two ammoniums (PPD) or other normal temperature.
4. the preparation method of charcoal base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemical restrainer according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described nitrification inhibitor is Dyhard RU 100 (DCD), 3, the water-soluble material with Nitrification Inhibition that exists with solid form under 4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphoric acid salt (DMPP) or other normal temperature.
5. the preparation method of charcoal base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemical restrainer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described carbon absorbent is gac, charcoal or black wood charcoal.
6. the preparation method of charcoal base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemical restrainer according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described charcoal is that the application agricultural are elementary, secondary or transform residuum such as crop material, pericarp shell, rice chaff rice shell, bagasse, feces of livestock and poultry, fermentation residue etc. and be the raw material solid product that pyrolysis forms under anoxic and 200～700 ℃ of conditions.
7. the preparation method of charcoal base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemical restrainer according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the described black wood charcoal carbon particulate matter that to be the application fossil oil produce through incomplete combustion or pyrolytic decomposition, as coal, coke.
8. the preparation method of according to claim 1 with 5 described charcoal base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemical restrainers, is characterized in that, described carbon absorbent and prepared long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemical restrainer all need to pulverize the particle for less than 40 orders (0.425mm).
9. the preparation method of charcoal base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemical restrainer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the gross weight that contains urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor in described charcoal base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemical restrainer accounts for 0.4～33.3% of product gross weight.
10. the preparation method of charcoal base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemical restrainer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described charcoal base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemical restrainer directly is manured into soil with powdery before and after can or using formulation fertilizer containing nitrogen in using the formulation fertilizer containing nitrogen process, also can after granulation, sneak into formulation fertilizer containing nitrogen or be applied in particulate form formulation fertilizer containing nitrogen outside as coating.
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