CN112062646A - Chili slow-release fertilizer and preparation and application methods thereof - Google Patents
Chili slow-release fertilizer and preparation and application methods thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112062646A CN112062646A CN202010962827.6A CN202010962827A CN112062646A CN 112062646 A CN112062646 A CN 112062646A CN 202010962827 A CN202010962827 A CN 202010962827A CN 112062646 A CN112062646 A CN 112062646A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fertilizer
- parts
- preparation
- slow
- pepper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
A capsicum slow release fertilizer and a preparation and application method thereof are provided, the capsicum slow release fertilizer is spherical particles, and comprises the following components in sequence from inside to outside: a nutrient core, an inner coating, a fertilizer layer and an outer coating; the nutrient core comprises the following main components: nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer, microelement fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer; the inner coating mainly comprises the following components: sodium alginate, carboxymethyl chitosan and nitrification inhibitor; the fertilizer layer mainly comprises the following components: organic fertilizer and microbial preparation; the main components of the outer coating are as follows: attapulgite and ethyl cellulose. The invention also discloses a preparation method and an application method of the capsicum slow-release fertilizer. The slow release fertilizer for the peppers is rich and various, is matched with the growth requirements of the peppers, and has proper release speed and high fertilizer utilization rate. The slow release fertilizer prepared by the method has uniform particles, simple process and low cost, and is suitable for industrial production. The application method of the invention has the advantages of high-efficiency and reasonable fertilizer utilization, ensured yield, reduced environmental pollution and reduced fertilizer waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a slow release fertilizer and a preparation and application method thereof, in particular to a capsicum slow release fertilizer and a preparation and application method thereof.
Background
Pepper is a plant of the genus capsicum of the family solanaceae, native to central and south america, widely cultivated around the world due to its rich nutrition and delicious taste, and its yield is second only to tomato among solanaceae vegetables. Sichuan, Hunan, Guizhou, etc. are major pepper production areas, and pepper planting is also becoming the major economic backbone industry in some cities and counties in these areas. However, over-application of fertilizers has been common for a long time in order to blindly pursue the yield and quality of peppers, and although this has achieved income to some extent, pollution to the environment and soil is potential and persistent. How to realize sustainable development of land while ensuring crop yield and economic benefit is a problem which needs to be overcome and researched all the time.
CN104016803A discloses an organic slow release fertilizer for hot pepper, CN109251106A discloses a special slow release fertilizer for zinc-rich hot pepper and a preparation process thereof, and CN108658696A discloses a preparation method of the special slow release fertilizer for hot pepper.
CN106278661A discloses a coated slow-release fertilizer for hot pepper, which comprises an inner layer of fertilizer, an outer layer of film coated on the fertilizer and a coating coated on the outer layer of film, wherein the fertilizer accounts for 80-85% of the total weight of the slow-release fertilizer, the outer layer of film is composed of a mixture 1, and the coating is composed of a mixture 2. However, due to the difference of the types and the requirements of the fertilizers for the hot pepper in different growth stages, the slow release fertilizer only has the fertilizer on the inner layer, and releases the same fertilizer in the whole growth cycle, which is undoubtedly another waste of the fertilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art and providing the pepper slow-release fertilizer which is rich and various in fertilizer, matched with the growth requirement of pepper, proper in release speed and high in fertilizer utilization rate.
The invention further aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art and provides a preparation method of the slow release fertilizer for the capsicum, which has the advantages of uniform particles, simple process and low cost and is suitable for industrial production.
The invention further aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art and provide the application method of the pepper slow-release fertilizer, which has the advantages of high efficiency and reasonability in fertilizer utilization, ensured yield, reduced environmental pollution and reduced fertilizer waste.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the slow release fertilizer for the hot pepper is spherical particles, and comprises the following components in sequence from inside to outside: a nutrient core, an inner coating, a fertilizer layer and an outer coating; the nutrient core comprises the following main components: nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer, microelement fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer; the inner coating mainly comprises the following components: sodium alginate, carboxymethyl chitosan and nitrification inhibitor; the fertilizer layer mainly comprises the following components: organic fertilizer and microbial preparation; the main components of the outer coating are as follows: attapulgite and ethyl cellulose. During the period from emergence to bud, because the plant is very small and the nutrient accumulation is slow, the demand for nutrients is less, which accounts for about 5% of the whole growth cycle, during the period from bud to initial flower, the plant growth is accelerated, the nutrient demand is increased, which accounts for about 10% of the whole growth cycle, and during the initial flower and full-bloom period, the reproductive growth of the pepper reaches the vigorous stage, which is the period requiring most nutrients and nitrogen, and accounts for about 35% of the whole growth cycle, and during the period from full flower to fruit ripening, the demand for comprehensive nutrients and phosphorus and potassium is more, which accounts for about 50% of the whole growth cycle. Therefore, the slow release fertilizer for the pepper disclosed by the invention is combined with the conditions of fertilizer types and fertilizer requirements of the pepper in different growth stages, a two-layer fertilizer and a two-layer coating structure are designed, when the fertilizer is just applied, the fertilizer layer is firstly released, the fertilizer amount in the fertilizer layer is less, the fertilizer layer mainly contains organic fertilizer and microbial bacteria, the slow release fertilizer is particularly suitable for the growth of plantlets in the early growth stage of the pepper and has the effect of conditioning soil, and as the growth of pepper plants, the fertilizer requirements and nutrient requirements increase, the nutrient core mainly provides rich nutrition required by the reproductive growth of the pepper.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the nutrient core to the inner coating to the fertilizer layer to the outer coating is 50-70: 5-10: 20-30: 5-10.
Preferably, the average particle size of the nutrient core is 3-4 mm.
Preferably, the average thickness of the inner coating is 0.1-0.3 mm. The thickness is more favorable for delaying the release of the fertilizer, and meanwhile, the fertilizer cost is not excessively increased.
Preferably, the average thickness of the fertilizer layer is 0.2-0.6 mm.
Preferably, the average thickness of the outer coating is 0.1-0.3 mm. The thickness is more favorable for delaying the release of the fertilizer, and meanwhile, the fertilizer cost is not excessively increased.
Preferably, the nutrient core comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 1-5 parts of trace element fertilizer, 3-10 parts of calcium fertilizer and 4-10 parts of magnesium fertilizer. The nutrient components and the proportion in the nutrient core are particularly suitable for the requirement of the capsicum on nutrition in the reproductive stage.
Preferably, the inner coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of sodium alginate, 3-8 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan and 0.5-1.5 parts of nitrification inhibitor. When the sodium alginate and the carboxymethyl chitosan are mixed for use, the-COOH on the sodium alginate and the-NH on the carboxymethyl chitosan molecule are used2The mixed membrane has better mixing enthalpy, thereby having better compatibility. And the carboxymethyl chitosan has larger contribution to the tensile strength of the blended filmThe increase of the dosage is also beneficial to destroying the crystallinity of the sodium alginate. The nitrification inhibitor is used and formulated in the inner coating in view of allowing it to slowly dissolve for a longer period of time to reduce the formation and accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the soil and thereby reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizer in the form of nitrate nitrogen.
Preferably, the fertilizer layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of organic fertilizer and 2-10 parts of microbial preparation.
Preferably, the outer coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-8 parts of attapulgite and 1-5 parts of ethyl cellulose. Because the fertilizer layer uses organic fertilizer, the attapulgite is used in the outer coating to form more channels for dissolving out the organic fertilizer and the microorganism bacteria, and the attapulgite also has adsorbability, thereby being further beneficial to the slow release of the effective components in the fertilizer.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is 10-30: 0-15: 8-20 (more preferably 12-20: 4-14: 8-20). In order to meet the requirements of different varieties of peppers, the dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be correspondingly adjusted, fertilizers with high phosphorus and potassium application proportion and heavy peppery taste are applied to the big fruit type peppers, and fertilizers with high nitrogen proportion are applied to the big fruit type peppers.
Preferably, the microelement fertilizer is one or more of a boron fertilizer and a zinc fertilizer, a molybdenum fertilizer, a manganese fertilizer, an iron fertilizer or a copper fertilizer. Boron is distributed in each part of a pepper plant, can promote the transportation and metabolism of carbohydrate, and the like, and plays an important role in high yield of pepper.
More preferably, the boron fertilizer is borax and/or boric acid and the like.
More preferably, the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate and/or zinc oxide and hydrates thereof and the like.
More preferably, the molybdenum fertilizer is one or more of ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate or molybdenum slag.
More preferably, the manganese fertilizer is manganese sulfate and/or manganese carbonate and hydrates thereof and the like.
More preferably, the iron fertilizer is one or more of ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, hexaurea trinitrate or iron diammine fulvate, and hydrates thereof.
More preferably, the copper fertilizer is one or more of copper sulfate, basic copper carbonate, copper chloride, copper oxide, cuprous oxide or copper ammonium silicate, hydrates thereof and the like.
Preferably, the calcium fertilizer is one or more of quicklime, slaked lime, calcium carbonate, calcium nitrate or calcium chloride fertilizer.
Preferably, the magnesium fertilizer is one or more of magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, magnesite or dolomite.
Preferably, the nitrification inhibitor is one or more of 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine, dicyandiamide, guanyl thiourea, 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate and the like.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer is one or more of sheep manure, chicken manure, rapeseed cakes or plant ash.
Preferably, the microbial preparation is one or more of a mycorrhizal fungi preparation, a phosphorus and potassium solubilizing bacteria preparation, a bacillus subtilis preparation or a gliocladium roseum preparation and the like. The mycorrhizal fungi mainly enlarge the absorption surface of the root system and increase the absorption capacity of elements (particularly phosphorus) outside the absorption range of the original root hairs. The phosphorus-dissolving potassium-dissolving bacteria can dissolve phosphorus potassium salt in soil and improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer. The gliocladium roseum is used as a biocontrol fungus, and has better control effect on common crop diseases of hot peppers due to the release of a special substance.
Preferably, the average particle size of the attapulgite is less than or equal to 0.15 mm.
The technical scheme adopted for further solving the technical problems is as follows: a preparation method of a capsicum slow-release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the trace element fertilizer, the calcium fertilizer and the magnesium fertilizer, performing steam drum granulation, and screening to obtain nutrient cores;
(2) dissolving sodium alginate, carboxymethyl chitosan and a nitrification inhibitor in water, and spraying the solution on the surface of the nutrient core obtained in the step (1) of heating and rotating to obtain the nutrient core coated with the inner coating;
(3) adding water into the organic fertilizer and the microbial preparation for blending, sealing and fermenting, adding the nutrient nuclei coated with the inner coating obtained in the step (2), uniformly stirring, performing drum granulation, and screening to obtain a coated fertilizer layer and the nutrient nuclei coated with the inner coating;
(4) and (3) adding ethyl cellulose into the ethanol solution, heating, stirring and dissolving, then adding the attapulgite, uniformly stirring, and spraying the mixture on the surfaces of the coated fertilizer layer and the inner-coated nutrient core obtained in the heating and rotating step (3) to obtain the pepper slow-release fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step (1), the inclination angle of the rotary drum granulation is 35-45 degrees, the rotating speed is 8-15 r/min, the temperature is 40-80 ℃, the steam pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa, and the time is 4-6 min. Under the condition, the components can be well mixed uniformly and are not easy to break, the use of the steam drum is beneficial to the molding of nutrient components, and the waste of heat generated by heating and drying and the nonuniformity of nutrient cores caused by heating are avoided, so that the subsequent coating is influenced.
Preferably, in the step (1), the average particle size of the sieve is 3-4 mm. The particle size is more favorable for ensuring the uniformity of the particles during industrial production and is also more favorable for subsequent coating.
Preferably, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the total mass of the sodium alginate, the carboxymethyl chitosan and the nitrification inhibitor to the water is 1: 25-50. Better gel-like solution can be formed under the proportion, and the subsequent formation of an inner coating is facilitated.
Preferably, in the step (2), the flow rate of the spraying is 30-50 kg/min.
Preferably, in the step (2), the temperature of the heating rotation is 60-80 ℃, the rotating speed is 8-15 r/min, and the water content is less than or equal to 5 percent after the spraying is finished. At the temperature, the water is volatilized more favorably, the film is formed quickly, and the structure of the coating is not damaged.
Preferably, in the step (3), the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the microbial preparation to water is 1: 0.5-1.0.
Preferably, in the step (3), the temperature of the sealed fermentation is 30-50 ℃, the pH value is 6-8, and the time is 2-4 days. The conditions are more favorable for the decomposition of organic fertilizers and the propagation of microorganisms.
Preferably, in the step (3), the inclination angle of the rotary drum granulation is 35-45 degrees, the rotating speed is 8-15 r/min, the temperature is 40-80 ℃, and the time is 4-6 min. The conditions are more favorable for coating the fertilizer layer and are not easy to fall off.
Preferably, in the step (3), the sieved average particle size is 3.3-4.8 mm.
Preferably, in the step (4), the mass ratio of the ethyl cellulose to the ethanol solution is 2-5: 100.
Preferably, in the step (4), the volume fraction of the ethanol solution is 50-100%.
Preferably, in the step (4), the heating and stirring temperature is 50-80 ℃, and the rotating speed is 400-600 r/min.
Preferably, in the step (4), the flow rate of the spraying is 30-50 kg/min.
Preferably, in the step (4), the temperature of the heating rotation is 70-90 ℃, the rotation speed is 8-15 r/min until the spraying is finished and no ethanol exists. Under the condition, the ethyl cellulose ethanol solution is more beneficial to uniformly coating the nutrient cores coated with the fertilizer layer and the inner coating, simultaneously volatilizing ethanol and quickly forming a film.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for further solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for applying a slow-release fertilizer to hot peppers comprises the steps of applying 25-40 kg/mu of the slow-release fertilizer to hot peppers during ridging, applying 10-30 kg/mu of the slow-release fertilizer to hot peppers after the hot peppers emerge or are transplanted for 38-42 days, and applying 10-20 kg/mu of the slow-release fertilizer to hot peppers after the hot peppers emerge or are transplanted for 60-80 days. The three fertilizing stages are a base fertilizer, a bud stage and a fruit strengthening stage. Because the process of releasing nutrients in the slow release fertilizer for the peppers is about 2-3 months, and the growth period of the peppers is generally 4-6 months, the slow release fertilizer is required to be used step by step in order to realize slow release of the fertilizer and cover the whole growth period of the peppers.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the pepper slow release fertilizer is rich and diverse in fertilizer, matched with the growth requirement of pepper, proper in release speed and high in fertilizer utilization rate;
(2) the slow release fertilizer prepared by the preparation method has uniform particles, simple process and low cost, and is suitable for industrial production;
(3) by combining the pepper slow-release fertilizer and the application method, the fertilizer can be more efficiently and reasonably utilized, and the pollution to the environment and the waste of the fertilizer are reduced while the yield is ensured.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
The rhizobacteria preparation used in the embodiment of the invention is purchased from the Weifang island microbiological technical research institute, the phosphorus-dissolving and potassium-dissolving bacteria preparation is purchased from Shandong Haomao bioengineering Limited company, and the bacillus subtilis-gliocladium roseum preparation is purchased from Zhongbao group; the average grain diameter of the attapulgite used in the embodiment of the invention is 0.10 mm; the seeds, fertilizers or chemicals used in the examples of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are commercially available in a conventional manner.
Embodiments 1 to 3 of a slow release fertilizer for capsicum
The raw material components and the parts by weight of the capsicum slow-release fertilizer in examples 1 to 3 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Chili slow release fertilizer in examples 1-3, the raw material components and weight parts thereof
Note: in the table, "-" indicates no addition.
In embodiment 1, the slow release fertilizer for capsicum is spherical particles, which sequentially comprise from inside to outside: a nutrient core, an inner coating, a fertilizer layer and an outer coating; the average grain diameter of the nutrient core is 3.5 mm; the average thickness of the inner coating is 0.2 mm; the average thickness of the fertilizer layer is 0.4 mm; the average thickness of the outer coating was 0.2 mm.
In embodiment 2 of the slow release fertilizer for capsicum, the slow release fertilizer for capsicum is spherical particles, and comprises the following components in sequence from inside to outside: a nutrient core, an inner coating, a fertilizer layer and an outer coating; the average grain diameter of the nutrient core is 3.0 mm; the average thickness of the inner coating is 0.1 mm; the average thickness of the fertilizer layer is 0.6 mm; the average thickness of the outer coating was 0.3 mm.
In embodiment 3, the slow release fertilizer for capsicum is spherical particles, which sequentially comprise from inside to outside: a nutrient core, an inner coating, a fertilizer layer and an outer coating; the average grain diameter of the nutrient core is 4.0 mm; the average thickness of the inner coating is 0.3 mm; the average thickness of the fertilizer layer is 0.2 mm; the average thickness of the outer coating was 0.1 mm.
Preparation method of pepper slow release fertilizer, example 1
(1) According to the components and parts by weight in the example 1 in the table 1, after mixing a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, a trace element fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer and a magnesium fertilizer, performing steam drum granulation for 5min at an inclination angle of 40 degrees, a rotation speed of 10r/min, a temperature of 60 ℃ and a steam pressure of 0.3MPa, and screening until the average grain diameter is 3.5mm to obtain nutrient kernels;
(2) according to the components and parts by weight of the components in the example 1 in the table 1, sodium alginate, carboxymethyl chitosan and nitrification inhibitor are dissolved in 320 parts by weight of water, the mixture is sprayed at 70 ℃ and the rotating speed is 12r/min at the flow rate of 40kg/min, the surface of the nutrient core obtained in the rotating step (1) is heated until the spraying is finished and the water content is less than or equal to 4 percent, and the nutrient core coated with the inner coating is obtained;
(3) according to the components and parts by weight of the components in the example 1 in the table 1, 20 parts by weight of water is added into an organic fertilizer and a microbial preparation for blending, the mixture is hermetically fermented for 3 days at 40 ℃ and under the pH value of 7, then the nutrient core coated with the inner coating obtained in the step (2) is added and uniformly stirred, drum granulation is carried out for 5min at the inclination angle of 40 degrees, the rotating speed of 10r/min and the temperature of 60 ℃, and the sieve is carried out until the average particle size is 4.1mm, so as to obtain a coated fertilizer layer and the nutrient core of the inner coating;
(4) according to the components and parts by weight of the components in the example 1 in the table 1, adding ethyl cellulose into 100 parts by weight of ethanol solution (the volume fraction is 80%), heating and stirring at 70 ℃ and the rotating speed of 500r/min for dissolving, then adding attapulgite, stirring uniformly, spraying the mixture on the surface of the nutrient core coated with the fertilizer layer and the inner coating obtained in the rotating step (3) at 80 ℃ and the rotating speed of 12r/min by heating at the flow rate of 40kg/min until the spraying is finished and no ethanol exists, and obtaining the pepper slow-release fertilizer.
Preparation method of pepper slow release fertilizer, example 2
(1) According to the components and parts by weight of the components in the example 2 in the table 1, after mixing a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, a trace element fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer and a magnesium fertilizer, performing steam drum granulation for 4min at an inclination angle of 35 degrees, a rotation speed of 8r/min, a temperature of 40 ℃ and a steam pressure of 0.2MPa, and screening until the average grain diameter is 3.0mm to obtain nutrient kernels;
(2) according to the components and parts by weight of the components in the example 2 in the table 1, dissolving sodium alginate, carboxymethyl chitosan and nitrification inhibitor in 150 parts by weight of water, spraying the mixture at the temperature of 60 ℃ and the rotating speed of 8r/min at the flow rate of 30kg/min, and heating the surface of the nutrient core obtained in the rotating step (1) until the spraying is finished and the water content is less than or equal to 3 percent to obtain the nutrient core coated with the inner coating;
(3) according to the components and parts by weight of the components in the example 2 in the table 1, adding 30 parts by weight of water into an organic fertilizer and a microbial preparation for blending, sealing and fermenting for 4 days at 50 ℃ and under the pH value of 8, adding the nutrient core coated with the inner coating obtained in the step (2), stirring and uniformly mixing, performing rotary drum granulation for 6min at the inclination angle of 35 degrees, the rotating speed of 8r/min and the temperature of 40 ℃, and sieving to obtain a coated fertilizer layer and the nutrient core of the inner coating until the average particle size is 3.7 mm;
(4) according to the components and parts by weight of the components in the example 2 in the table 1, ethyl cellulose is added into 100 parts by weight of ethanol solution (the volume fraction is 100 percent), the mixture is heated, stirred and dissolved at the temperature of 80 ℃ and the rotating speed of 600r/min, then attapulgite is added, the mixture is uniformly stirred, and the mixture is sprayed on the surface of the nutrient core coated with the fertilizer layer and the inner coating obtained in the rotating step (3) at the temperature of 90 ℃ and the rotating speed of 15r/min until the spraying is finished and no ethanol exists, so that the pepper slow release fertilizer is obtained.
Preparation method of pepper slow release fertilizer, embodiment 3
(1) According to the components and parts by weight in the example 3 in the table 1, after mixing a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, a trace element fertilizer, a calcium fertilizer and a magnesium fertilizer, performing steam drum granulation for 6min at an inclination angle of 45 degrees, a rotation speed of 15r/min, a temperature of 80 ℃ and a steam pressure of 0.4MPa, and screening until the average grain diameter is 4.0mm to obtain nutrient kernels;
(2) according to the components and parts by weight of table 1, in example 3, sodium alginate, carboxymethyl chitosan and nitrification inhibitor are dissolved in 500 parts by weight of water, the mixture is sprayed at 80 ℃ and the rotating speed is 15r/min at the flow rate of 50kg/min, the surface of the nutrient core obtained in the rotating step (1) is heated until the spraying is finished and the water content is less than or equal to 5 percent, and the nutrient core coated with the inner coating is obtained;
(3) according to the components and parts by weight in the example 3 in the table 1, after an organic fertilizer and a microbial preparation are blended with 10 parts by weight of water, the mixture is hermetically fermented for 2 days at the temperature of 30 ℃ and the pH value of 6, then nutrient nuclei coated with inner coatings obtained in the step (2) are added, stirred and uniformly mixed, subjected to drum granulation for 4min at the inclination angle of 45 degrees, the rotation speed of 15r/min and the temperature of 80 ℃, and sieved until the average particle size is 4.5mm, so that a coated fertilizer layer and the nutrient nuclei coated with the inner coatings are obtained;
(4) according to the components and parts by weight of the components in the example 3 in the table 1, adding ethyl cellulose into 100 parts by weight of ethanol solution (the volume fraction is 60%), heating and stirring at 60 ℃ and the rotating speed of 400r/min for dissolving, then adding attapulgite, stirring uniformly, spraying the mixture on the surface of the nutrient core coated with the fertilizer layer and the inner coating obtained in the rotating step (3) at 70 ℃ and the rotating speed of 8r/min by heating at the flow rate of 30kg/min until the spraying is finished and no ethanol exists, and obtaining the pepper slow-release fertilizer.
Application method of capsicum slow release fertilizer in example 1
The tested pepper varieties: shinong No. 2; test soil: the thickness of the cultivated layer of the paddy soil is 20cm, the pH value is 6.4, the mud heavy sand is light, the water and fertilizer retention capability is strong, and the irrigation and drainage are smooth; the pepper planting, the water management and the pest control are carried out according to a conventional method, the planting area is 1 mu, and the planting density is 2222 plants/mu.
During ridging, 35 kg/mu of the pepper slow-release fertilizer in the embodiment 1 is applied, after the pepper is transplanted for 40 days, 25 kg/mu of the pepper slow-release fertilizer in the embodiment 1 is applied, and after the pepper seedlings emerge or are transplanted for 70 days, 20 kg/mu of the pepper slow-release fertilizer in the embodiment 1 is applied.
Application method of capsicum slow release fertilizer in example 2
The tested pepper varieties: a gorgeous pyramid; test soil: the newly-accumulated soil is a yellow-red tide sand soil species, the thickness of a cultivated layer is 20cm, the pH value is 7.1, the sandy loam has weak water and fertilizer retention capacity, smooth irrigation and drainage and sand increase; the pepper planting, the water management and the pest control are carried out according to a conventional method, the planting area is 1 mu, and the planting density is 2222 plants/mu.
When ridging is carried out, 27 kg/mu of the pepper slow-release fertilizer in the embodiment 2 is applied, 11 kg/mu of the pepper slow-release fertilizer in the embodiment 2 is applied after pepper is transplanted for 42 days, and 10 kg/mu of the pepper slow-release fertilizer in the embodiment 2 is applied after pepper seedlings emerge or are transplanted for 60 days.
Application method of capsicum slow release fertilizer in example 3
The tested pepper varieties: yaping No. 6; test soil: the new accumulated soil is a new stone-included lime-sand soil seed, the thickness of a cultivated layer is 20cm, the soil is rich in gravel, the pH value is 6.6, the soil is in the middle, the water and fertilizer retention capacity is moderate, and the irrigation and drainage are smooth; the pepper planting, the water management and the pest control are carried out according to a conventional method, the planting area is 1 mu, and the planting density is 2222 plants/mu.
During ridging, 35 kg/mu of the pepper slow-release fertilizer in example 3 is applied, after pepper is transplanted for 38 days, 12 kg/mu of the pepper slow-release fertilizer in example 3 is applied, and after pepper seedlings emerge or are transplanted for 78 days, 12 kg/mu of the pepper slow-release fertilizer in example 3 is applied.
Comparative example 1
The planting conditions were the same as in example 1.
During ridging, 15 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 20 kg/mu of urea are applied, 5 kg/mu of urea and 40 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are applied after the pepper is transplanted for 40 days, and 5 kg/mu of urea and 25 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are applied after the pepper seedlings emerge or are transplanted for 70 days.
Blank example 1
The planting conditions were the same as in example 1.
Only when ridging is carried out, farmyard manure is applied, and no fertilizer is applied in the growth process.
Comparative example 2
The planting conditions were the same as in example 2.
During ridging, 15 kg/mu of urea, 10 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 2 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are applied, 3 kg/mu of urea, 10 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 2 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are applied after pepper is transplanted for 42 days, and 3 kg/mu of urea, 10 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 2 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are applied after pepper seedlings emerge or are transplanted for 60 days.
Blank example 2
The planting conditions were the same as in example 2.
Only when ridging is carried out, farmyard manure is applied, and no fertilizer is applied in the growth process.
Comparative example 3
The planting conditions were the same as in example 3.
During ridging, 10 kg/mu of urea, 15 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 5 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are applied, after pepper is transplanted for 38 days, 3 kg/mu of urea, 8 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 4 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are applied, and after pepper seedlings emerge or are transplanted for 78 days, 3 kg/mu of urea, 8 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 4 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are applied.
Blank example 3
The planting conditions were the same as in example 3.
Only when ridging is carried out, farmyard manure is applied, and no fertilizer is applied in the growth process.
The results of comparing the yield and quality of the applied peppers of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison table of the yield and quality of pepper in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3
Note: in the table, "-" indicates no detection; fertilization yield = actual yield of fertilization-actual yield of blank, fertilizer contribution = fertilization yield/actual yield 100%.
As can be seen from Table 2, in the pepper planting processes of examples 1 to 3 of the present invention, when only the fertilizer equivalent to the fertilizer of comparative example 72 to 98% is used, the yield increase rate can be increased by 15 to 20%, and the fertilizer contribution rate is increased by 5 to 10%, which indicates that the pepper slow release fertilizer of examples 1 to 3 of the present invention has abundant and various fertilizers, is matched with the growth requirements of pepper, and has appropriate release rate and high fertilizer utilization rate.
Claims (10)
1. The slow release fertilizer for the hot pepper is characterized by being spherical particles which are sequentially formed from inside to outside: a nutrient core, an inner coating, a fertilizer layer and an outer coating; the nutrient core comprises the following main components: nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer, microelement fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer; the inner coating mainly comprises the following components: sodium alginate, carboxymethyl chitosan and nitrification inhibitor; the fertilizer layer mainly comprises the following components: organic fertilizer and microbial preparation; the main components of the outer coating are as follows: attapulgite and ethyl cellulose.
2. The slow release fertilizer for capsicum according to claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the nutrient core to the inner coating to the fertilizer layer to the outer coating is 50-70: 5-10: 20-30: 5-10; the average particle size of the nutrient core is 3-4 mm; the average thickness of the inner coating is 0.1-0.3 mm; the average thickness of the fertilizer layer is 0.2-0.6 mm; the average thickness of the outer coating is 0.1-0.3 mm.
3. The slow release fertilizer for capsicum according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nutrient core comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 1-5 parts of trace element fertilizer, 3-10 parts of calcium fertilizer and 4-10 parts of magnesium fertilizer; the inner coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-5 parts of sodium alginate, 3-8 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan and 0.5-1.5 parts of nitrification inhibitor; the fertilizer layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of organic fertilizer and 2-10 parts of microbial preparation; the outer coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-8 parts of attapulgite and 1-5 parts of ethyl cellulose.
4. The slow release fertilizer for capsicum according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is 10-30: 0-15: 8-20; the trace element fertilizer is one or more of boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, iron fertilizer or copper fertilizer; the boric fertilizer is borax and/or boric acid; the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate and/or zinc oxide and hydrate thereof; the molybdenum fertilizer is one or more of ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate or molybdenum slag; the manganese fertilizer is manganese sulfate and/or manganese carbonate and hydrate thereof; the iron fertilizer is one or more of ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate, hexaurea trinitrate or iron diammine fulvate and hydrates thereof; the copper fertilizer is one or more of copper sulfate, basic copper carbonate, copper chloride, copper oxide, cuprous oxide or copper ammonium silicate and hydrates thereof; the calcium fertilizer is one or more of quicklime, slaked lime, calcium carbonate, calcium nitrate or calcium chloride fertilizer; the magnesium fertilizer is one or more of magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, magnesite or dolomite; the nitrification inhibitor is one or more of 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine, dicyandiamide, guanyl thiourea or 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate; the organic fertilizer is one or more of sheep manure, chicken manure, rapeseed cake or plant ash; the microbial preparation is one or more of a mycorrhizal fungi preparation, a phosphorus and potassium dissolving fungi preparation, a bacillus subtilis preparation or a gliocladium roseum preparation; the average particle size of the attapulgite is less than or equal to 0.15 mm.
5. A preparation method of the slow release fertilizer for capsicum according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the trace element fertilizer, the calcium fertilizer and the magnesium fertilizer, performing steam drum granulation, and screening to obtain nutrient cores;
(2) dissolving sodium alginate, carboxymethyl chitosan and a nitrification inhibitor in water, and spraying the solution on the surface of the nutrient core obtained in the step (1) of heating and rotating to obtain the nutrient core coated with the inner coating;
(3) adding water into the organic fertilizer and the microbial preparation for blending, sealing and fermenting, adding the nutrient nuclei coated with the inner coating obtained in the step (2), uniformly stirring, performing drum granulation, and screening to obtain a coated fertilizer layer and the nutrient nuclei coated with the inner coating;
(4) and (3) adding ethyl cellulose into the ethanol solution, heating, stirring and dissolving, then adding the attapulgite, uniformly stirring, and spraying the mixture on the surfaces of the coated fertilizer layer and the inner-coated nutrient core obtained in the heating and rotating step (3) to obtain the pepper slow-release fertilizer.
6. The preparation method of the slow release fertilizer for capsicum according to claim 5, wherein: in the step (1), the inclination angle of the rotary drum granulation is 35-45 degrees, the rotating speed is 8-15 r/min, the temperature is 40-80 ℃, the steam pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa, and the time is 4-6 min; the average particle size of the sieved particles is 3-4 mm.
7. The preparation method of the slow release fertilizer for capsicum according to claim 5 or 6, wherein: in the step (2), the mass ratio of the total mass of the sodium alginate, the carboxymethyl chitosan and the nitrification inhibitor to the water is 1: 25-50; the spraying flow is 30-50 kg/min; the temperature of the heating rotation is 60-80 ℃, the rotating speed is 8-15 r/min, and the water content is less than or equal to 5% after the spraying is finished.
8. A preparation method of the slow release fertilizer for capsicum according to any one of claims 5 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (3), the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer to the microbial preparation to water is 1: 0.5-1.0; the temperature of the sealed fermentation is 30-50 ℃, the pH value is 6-8, and the time is 2-4 days; the inclination angle of the rotary drum granulation is 35-45 degrees, the rotating speed is 8-15 r/min, the temperature is 40-80 ℃, and the time is 4-6 min; the average particle size of the screening is 3.3-4.8 mm.
9. A preparation method of the slow release fertilizer for capsicum according to any one of claims 5 to 8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (4), the mass ratio of the ethyl cellulose to the ethanol solution is 2-5: 100; the volume fraction of the ethanol solution is 50-100%; the heating and stirring temperature is 50-80 ℃, and the rotating speed is 400-600 r/min; the spraying flow is 30-50 kg/min; the temperature of the heating rotation is 70-90 ℃, the rotating speed is 8-15 r/min, and the spraying is finished and no ethanol exists.
10. An application method of the slow release fertilizer for capsicum as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: in ridging, 25-40 kg/mu of the pepper slow-release fertilizer as defined in any one of claims 1-4 is applied, 10-30 kg/mu of the pepper slow-release fertilizer as defined in any one of claims 1-4 is applied 38-42 days after pepper emergence or transplantation, and 10-20 kg/mu of the pepper slow-release fertilizer as defined in any one of claims 1-4 is applied 60-80 days after pepper emergence or transplantation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010962827.6A CN112062646A (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2020-09-14 | Chili slow-release fertilizer and preparation and application methods thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010962827.6A CN112062646A (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2020-09-14 | Chili slow-release fertilizer and preparation and application methods thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112062646A true CN112062646A (en) | 2020-12-11 |
Family
ID=73695621
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010962827.6A Pending CN112062646A (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2020-09-14 | Chili slow-release fertilizer and preparation and application methods thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112062646A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114478131A (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-05-13 | 安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所 | Special compound biological fertilizer for promoting growth of hot pepper and preparation method thereof |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102515952A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2012-06-27 | 山东宝源生物有限公司 | Chitosan coated alga bioorganic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| WO2012138210A1 (en) * | 2011-04-05 | 2012-10-11 | Universiti Teknologi Petronas | Multilayer controlled release fertilizer and method for producing the same |
| CN105585393A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-05-18 | 山东植丰农化集团有限公司 | Double-layer microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN106278661A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-04 | 贵阳开磷化肥有限公司 | A kind of Fructus Capsici film-coated and slow release fertilizer |
| CN109095997A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-12-28 | 佛山市森昂生物科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of degradable slow-release fertilizer material |
-
2020
- 2020-09-14 CN CN202010962827.6A patent/CN112062646A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012138210A1 (en) * | 2011-04-05 | 2012-10-11 | Universiti Teknologi Petronas | Multilayer controlled release fertilizer and method for producing the same |
| CN102515952A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2012-06-27 | 山东宝源生物有限公司 | Chitosan coated alga bioorganic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN105585393A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-05-18 | 山东植丰农化集团有限公司 | Double-layer microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN106278661A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-04 | 贵阳开磷化肥有限公司 | A kind of Fructus Capsici film-coated and slow release fertilizer |
| CN109095997A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-12-28 | 佛山市森昂生物科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of degradable slow-release fertilizer material |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 中国材料研究学会组织编写: "《中国战略性新兴产业——新材料 环境工程材料》", 30 November 2018, 中国铁道出版社 * |
| 刘俊松: "《我国高科技肥料专利战略研究》", 30 April 2017, 湖北科学技术出版社 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114478131A (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-05-13 | 安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所 | Special compound biological fertilizer for promoting growth of hot pepper and preparation method thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105585393A (en) | Double-layer microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN112062634A (en) | Rice slow-release fertilizer and preparation and application methods thereof | |
| CN110606791A (en) | Special slow release fertilizer for rice and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104230529A (en) | Special higher-utilization-ratio environment-friendly coated fertilizer for blueberries and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104045426A (en) | Leaf-containing biological organic composite coated fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN111620746A (en) | Acidic soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN107162830A (en) | A kind of humic absolute acid stability compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107586205A (en) | A kind of coated fertilizer for improveing acid soil and preparation method thereof | |
| CN113582760B (en) | Fertilizer for planting rice with high trace elements and high SOD (superoxide dismutase) and application thereof | |
| CN112062646A (en) | Chili slow-release fertilizer and preparation and application methods thereof | |
| CN109265241A (en) | A kind of gardens slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104261962A (en) | Organic fertilizer for pear tree planting and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110577444A (en) | Compound fertilizer capable of improving soil for rice planting and preparation method thereof | |
| CN112358354B (en) | Bud-protecting special fertilizer for water and fertilizer integrated planting of day lily and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105016861A (en) | High-utilization-rate magnetized sustained-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109111578A (en) | Preparation method, application method and the application of humic acid water-soluble liquid | |
| CN107266222A (en) | A kind of concentrated fertilizer for improving celery mouthfeel and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107285910A (en) | A kind of capsicum transplanting Rapid Rooting fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN113929537A (en) | Total nutrient microbial fulvic acid water-soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN113383633A (en) | Special fertilizer suitable for late-maturing big peaches in Beijing Pinggu and application method | |
| CN112028692A (en) | Special biological organic fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof | |
| CN111689811A (en) | Preparation method of slow-release photosynthesis-promoting compound fertilizer | |
| CN112479779A (en) | Special organic-inorganic compound water-soluble fertilizer for fruits and vegetables | |
| CN112521207A (en) | Compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN114181015B (en) | Composite slow-release compound fertilizer special for wheat and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |