CN112479721B - 一种高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112479721B
CN112479721B CN202011188849.8A CN202011188849A CN112479721B CN 112479721 B CN112479721 B CN 112479721B CN 202011188849 A CN202011188849 A CN 202011188849A CN 112479721 B CN112479721 B CN 112479721B
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薛文东
匡健磊
吴佩霞
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Jiangsu Cairui Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷及其制备方法,其中的制备方法包括:将氮化硅粉、有机钛源、无机钛源,金属钛粉置于高速搅拌机内搅拌,获得低粘度浆料;添加有机增稠剂,继续搅拌,制得高粘度浆料;将高粘度浆料置于模具内烘烤以获得具有一定体积密度的料坯;将料坯转移至热等静压烧结炉内,在氨气气氛下进行初步反应;初步反应结束后,将热等静压烧结炉内气氛切换为氮气气氛下进行热等静压烧结;烧结结束后,降温至室温,即获得所述高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷。本发明能够显著提高氮化硅陶瓷的韧性,同时降低其电阻,拓展其应用领域和范围。

Description

一种高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于材料工艺领域,具体涉及一种高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
氮化硅陶瓷是一种重要的结构陶瓷材料,其具有高强度、高耐磨、高导热、抗氧化、耐腐蚀、抗热震稳定性好等优良特点,并且还具有自润滑性能。因此,氮化硅陶瓷制成的结构件、耐火材料、轴承滚珠、电子基板等,广泛应用于风力发电、航空航天、金属冶炼、电子设备等众多领域。需要注意的是,氮化硅仍属于陶瓷材料,尽管其相对其它陶瓷材料具有更高的断裂韧性,但在高强度、高速、高冲击环境下应用时,其韧性仍有待进一步提高。另一方面,氮化硅陶瓷具有极高的电阻,因而是一种优良的绝缘材料,但也限制了其在电子电机设备领域的应用。因此,有必要通过一定方法提高氮化硅陶瓷的韧性,同时降低其电阻,拓展其应用领域和范围。
氮化硅陶瓷的增韧主要是采用引入第二相材料来形成复合材料,包括纳米颗粒、晶须/纳米线、纤维等第二相材料。相对于纳米颗粒扎钉作用诱导裂纹偏转,晶须/纳米线、纤维等一维材料还具有桥联、拔出等增韧机制,因而能够更为有效地提高氮化硅陶瓷的断裂韧性。对于降低氮化硅陶瓷的电阻,则主要是引入金属或者导电陶瓷来实现。相对于引入金属会降低氮化硅陶瓷的力学性能和耐高温性能,引入导电陶瓷能够确保氮化硅本身性能的同时,满足其电阻下降的需求。
申请号为200810117602X的中国发明专利申请文件中公开了一种导电氮化钛/氮化硅纳米复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于以钠或钾金属为还原剂,低温液相条件下以四氯化钛和四氯化硅为原料,在-50℃~20℃温度范围进行还原,直接得到氮化钛/氮化硅共沉淀型复合粉体。该方法容易残留钾钠金属或其氧化物,降低氮化硅陶瓷的强度;此外,生成的氮化钛粉体对氮化硅陶瓷有增强作用,但增韧效果不如氮化钛晶须,降低电阻提高电导的效果也同样不如可以形成三维电导网络的氮化钛晶须材料。
申请号为201110361710.3的中国发明专利申请文件中公开了一种原位生长碳氮化钛晶须增韧氮化硅基陶瓷刀具材料,其以氮化硅、氧化钛、碳粉、氯化钠、氯化钾为原料,混合均匀后在高温下反应制得碳氮化钛系列晶须增韧氮化硅基陶瓷刀具材料粉末。该方法同样容易残留钾钠金属或其氧化物,降低氮化硅陶瓷的强度。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明提供了一种高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷的制备方法,其技术方案如下:
一种高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
按质量百分比,取40~60%的氮化硅粉、30~50%的有机钛源、5~10%的无机钛源,1~3%的金属钛粉配制原料,将原料置于高速搅拌机内搅拌1.5~2.5小时,获得低粘度浆料;
按照低粘度浆料质量的1~5%添加有机增稠剂,继续搅拌0.8~1.2小时,制得高粘度浆料;
将高粘度浆料置于模具内,在90~110℃温度下烘烤2~4小时,获得具有一定体积密度的料坯;
将料坯转移至热等静压烧结炉内,在0.2~0.5Mpa氨气气氛下,以20~50℃/分钟的升温速度升温至1100℃~1400℃进行初步反应,反应时间为2~4小时;
初步反应结束后,将热等静压烧结炉内气氛切换为氮气气氛,并加压至50~150MPa,然后按1~5℃/分钟的升温速度升温至1500~1700℃进行热等静压烧结,烧结时间为2~10小时;
烧结结束后,按照1~5℃/分钟的降温速度降温至室温,即获得所述高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷。
在一些实施例中,所述有机钛源为缩钛酸丁酯、钛酸异丙酯、钛酸四丁酯、钛酸四乙酯、双(乙酰丙酮基)二异丙基钛酸酯中的一种或几种。
在一些实施例中,所述无钛源为三氯化钛、环戊二烯基三氯化钛、二氯二茂钛、三异丙氧基氯化钛、四氯化钛中的一种或几种组合。
在一些实施例中,所述氮化硅粉的粒径为10~50微米。
在一些实施例中,所述金属钛粉的粒径为100~500纳米。
在一些实施例中,所述料坯的体积密度≤2.5克/立方厘米。
本发明还提供了一种高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷,该高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷由上述任一项所述的高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷的制备方法制备。
在一些实施例中,高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷的电阻率≤10000Ω.cm。
在一些实施例中,高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷的断裂韧性为≥8MPa·m1/2
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
1、有机钛源和无机钛源高温热解生成高活性含钛中间产物和碳,可以在相对较低温度条件下与氨气分解形成的氢气和氮气混合气氛发生反应,同时金属钛粉既作为催化剂也参与反应,从而在氮化硅粉体中原位生成氮化钛-碳化钛复合晶须,并且不含有钾钠等影响性能的杂质。
2、氮化钛、碳化钛均为典型的高电导陶瓷材料,它们形成的复合晶须在氮化硅陶瓷中形成三维电导网络,可有效降低氮化硅陶瓷的电阻率。
3、氮化钛、碳化钛同时也是高强度陶瓷材料,它们形成的复合晶须可利用桥联、拔出、裂纹偏转等机制极大地增韧氮化硅陶瓷。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实例,进一步阐明本说明。本部分的描述仅是示范性和解释性,不应对本发明的保护范围有任何的限制作用。
实施例1
本实施例中的高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷的制备方法包括以下步骤:
按质量百分比,取40%的氮化硅(粒径50微米)、50%的缩钛酸丁酯、7%的三氯化钛,3%的金属钛粉(粒径500纳米)配制原料,将原料置于高速搅拌机内搅拌混合2小时,获得低粘度浆料。
按照低粘度浆料质量的5%添加有机增稠剂,继续搅拌1小时,制得高粘度浆料。
将高粘度浆料置于模具内,然后在110℃进行4小时烘烤,形成体积密度1.8克/立方厘米的料坯。
然后将料坯转移至热等静压烧结炉内,在0.5Mpa氨气气氛下,以50℃/分钟的升温速度升温至1400℃进行初步反应,反应时间为4小时。
初步反应结束后,将热等静压烧结炉内的气氛切换为氮气气氛,并加压至150MPa,然后按1℃/分钟的升温速度升温至1700℃进行热等静压烧结,烧结时间为2小时。
烧结结束,按照1℃/分钟的降温速度降温至室温,即制得断裂韧性为12.1MPa·m1 /2、电阻率为576Ω.cm的高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷。
实施例2
本实施例中的高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷的制备方法包括以下步骤:
按质量百分比,取60%氮化硅(粒径10微米)、32%钛酸四乙酯、5%三异丙氧基氯化钛,3%金属钛粉(粒径100纳米)配制原料,将原料置于高速搅拌机内搅拌混合2小时,获得低粘度浆料。
按照低粘度浆料质量的1%添加有机增稠剂,继续搅拌1小时,制得高粘度浆料。
将高粘度浆料置于模具内,然后在90℃进行3小时烘烤,形成体积密度为2.5克/立方厘米的料坯。
然后将料坯转移至热等静压烧结炉内,在0.2Mpa氨气气氛下,以20℃/分钟的升温速度升温至1100℃进行初步反应,反应时间为2小时。
初步反应结束后,将热压烧结炉内的气氛切换为氮气气氛,并加压至50MPa,然后按5℃/分钟的升温速度升温至1600℃进行热等静压烧结,烧结时间为10小时。
烧结结束,按照5℃/分钟的降温速度降温至室温,即制得断裂韧性为11.9MPa·m1 /2、电阻率为8977Ω.cm的高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷。
实施例3
本实施例中的高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷的制备方法包括以下步骤:
按质量百分比,取50%的氮化硅(粒径30微米)、40%的双(乙酰丙酮基)二异丙基钛酸酯、9%的环戊二烯基三氯化钛,1%的金属钛粉(粒径300纳米)配制原料,将原料置于高速搅拌机内搅拌混合1.5小时,获得低粘度浆料。
按照低粘度浆料质量的3%添加有机增稠剂,继续搅拌1.2小时,制得高粘度浆料。
将高粘度浆料置于模具内,然后在110℃进行2小时烘烤,形成体积密度为2.1克/立方厘米的料坯。
将料坯转移至热等静压烧结炉内,在0.3Mpa氨气气氛下,以30℃/分钟的升温速度升温至1200℃进行初步反应,反应时间为3小时。
初步反应结束后,将热压烧结炉内的气氛切换为氮气气氛,并加压至100MPa,然后按3℃/分钟的升温速度升温至1500℃进行热等静压烧结,烧结时间为6小时。
烧结结束,按照3℃/分钟的降温速度降温至室温,即制得断裂韧性为14.7MPa·m1 /2、电阻率为1659Ω.cm的高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷。
实施例4
本实施例中的高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷制备方法包括以下步骤:
按质量百分比,取45%的氮化硅(粒径40微米)、45%的钛酸四丁酯、8%的二氯二茂钛,2%的金属钛粉(粒径400纳米)配制原料,将原料置于高速搅拌机内搅拌混合2.5小时,获得低粘度浆料。
按照低粘度浆料质量的4%添加有机增稠剂,继续搅拌0.8小时,制得高粘度浆料。
将高粘度浆料置于模具内,然后在105℃进行3小时烘烤,形成体积密度为1.9克/立方厘米的料坯。
然后将料坯转移至热等静压烧结炉内,在0.4Mpa氨气气氛下,以40℃/分钟的升温速度升温至1350℃进行初步反应,反应时间为3小时。
初步反应结束后,将热压烧结炉内气氛切换为氮气气氛,并加压至120MPa,然后按2℃/分钟的升温速度升温至1650℃进行热等静压烧结,烧结时间为4小时。
烧结结束,按照4℃/分钟的降温速度降温至室温,即制得断裂韧性为13.6MPa·m1 /2、电阻率为941Ω.cm的高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷。
实施例5
本实施例中的高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷制备方法包括以下步骤:
按质量百分比,取58%的氮化硅(粒径35微米)、30%的钛酸异丙酯、8%的四氯化钛,2%的金属钛粉(粒径350纳米)配制原料,将原料置于高速搅拌机内搅拌混合2.2小时,获得低粘度浆料。
按照低粘度浆料质量的2%添加有机增稠剂,继续搅拌1.1小时,制得高粘度浆料。
将高粘度浆料置于模具内,然后在100℃进行3小时烘烤,形成体积密度为1.8克/立方厘米的料坯。
然后将料坯转移至热等静压烧结炉内,在0.4Mpa氨气气氛下,以35℃/分钟的升温速度升温至1200℃进行初步反应,反应时间为3小时。
初步反应结束后,将热压烧结炉内气氛切换为氮气气氛,并加压至120MPa,然后按2℃/分钟的升温速度升温至1600℃进行热等静压烧结,烧结时间为7小时。
烧结结束,按照3℃/分钟的降温速度降温至室温,即制得断裂韧性为9.6MPa·m1 /2、电阻率为1850Ω.cm的高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括如下步骤:
按质量百分比,取40~60%的氮化硅粉、30~50%的有机钛源、5~10%的无机钛源,1~3%的金属钛粉配制原料,将原料置于高速搅拌机内搅拌1.5~2.5小时,获得低粘度浆料;
按照低粘度浆料质量的1~5%添加有机增稠剂,继续搅拌0.8~1.2小时,制得高粘度浆料;
将高粘度浆料置于模具内,在90~110℃温度下烘烤2~4小时,获得具有一定体积密度的料坯;
将料坯转移至热等静压烧结炉内,在0.2~0.5Mpa氨气气氛下,以20~50℃/分钟的升温速度升温至1100℃~1400℃进行初步反应,反应时间为2~4小时;
初步反应结束后,将热等静压烧结炉内气氛切换为氮气气氛,并加压至50~150MPa,然后按1~5℃/分钟的升温速度升温至1500~1700℃进行热等静压烧结,烧结时间为2~10小时;
烧结结束后,按照1~5℃/分钟的降温速度降温至室温,即获得所述高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷。
2.如权利要求1所述高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机钛源为缩钛酸丁酯、钛酸异丙酯、钛酸四丁酯、钛酸四乙酯、双(乙酰丙酮基)二异丙基钛酸酯中的一种或几种。
3.如权利要求1所述高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述无机钛源为三氯化钛、四氯化钛中的一种或几种组合。
4.如权利要求1所述高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氮化硅粉的粒径为10~50微米。
5.如权利要求1所述高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述金属钛粉的粒径为100~500纳米。
6.如权利要求1所述高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述料坯的体积密度≤2.5克/立方厘米。
7.一种高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷,其特征在于,所述高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷由权利要求1至6任一项所述高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷的制备方法制备而成。
8.如权利要求7所述高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷,其特征在于,所述高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷的电阻率≤10000Ω.cm。
9.如权利要求7所述高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷,其特征在于,所述高韧性低电阻氮化硅陶瓷的断裂韧性为≥8MPa·m1/2
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