CN112471585B - Quality-improving and consumption-reducing regulation and control method for alcoholization of flue-cured tobacco - Google Patents
Quality-improving and consumption-reducing regulation and control method for alcoholization of flue-cured tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN112471585B CN112471585B CN202011581966.0A CN202011581966A CN112471585B CN 112471585 B CN112471585 B CN 112471585B CN 202011581966 A CN202011581966 A CN 202011581966A CN 112471585 B CN112471585 B CN 112471585B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/20—Biochemical treatment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B9/00—Control of the moisture content of tobacco products, e.g. cigars, cigarettes, pipe tobacco
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Abstract
The invention relates to a regulation and control method for quality improvement and consumption reduction of flue-cured tobacco alcoholization, which is a further improvement on a tobacco alcoholization technology and is used for classifying stored tobacco leaves, regulating and controlling alcoholization conditions comprising environment temperature and humidity and tobacco package storage capacity, improving quality and consumption reduction at the early stage, naturally alcoholizing and homogenizing at the middle stage, and reducing temperature, humidity and quality at the later stage. On the basis of keeping the alcoholization effects of reducing miscellaneous gases and irritation, exposing aroma and improving aftertaste and irritation, the invention discloses a unique stepped temperature-control alcoholization technology for improving quality, reducing consumption and alcoholizing in the early stage, naturally alcoholizing and homogenizing in the middle stage and preserving quality and reducing consumption in a low-temperature cave storage in the later stage, wherein the quality, reducing consumption, homogenizing, preserving quality and reducing consumption are sequentially penetrated in the alcoholization process, the process is simple and feasible, the cost and the efficiency are reduced, the content of aroma substances in a sheet tobacco formula module is improved to the maximum extent, the uniformity of batch modules is improved, the optimal sensory quality is kept, and the availability of tobacco leaves is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco leaf storage, and particularly relates to a regulation and control method for quality improvement and consumption reduction of flue-cured tobacco alcoholization.
Background
Dry matter refers to the total amount of various chemical substances in the tobacco leaves, dry matter loss is an important phenomenon in the tobacco leaf alcoholization process, and the tobacco leaves consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide; the protein and the amino acid are not respectively deaminated to release ammonia gas, the pectic substance is decomposed to release methanol, and the organic acid is degraded to release carbon dioxide; the dry matter consumption of the tobacco leaves and the weight reduction of the tobacco leaves can be caused by the partial volatilization of the nicotine and the amide, but the quality of the tobacco leaves is obviously improved after the dry matters are lost in the alcoholization process, so the loss is the normal process loss. The loss of dry matter reflects the severity of the chemical reaction that takes place during the alcoholization, but does not indicate how well the alcoholization process is, and does not necessarily indicate the success of the alcoholization.
The relation between the dry matter loss and the alcoholization condition is large in the tobacco alcoholization process, the tobacco alcoholization process is fast and the dry matter loss is relatively large under the conditions of high temperature and large relative humidity; and under the conditions of low temperature base and low relative humidity, the tobacco leaf process is slow, and the dry matter loss is small. In addition, the organic acid content and the moisture content of the tobacco leaves also have great influence on the dry matter loss, the dry matter loss is increased along with the increase of the organic acid content and the moisture content of the tobacco leaves, the influence of the volume weight of the tobacco bale on the dry matter loss is large, and the smaller the volume weight of the tobacco bale is, the more the dry matter loss is.
After the tobacco flakes are subjected to the air-conditioned storage and maintenance treatment, the color deepening of the tobacco leaves can be effectively inhibited, the chromaticity of the tobacco flakes is kept for a longer time, and the appearance quality of the tobacco flakes is better than that of natural alcoholized tobacco samples in a warehouse. Under the condition of controlled atmosphere storage, the internal oxidation reaction and the action of microorganisms in the tobacco leaves are inhibited, the alcoholization and decomposition of carbohydrates are also inhibited, the content of reducing sugar is reduced more slowly, and the ratio of two sugars is obviously higher than that of natural alcoholization.
The dry matter loss after the flue-cured tobacco is naturally alcoholized is 1-2%. The dry matter loss of the aged sun-cured tobacco is larger than that of the flue-cured tobacco, generally 3-4% of aromatic tobacco does not undergo the redrying process, the water content of the stored tobacco leaves is relatively larger, and the dry matter loss is larger.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a regulation and control method for quality improvement and consumption reduction of flue-cured tobacco alcoholization, which solves the problems of excessive dry matter consumption in the early alcoholization and quality improvement process, uneven alcoholization quality in the middle period and excessive dry matter consumption in the later alcoholization process by aiming at the alcoholization quality characteristics of flue-cured tobacco through the change rule of the quality of tobacco leaves in the alcoholization process.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a regulation and control method for improving quality and reducing consumption of alcoholization of flue-cured tobacco comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the change period of tobacco alcoholization quality improvement and consumption reduction, screening various historical alcoholization control technical schemes, and finding out the change rule of each index of tobacco quality improvement and consumption reduction in the tobacco alcoholization process by comparison;
s2, selecting the optimal regulation and control scheme for alcoholizing, upgrading and reducing the consumption of the flue-cured tobacco according to the alcoholizing regulation and control technical schemes through the dry matter loss and the sensory quality evaluation;
s3, determining a regulation and control scheme for influencing the alcoholization, quality improvement and consumption reduction of the flue-cured tobacco according to the optimal regulation and control scheme for alcoholization, quality improvement and consumption reduction of the flue-cured tobacco:
the first alcoholization stage is a warm warehouse oxygen reduction alcoholization quality improvement and consumption reduction stage, the time is from the warehouse entry of the flue-cured tobacco leaves to the alcoholization month 12, the warehouse annual average temperature of the stage is 22-26 ℃, the relative humidity is 60-65%, the oxygen concentration is 8-10%, and the cigarette packet warehouse capacity is 9.5-10 load/M 2 (ii) a The second alcoholization stage is a natural alcoholization stage, and the second alcoholization stage is a natural alcoholization stage, in this caseThe alcoholization period is from 12 months to 20 months, the storehouse year average temperature at this stage is 18-22 ℃, the relative humidity is 55-65%, and the cigarette packet storehouse capacity is 9.5 load/M 2 (ii) a The third alcoholization stage is a cavern alcoholization quality guarantee stage, the time is from the 20 th month of alcoholization to the 30 th month of alcoholization, until the industrial use, the annual average temperature of the storehouse in the stage is 12-16 ℃, the relative humidity is 40-50%, and the cigarette packet storehouse volume is 10 load/M 2 。
Preferably, the method for finding out the change rule of each index of the tobacco leaves in the upgrading, consumption reducing and alcoholizing processes of the flue-cured tobacco in the step S1 comprises the following steps:
1) selecting flue-cured tobacco leaves of the same batch, and carrying out alcoholization tests on two treatment groups of alcoholization and natural alcoholization in an upgrading and consumption-reducing storehouse respectively;
2) taking samples every other first set time, randomly sampling for 0-30 months of alcoholization time, and storing the sampled samples in a low-temperature refrigerator at-10 ℃;
3) and after the alcoholization test is finished, performing sensory quality evaluation and keeping evaluation records.
Preferably, during the controlled atmosphere curing, nitrogen-filled controlled atmosphere curing is adopted, and after the oxygen concentration in the film is stable, nitrogen is supplemented periodically to ensure that the oxygen concentration in the film is continuously 8-10%.
Preferably, the evaluation is performed at the sampling site when the appearance quality evaluation is performed.
Preferably, in the process of detecting the dry matter consumption, a sampling and weighing method is generally adopted for judging the dry matter consumption of the tobacco leaves in the alcoholization process. When the redried tobacco leaves are put in storage, 2-3kg of tobacco flakes are extracted from a tobacco box, the moisture is balanced for 3-4 days in a standard air state (the temperature is 22 ℃ plus or minus 1 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60% + orminus 3%), the tobacco flakes are accurately weighed by adopting the balance accuracy of more than 0.01g, and then the tobacco flakes are put into a small tobacco box or a small wooden box and alcoholized under the normal storage condition: and (3) weighing the tobacco slices after alcoholizing for 1-2 years, and balancing the moisture for 3-4 days under the same environmental condition before weighing each time to eliminate the influence of the moisture content change of the tobacco leaves on the dry matter loss.
Preferably, the indexes of the sensory quality evaluation comprise aroma quality, aroma quantity, concentration, flexibility and fineness, aftertaste, miscellaneous gas, irritation and strength;
the total score calculation formula of the sensory quality evaluation is as follows:
t ═ a + B) × 2.0+ (C + D) × 1.5+ E + F + G + H, where T is the sensory quality evaluation total score, a is the aroma quality score, B is the aroma volume score, C is the concentration score, D is the fineness score, E is the aftertaste score, F is the miscellaneous gas score, G is the irritation score, and H is the strength score.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
the invention relates to a regulation and control method for upgrading and reducing consumption of alcoholization of flue-cured tobacco, which is a unique stepped temperature-controlled alcoholization technology for upgrading, reducing consumption and alcoholization in the early stage, natural alcoholization and homogenization in the middle stage at normal temperature and quality guarantee and consumption reduction in the low-temperature cave storage in the later stage.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below by examples, and the following examples are only exemplary and can be used only for explaining and explaining the technical solutions of the present invention, but not construed as limiting the technical solutions of the present invention.
The application provides a regulation and control method for improving quality and reducing consumption of alcoholization of flue-cured tobacco, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of implementing and screening various alcoholization control technical schemes, finding out differences, determining the quality change of quality improvement and consumption reduction of the flue-cured tobacco as the three alcoholization stages of the optimal scheme of alcoholization of the flue-cured tobacco, wherein the quality change of quality improvement and consumption reduction of the flue-cured tobacco is the early quality improvement and consumption reduction along with time in the alcoholization, and the later quality guarantee and consumption reduction:
the first alcoholization stage is a warm house oxygen-reducing alcoholization quality-improving consumption-reducing stage, the time is from the warehousing of the flue-cured tobacco leaves to the 12 th month of alcoholization, the annual average temperature of the warehouse at the stage is 22-26 ℃, the relative humidity is 60-65%, the oxygen concentration is 8-10%, and the warehouse capacity of the tobacco bale is 9.5-10 load/M 2 (ii) a Second oneThe alcoholization stage is a natural alcoholization stage, the second alcoholization stage is a natural alcoholization stage from the alcoholization month of 12 to the alcoholization month of 20, the average storehouse year temperature is 18-22 ℃, the relative humidity is 55-65%, and the cigarette packet storehouse volume is 9.5 load/M 2 (ii) a The third alcoholization stage is a cavern alcoholization quality guarantee stage, the time is from the 20 th month of alcoholization to the 30 th month of alcoholization, until the industrial use, the annual average temperature of the storehouse in the stage is 12-16 ℃, the relative humidity is 40-50%, and the cigarette packet storehouse volume is 10 load/M 2 。
Examples
1) Test materials
The experiment was started in 2016 and 7 months, and the production areas of the tobacco lamina samples were Henan Schchang Xiang county C3F, Fujian Sanming C3F, and Yunnan Qujing C3F.
The test site is arranged in a warehouse of a Xinzheng cigarette factory in Henan, and the two treatments of the tobacco leaf splitting, cost reduction and efficiency improvement special warehouse storage and natural alcoholization are carried out, wherein the contrast is natural alcoholization. Sampling every 6 months, randomly sampling 2kg of alcoholization time at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 months, storing the sample in a low-temperature refrigerator (10 ℃ below zero), evaluating dry matter loss and sensory quality after the test, and keeping evaluation record.
2) Test method
Nitrogen filling operation flow: before nitrogen filling, the tightness inspection is carried out, whether the sealed membrane cover is damaged or not is checked, whether the sealing position is tight and firm or not is checked, and whether the sealing between an air suction hole, a detection port, a vent valve and the like and the membrane interface is perfect or not is checked. After the oxygen concentration in the membrane is stable, nitrogen is supplemented periodically to ensure that the oxygen concentration in the membrane is continuously 8-10%.
In the dry matter consumption detection process, a sampling and weighing method is usually adopted for judging the dry matter loss of the tobacco leaves in the alcoholization process. When the redried tobacco leaves are put in storage, 2-3kg of tobacco flakes are extracted from a tobacco box, the moisture is balanced for 3-4 days in a standard air state (the temperature is 22 ℃ plus or minus 1 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60% + orminus 3%), the tobacco flakes are accurately weighed by adopting the balance accuracy of more than 0.01g, and then the tobacco flakes are put into a small tobacco box or a small wooden box and alcoholized under the normal storage condition: and (3) weighing the tobacco slices after alcoholizing for 1-2 years, and balancing the moisture for 3-4 days under the same environmental condition before weighing each time to eliminate the influence of the moisture content change of the tobacco leaves on the dry matter loss.
Sensory evaluation method, aroma characteristics: quality, volume, fullness, and miscellaneous odor of aroma; flue gas characteristics: concentration, strength, fineness and conglomeration; mouthfeel characteristics: irritation, cleanliness, dryness, sweetness; industrial applicability.
Adopting a sensory quality evaluation method:
11 professional smokers in the center of tobacco technology in south of the river evaluate the sensory quality of a tobacco sample according to YC/T138-1988 tobacco and tobacco product sensory evaluation method, the sensory quality is shown in tables 1 and 2, each index is evaluated and quantified in a score of 9, and the evaluation contents are respectively graded according to 10 indexes such as strong flavor display, aroma quality, aroma quantity, concentration, flexibility, aftertaste, miscellaneous gas, irritation, combustibility and gray color.
TABLE 1 sensory evaluation index assignment Standard
TABLE 2 weight coefficients of various sensory indexes
Note: total sensory score (T) ═ a + B × 2.0+ (C + D) × 1.5+ E + F + G + H.
The definition of the three-stage alcoholization period comprises the following steps:
the first alcoholization stage is a warm warehouse oxygen reduction alcoholization quality improvement and consumption reduction stage, the time is from the warehouse entry of the flue-cured tobacco leaves to the alcoholization month 12, the warehouse annual average temperature of the stage is 22-26 ℃, the relative humidity is 60-65%, the oxygen concentration is 8-10%, and the cigarette packet warehouse capacity is 9.5-10 load/M 2 (ii) a The second alcoholization stage is natural alcoholization stage, which is from 12 months to 18 months of alcoholization periodThe average temperature is 18-22 ℃, the relative humidity is 55-65%, and the cigarette packet storage capacity is 9.5 load/M 2 (ii) a The third alcoholization stage is a cavern alcoholization quality guarantee stage, the time is from the 18 th month of alcoholization to the 30 th month of alcoholization, until the industrial use, the annual average temperature of the storehouse in the stage is 12-16 ℃, the relative humidity is 40-50%, and the cigarette packet storehouse volume is 10 load/M 2 。
The specific results of dry matter loss measurements are shown in Table 3.
It can be seen from the dry matter loss detected in table 3 that the dry matter loss of the three samples is about 2% in the natural alcoholization process, the dry matter loss of the three samples treated in the experiment is about 1%, the consumption of the dry matter is greatly reduced by the experiment treatment, the dry matter loss of the Yunnan sheet tobacco is the least, and the samples of Fujian and Henan sheet tobacco are the next.
The sensory quality evaluation indexes include aroma quality, aroma amount, concentration, softness and fineness, aftertaste, miscellaneous gas, irritation and strength. The results of the sensory quality evaluation are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 sensory quality evaluation Table
As can be seen from Table 4, the sensory quality of the tobacco flakes treated by the experiment is obviously higher than that of natural alcoholization, and particularly, the sensory quality score of the post-stage cavernous alcoholization can keep a longer optimal alcoholization peak value, and the quality of the post-stage cavernous alcoholization is slowly reduced, so that the tobacco flakes are beneficial to industrial use.
After the tobacco leaf regulation and control technology is adopted to treat the tobacco leaves, the loss of dry matters of the tobacco leaves is reduced, the fragrance is full and mellow, the taste is comfortable, the aftertaste is pure, and the sensory quality is integrally improved.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A regulation and control method for improving quality and reducing consumption of alcoholization of flue-cured tobacco is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining the change period of tobacco alcoholization quality improvement and consumption reduction, screening various historical alcoholization control technical schemes, and finding out the change rule of each index of tobacco quality improvement and consumption reduction in the tobacco alcoholization process through comparison;
s2, selecting the optimal regulation and control scheme for alcoholizing, upgrading and reducing the consumption of the flue-cured tobacco according to the alcoholizing regulation and control technical schemes through the dry matter loss and the sensory quality evaluation;
s3, determining the quality improvement and consumption reduction regulation and control scheme which influences the alcoholization of the flue-cured tobacco according to the optimal quality improvement and consumption reduction regulation and control scheme of the alcoholization of the flue-cured tobacco:
the first alcoholization stage is a warm warehouse oxygen reduction alcoholization quality improvement and consumption reduction stage, the time is from the warehouse entry of the flue-cured tobacco leaves to the alcoholization month 12, the warehouse annual average temperature of the stage is 22-26 ℃, the relative humidity is 60-65%, the oxygen concentration is 8-10%, and the cigarette packet warehouse capacity is 9.5-10 load/M 2 (ii) a The second alcoholization stage is a natural alcoholization stage from the alcoholization month 12 to the alcoholization month 20, the average storehouse year temperature is 18-22 deg.C, the relative humidity is 55-65%, and the cigarette packet storehouse volume is 9.5 load/M 2 (ii) a The third alcoholization stage is a cavern alcoholization quality guarantee stage, the time is from the 20 th month of alcoholization to the 30 th month of alcoholization, until the industrial use, the annual average temperature of the storehouse in the stage is 12-16 ℃, the relative humidity is 40-50%, and the cigarette packet storehouse volume is 10 load/M 2 。
2. The method for regulating and controlling quality improvement and consumption reduction of flue-cured tobacco alcoholization according to claim 1, wherein the method for finding out the change rule of each index of the tobacco during the flue-cured tobacco alcoholization process by comparison in step S1 comprises the following steps:
1) selecting flue-cured tobacco leaves of the same batch, and carrying out alcoholization tests in two treatment groups of alcoholization and natural alcoholization by an upgrading and consumption reducing method respectively;
2) taking samples every other first set time, randomly sampling for 0-30 months of alcoholization time, and storing the sampled samples in a low-temperature refrigerator at-10 ℃;
3) and after the alcoholization test is finished, respectively evaluating the dry matter loss, the appearance, the physical index and the sensory quality, and keeping evaluation records.
3. The method for regulating and controlling quality improvement and consumption reduction of flue-cured tobacco alcoholization according to claim 2, characterized in that a sampling and weighing method is generally adopted to judge the dry matter loss amount of tobacco leaves in the alcoholization process, when the redried tobacco leaves are put in storage, 2-3kg of tobacco leaves are extracted from a tobacco box, the moisture is balanced for 3-4 days at the temperature of 22 ℃ +/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity of 60% +/-3%, the tobacco leaves are accurately weighed by adopting the precision of a balance more than 0.01g, and then the extracted tobacco leaves are put into a small tobacco box or a small wooden box to be alcoholized under the normal storage condition: and (3) weighing the tobacco slices after alcoholizing for 1-2 years, and balancing the moisture for 3-4 days under the same environmental condition before weighing each time to eliminate the influence of the moisture content change of the tobacco leaves on the dry matter loss.
4. The quality-improving and consumption-reducing control method for alcoholizing flue-cured tobacco according to claim 2, characterized in that nitrogen-filled modified atmosphere curing is performed, and after the oxygen concentration in the film is stable, nitrogen is supplemented periodically to ensure that the oxygen concentration in the film is continuously 8-10%.
5. The method for regulating and controlling quality improvement and consumption reduction of alcoholization of flue-cured tobacco according to claim 2, wherein the indexes of sensory quality evaluation include aroma quality, aroma amount, concentration, fineness, aftertaste, miscellaneous gases, irritation and strength;
the total score calculation formula of the sensory quality evaluation is as follows:
t = (a + B) × 2.0+ (C + D) × 1.5+ E + F + G + H, where T is the sensory quality evaluation total score, a is the fragrance quality score, B is the fragrance amount score, C is the concentration score, D is the fineness score, E is the aftertaste score, F is the miscellaneous gas score, G is the irritation score, and H is the strength score.
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