CN112586798B - Regulation and control method for improving alcoholization quality of first six tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Regulation and control method for improving alcoholization quality of first six tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN112586798B CN112586798B CN202011581991.9A CN202011581991A CN112586798B CN 112586798 B CN112586798 B CN 112586798B CN 202011581991 A CN202011581991 A CN 202011581991A CN 112586798 B CN112586798 B CN 112586798B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/20—Biochemical treatment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B9/00—Control of the moisture content of tobacco products, e.g. cigars, cigarettes, pipe tobacco
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/30—Computing systems specially adapted for manufacturing
Abstract
The invention relates to a regulation and control method for improving alcoholization quality of top six tobacco leaves, which is characterized in that aiming at the alcoholization technology of the top six tobacco leaves, the method is further improved, the stored tobacco leaves are classified, the alcoholization direction of the high-end raw materials of the top six tobacco leaves is focused, and on the basis of keeping alcoholization effects of reducing miscellaneous gases and irritability, exposing fragrance and improving aftertaste and irritability, the unique stepped temperature-control alcoholization technology of warming and alcoholizing in an early stage, naturally alcoholizing at normal temperature in a middle stage and storing in a hole at low temperature in a later stage is invented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco storage, and particularly relates to a regulation and control method for improving alcoholization quality of six tobacco leaves.
Background
The upper six tobacco leaves are collected and baked once by taking the improvement of the maturity of the upper tobacco leaves as a center, so that the industrial availability of the upper tobacco leaves is improved. The six tobacco leaves are grown on 4-6 tobacco leaves at the top of a tobacco plant in a high-quality tobacco area, the harvesting is delayed for about 7 days, and the tobacco leaves are harvested at one time to reach a fully mature state, the leaf age is long, the dry matter accumulation is sufficient, the maturity is high, the tissue is loose, the tobacco leaves are full, and the tobacco leaves are ideal raw materials of high-grade cigarettes.
The alcoholization quality of tobacco leaves with different parts and maturity is greatly different in different storage environments. Researches show that the sensory quality of tobacco leaves in different producing areas generally shows a rule that the sensory quality firstly increases and then decreases along with the time extension in the alcoholization process. In the prior art, CN102599644A and CN109984371A only emphasize that the quality of raw materials is improved on the basis of accelerated alcoholization time, the change rule of the quality of the tobacco lamina is not considered, and the tobacco lamina storage modules are not classified in detail so as to achieve the purpose of efficiently applying different functional modules in a distinguishing way; CN101416771A only stays in insect-proof and mildew-proof treatment, and the attention degree on improving the tobacco leaf raw materials is insufficient; in the prior art, CN103054175B is designed correspondingly in consideration of the mass change rule of the storage module, but the module function is not distinguished to carry out accurate alcoholization regulation and control. The alcoholization rule and alcoholization technique of the above six special parts and maturation conditions are still blank at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a regulation and control method for improving the alcoholization quality of the first six tobacco leaves, and solves the problems of insufficient early alcoholization, uneven medium alcoholization quality and quick degradation of later alcoholization quality in the first six tobacco leaves aiming at the quality characteristics of the first six tobacco leaves through the change rule of the tobacco leaf quality in the alcoholization process.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a regulation and control method for improving the alcoholization quality of the first six tobacco leaves comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the alcoholization quality change period of the last six tobacco leaves, screening various historical alcoholization control technical schemes, and finding out the change rule of each index of the tobacco leaves in the alcoholization process of the last six tobacco leaves through comparison;
s2, selecting the optimal six-leaf alcoholization control scheme through evaluating physical characteristics, chemical components and sensory quality of the alcoholization tobacco leaves according to the alcoholization control technical schemes;
s3, determining three key alcoholization stages influencing alcoholization of the upper six tobacco leaves according to the optimal alcoholization regulation control scheme of the upper six tobacco leaves:
the first alcoholization stage is a warm-house alcoholization upgrading stage, the time is from the warehousing of the last six tobacco leaves to the 15 th month of alcoholization, the annual average temperature of the warehouse at the stage is 22-26 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60-65%; the second alcoholization stage is a natural alcoholization stage, the time is from the alcoholization month 15 to the alcoholization month 24, the warehouse year average temperature of the stage is 18-22 ℃, and the relative humidity is 55-65%; the third alcoholization stage is a cavern alcoholization quality guarantee stage, the time is from the alcoholization month 24 to the alcoholization month 30, until the industrial use, the annual average temperature of the cavern in the stage is 12-16 ℃, and the relative humidity is 40-50%.
Preferably, the method for finding out the change rule of each index of the tobacco leaves in the six-leaf tobacco leaf alcoholization process through comparison in the step S1 comprises the following steps:
1) selecting the upper six tobacco leaves of the same batch, and carrying out alcoholization tests on two processing groups of special storehouse alcoholization and natural alcoholization respectively;
2) taking samples once every other first set time, randomly sampling for 0-30 months of alcoholization time, and storing the samples in a low-temperature refrigerator at-10 ℃;
3) and after the alcoholization test is finished, respectively carrying out chemical component determination, appearance quality evaluation and sensory quality evaluation, and keeping evaluation records.
Preferably, the evaluation is performed at the sampling site when the appearance quality evaluation is performed.
Preferably, the appearance quality evaluation adopts a visual inspection dividing mode, indexes comprise color, oil content, plumpness, uniformity, brightness and fragrance smelling for qualitative evaluation, wherein the color is divided into eight grades of light yellow, earthy yellow, positive yellow, golden yellow, dark yellow, light orange red, orange red and red brown; the oil content is divided into four grades, namely more, less, slightly less and more; the plumpness is divided into three grades of plumpness, fullness and under-fullness; the uniformity is divided into three grades of uniformity, uniform fineness and flower slices; the brightness is divided into four grades of brightness, light, slightly dark and dark; smelling the fragrance is divided into sour thorn, mellow fragrance, natural fragrance and green tea.
Preferably, the indexes of the sensory quality evaluation comprise aroma quality, aroma quantity, concentration, flexibility and fineness, aftertaste, miscellaneous gas, irritation and strength;
the total score calculation formula of the sensory quality evaluation is as follows:
t ═ a + B × 2.0+ (C + D) × 1.5+ E + F + G + H, where T is the sensory quality evaluation total score, a is the fragrance quality score, B is the fragrance amount score, C is the concentration score, D is the fineness score, E is the aftertaste score, F is the miscellaneous gas score, G is the irritation score, and H is the strength score.
Preferably, the index of the physical property comprises thickness mm and leaf surface density g/m of tobacco leaves 2 Balancing the percentage of water content, the percentage of tensile force, the percentage of peduncles and the filling value cm 3 /g。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a stepped temperature-controlled alcoholization technology which is used for further researching and improving the alcoholization technology of the six tablets, classifying the stored tablets, focusing on the alcoholization direction of the six high-end raw materials, keeping alcoholization effects of reducing miscellaneous gases and irritability, exposing fragrance and improving aftertaste and irritability, and being unique in the processes of warming room in the early stage and alcoholizing, naturally alcoholizing at normal temperature in the middle stage and storing in holes at low temperature in the later stage.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a sensory quality score versus curve.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below by examples, and the following examples are only exemplary and can be used only for explaining and explaining the technical solutions of the present invention, but not construed as limiting the technical solutions of the present invention.
The application provides a regulation and control method for improving alcoholization quality of upper six tobacco leaves, which comprises the following steps:
implementing and screening various alcoholization control technical schemes, finding out differences, determining that the alcoholization quality change of the upper six tobacco leaves is a rule that the alcoholization quality change of the upper six tobacco leaves is firstly increased and then reduced along with the time extension in alcoholization, and determining the optimal scheme of the alcoholization of the upper six tobacco leaves, namely three alcoholization stages:
firstly, a warm storehouse alcoholization upgrading stage
The time of the warm-house alcoholization upgrading stage is from the warehousing of the six tobacco leaves redried into the 15 th month. The quality characteristics of the upper six tobacco leaves are as follows: the method has the advantages of more accumulated dry substances, more macromolecular substances, thicker leaves, poorer filling property, longer natural alcoholization time and insignificant alcoholization quality improvement, and can obviously accelerate the alcoholization time and improve the alcoholization quality by experimental comparison by increasing the temperature by 2 to 4 ℃ compared with the natural alcoholization temperature. The temperature of the storehouse is regulated and controlled to 22-26 ℃ through conditions of solar energy, heating, air conditioning and the like, and the relative humidity is 60-65%. The warm warehouse generally uses the top layer or the glass room of the multilayer warehouse, can make full use of solar energy to raise the temperature, and can also have equipment or air conditioners for heating, conveying hot air in the warehouse with better service conditions.
The stage comprises the stage from warehousing of redried tobacco strips to alcoholization for 15 months. The mellowing temperature of the greenhouse is relatively high, so that the conversion of substances in the tobacco leaves to a harmonious and favorable direction can be accelerated, the quality of the tobacco leaves is improved, meanwhile, the full aroma of the upper six tobacco leaves cannot be reduced, if the mellowing time is prolonged, the mellowing quality is reduced due to excessive mellowing, and particularly, the tobacco leaves are easy to produce oil and become dark in color.
Second, natural alcoholization and homogenization stage
The natural alcoholization homogenization stage time is from 15 months to 24 months of alcoholization, the first stage is followed by transferring the upper six tobacco leaves to a layer of special storehouse, and the annual average temperature of the storehouse is stabilized: the temperature is 18-22 ℃, the relative humidity is 55-65%, and the six modules are stored for 9 months in the state, and the process is mainly used for homogenizing the quality of the stored six modules in the same batch and different cargo spaces. The industrial availability of the tobacco leaves is reduced due to the defects of compact upper tobacco leaf tissue, over-thick leaves, over-high total alkaloid content (low sugar-base ratio), large irritation and the like, and the homogenization and alcoholization are used for promoting the upper tobacco leaves to further reduce the total alkaloid content (increase the sugar-base ratio) and reduce the irritation of smoke gas, so that the method becomes one of important means for improving the industrial availability. Because the quality of the redried strip tobacco of the same batch is slightly different, the stability of the cigarette product is influenced. And the quality of the stored tobacco flakes does not reach a high point, and the alcoholization quality of the six tobacco flakes in the same batch is approximately the same and at the highest level, so that the tobacco flakes are beneficial to processing and using of cigarettes in the later period.
Thirdly, the aging and quality guarantee stage of the cave depot
The quality guarantee period of the cavernous alcoholization is from 24 months to 30 months of alcoholization until industrial use, and the process is mainly used for maintaining the quality of six stored tablets in an optimal state. After 24 months, the six tobacco leaves are transferred to the cave depot for cave storage and alcoholization, and the annual average temperature of the cave depot is monitored: the temperature is 12-16 ℃, the relative humidity is 40-50%, and the product is stored until being put into industrial use. When the pesticide is matched with a certain amount of pesticide, the storage task of keeping the quality of six tablets is completed while a certain insecticidal effect is achieved.
Examples
1) Test materials
The experiment started in 2016 and 3 months, and the production place of the last six tobacco leaf samples is Shannan xuchang Xiang.
The test site is arranged in a warehouse of a Xinzheng cigarette factory in the south of the river, and is divided into six special warehouses for storage and natural alcoholization, wherein the contrast is natural alcoholization. Sampling every 3 months, randomly sampling at alcoholization time of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 months, sampling 2kg each time, simultaneously sampling 2kg of a control sample, storing in a low-temperature refrigerator at (-10 ℃), and performing chemical component determination and sensory quality evaluation after the test; when the appearance evaluation is carried out, the field sampling is carried out for evaluation, and the evaluation record is reserved.
2) Test method
And (3) appearance determination, namely performing qualitative evaluation on each sample index by adopting a visual inspection dividing mode. Including color, oil, fullness, uniformity, brightness, and aroma. Wherein the color is divided into eight grades of light yellow, earthy yellow, normal yellow, golden yellow, dark yellow, light orange red, orange red and red brown; the oil is divided into four grades, namely more, less, slightly less and more; the plumpness is divided into three grades of plumpness, full and under-full; the uniformity is divided into three grades of uniformity, uniform uniformity and flower slices; the brightness is divided into four grades of brightness, bright, slightly dark and dark; smelling the fragrance is divided into sour thorn, mellow fragrance, original fragrance and fresh green.
Sensory evaluation method, aroma characteristics: quality, volume, fullness, and miscellaneous odor of aroma; flue gas characteristics: concentration, strength, fineness and conglomeration; mouthfeel characteristics: irritation, cleanliness, dryness, sweetness; industrial applicability.
Adopting an organoleptic quality evaluation method:
11 professional smoke evaluators in the center of tobacco technology in south and river evaluate the sensory quality of a tobacco sample according to YC/T138-1988 tobacco and tobacco product sensory smoke evaluation method, the sensory quality is shown in tables 1 and 2, each index is evaluated and quantified in a score of 9, and smoke evaluation contents are respectively graded according to 10 indexes of strong flavor display, aroma quality, aroma quantity, concentration, flexibility and fineness, aftertaste, miscellaneous gas, irritation, combustibility, gray color and the like.
TABLE 1 sensory evaluation index assignment Standard
TABLE 2 weight coefficients of various sensory indices
Note: total sensory score (T) ═ a + B × 2.0+ (C + D) × 1.5+ E + F + G + H.
The definition of the three-stage alcoholization period comprises the following steps:
and screening out an optimal regulation and control scheme of an alcoholization period by evaluating the appearance quality, sensory quality and physical characteristics of the roasted tobacco leaves.
(I) appearance quality
The appearance quality evaluation adopts a visual inspection dividing mode, and indexes comprise color, oil content, plumpness, uniformity, brightness and fragrance smelling, and are shown in a table 3.
TABLE 3 Change in appearance quality during alcoholization
As can be seen from Table 3, the last six tablets are naturally alcoholized for 24 months, the color becomes obviously darker, the oil feeling is stronger, the plumpness, the uniformity and the brightness are all the best, and the mellow performance is realized, but if the alcoholization is continued, the color of the tablets begins to develop towards brown, the gloss is slightly darker, and the uniformity and the saturation begin to decline; in the six-step alcoholization, the color deepening is faster than the natural alcoholization for 3 months, the oil content, the plumpness, the uniformity and the brightness are faster than the natural alcoholization, the alcoholization is continued, all appearance indexes show no obvious change, and the step alcoholization quality guarantee effect is more obvious.
(II) sensory quality
The sensory quality evaluation indexes include aroma quality, aroma amount, concentration, softness and fineness, aftertaste, miscellaneous gas, irritation and strength.
Specific sensory quality evaluation:
and evaluating the sensory quality of the spraying treatment by a member of the evaluation committee by adopting a sensory evaluation method, wherein each sensory index item is evaluated according to 9 points, and the total sensory score is the sum of the actual score multiplied by the weight of each item. Wherein each index is fragrance quality, fragrance amount, concentration, softness and fineness, aftertaste, miscellaneous gas, irritation and strength.
The total score calculation formula of the sensory quality evaluation is as follows:
t ═ a + B × 2.0+ (C + D) × 1.5+ E + F + G + H, where T is the total score of sensory quality evaluation, a is the scent quality score, B is the scent amount score, C is the concentration score, D is the fineness score, E is the aftertaste score, F is the miscellaneous gas score, G is the irritation score, H is the strength score, and the sensory quality evaluation results are shown in table 4 and fig. 1.
TABLE 4 sensory quality evaluation Table
As can be seen from Table 4, the sensory quality scores of the two modes are approximately the same in the first 9 months, the sensory quality score of the sample obtained by the step alcoholization is obviously higher than the natural alcoholization sensory quality score from the 9 th month to the 30 th month, and the natural alcoholization sensory quality score is reduced more obviously from the 18 th month to the 30 th month, which shows that the retention effect of the six-step alcoholization quality is better than that of the traditional natural alcoholization.
(III) evaluation of physical index:
the physical indexes include: thickness (mm), leaf area density (g/m) 2 ) Equilibrium moisture content (%), tensile force (%), elongation (%) and fill value (cm) 3 /g)
The tobacco leaf quality can be regulated and controlled to reach a high-quality level by spraying proper exogenous hormone to carry out comparative analysis on the detection of the tobacco leaf after roasting which is subjected to test control.
The indicators of the physical properties include: thickness (mm), leaf area density (g/m) 2 ) Tensile, elongation, equilibrium moisture content (%) and fill value (cm) 3 In terms of/g), see Table 5:
TABLE 5 evaluation chart of physical characteristics of tobacco leaves
After the tobacco leaf regulation and control technology is adopted to treat the flue-cured tobacco, the maturity states of six pieces of tobacco leaves on the flue-cured tobacco are well kept, the leaf structure is loose, the identity is thinned, the color is well kept, the oil content is high, the chromaticity is high, the appearance quality and the physical characteristics are obviously enhanced, the fragrance is full and mellow, the taste is comfortable, and the aftertaste is pure.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A regulation and control method for improving the alcoholization quality of the first six tobacco leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining the alcoholization quality change period of the last six tobacco leaves, screening various historical alcoholization control technical schemes, and finding out the change rule of each index of the tobacco leaves in the alcoholization process of the last six tobacco leaves through comparison;
s2, selecting the optimal six-leaf alcoholization control scheme through evaluating physical characteristics, chemical components and sensory quality of the alcoholization tobacco leaves according to the alcoholization control technical schemes;
s3, determining three key alcoholization stages influencing alcoholization of the six tobacco leaves according to the optimal alcoholization regulation and control scheme of the six tobacco leaves:
the first alcoholization stage is a warm-house alcoholization upgrading stage, the time is from the warehousing of the last six tobacco leaves to the 15 th month of alcoholization, the annual average temperature of the warehouse at the stage is 22-26 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60-65%; the second alcoholization stage is a natural alcoholization stage, the alcoholization time is from 15 months to 24 months, the average storehouse year-round temperature of the stage is 18-22 ℃, and the relative humidity is 55-65%; the third alcoholization stage is a cavern alcoholization quality guarantee stage, the time is from the alcoholization month 24 to the alcoholization month 30, until the industrial use, the annual average temperature of the cavern in the stage is 12-16 ℃, and the relative humidity is 40-50%.
2. The regulation and control method for improving alcoholization quality of the upper six tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein the method for finding out the change rule of each index of the tobacco leaves in the alcoholization process of the upper six tobacco leaves by comparison in the step S1 comprises the following steps:
1) selecting the upper six tobacco leaves of the same batch, and carrying out alcoholization tests on two processing groups of special storehouse alcoholization and natural alcoholization respectively;
2) taking samples every other first set time, randomly sampling for 0-30 months of alcoholization time, and storing the sampled samples in a low-temperature refrigerator at-10 ℃;
3) and after the alcoholization test is finished, respectively carrying out chemical component determination, appearance quality evaluation and sensory quality evaluation, and keeping evaluation records.
3. The regulation and control method for improving alcoholization quality of top six tobacco leaves according to claim 2, characterized in that, in the case of evaluating appearance quality, evaluation is performed at a sampling site.
4. The regulation and control method for improving the alcoholization quality of the top six tobacco leaves according to claim 2, wherein the evaluation of the appearance quality adopts a visual classification mode, and indexes comprise color, oil content, plumpness, uniformity, brightness and smelling fragrance to carry out qualitative evaluation, wherein the color is divided into eight grades of light yellow, earthy yellow, normal yellow, golden yellow, dark yellow, light orange red, tangerine red brown; the oil content is divided into four grades, namely more, less, slightly less and more; the plumpness is divided into three grades of plumpness, fullness and under-fullness; the uniformity is divided into three grades of uniformity, uniform uniformity and flower slices; the brightness is divided into four grades of brightness, light, slightly dark and dark; smelling fragrance is divided into sour thorn, mellow fragrance, Benxiang and Shengqing.
5. The regulation and control method for improving the alcoholization quality of the last six tobacco leaves according to claim 2, wherein the indexes of sensory quality evaluation comprise aroma quality, aroma amount, concentration, fineness, aftertaste, miscellaneous gases, irritation and strength;
the total score calculation formula of the sensory quality evaluation is as follows:
t ═ a + B × 2.0+ (C + D) × 1.5+ E + F + G + H, where T is the sensory quality evaluation total score, a is the fragrance quality score, B is the fragrance amount score, C is the concentration score, D is the fineness score, E is the aftertaste score, F is the miscellaneous gas score, G is the irritation score, and H is the strength score.
6. The regulation and control method for improving alcoholization quality of top six tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein the indexes of physical characteristics comprise thickness mm and leaf surface density g/m of tobacco leaves 2 Balancing the percentage of water content, the percentage of tensile force, the percentage of peduncles and the filling value cm 3 /g。
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| CN101869352A (en) * | 2010-06-18 | 2010-10-27 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for shortening natural aging time of tobacco leaves through ambient temperature and humidity |
| CN103892456A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-02 | 贵州中烟工业有限责任公司 | Flue-cured tobacco fermentation process |
| GB2542623A (en) * | 2014-10-02 | 2017-03-29 | Philip Morris Products Sa | Treatment of tobacco stems |
| CN110679995A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-01-14 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Cigar tobacco four-stage fermentation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101869352A (en) * | 2010-06-18 | 2010-10-27 | 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for shortening natural aging time of tobacco leaves through ambient temperature and humidity |
| CN103892456A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-02 | 贵州中烟工业有限责任公司 | Flue-cured tobacco fermentation process |
| GB2542623A (en) * | 2014-10-02 | 2017-03-29 | Philip Morris Products Sa | Treatment of tobacco stems |
| CN110679995A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-01-14 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Cigar tobacco four-stage fermentation method |
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