CN112586799A - Henan tobacco leaf rapid alcoholization control method - Google Patents
Henan tobacco leaf rapid alcoholization control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112586799A CN112586799A CN202011583209.7A CN202011583209A CN112586799A CN 112586799 A CN112586799 A CN 112586799A CN 202011583209 A CN202011583209 A CN 202011583209A CN 112586799 A CN112586799 A CN 112586799A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/20—Biochemical treatment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B9/00—Control of the moisture content of tobacco products, e.g. cigars, cigarettes, pipe tobacco
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Henan tobacco leaf rapid alcoholization regulating and controlling method, which comprises a biological complex enzyme rapid reaction stage, wherein a biological complex enzyme preparation consisting of alpha-amylase, cellulase and saccharifying enzyme is used for treating threshed and redried tobacco leaves, and the optimal action condition of the biological complex enzyme preparation in tobacco leaf alcoholization treatment is determined; carrying out natural alcoholization and homogenization on the tobacco leaves for 12-18 months under the conditions that the temperature is 20-24 ℃ and the relative humidity is 55-65%; placing the mixture in a cave depot at the temperature of 12-16 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40-50%, and preserving the quality of the cave depot for 18-24 months. The invention uses a biological compound enzyme preparation consisting of alpha-amylase, cellulase and saccharifying enzyme to treat threshed and redried tobacco leaves, and solves the problems of insufficient early-stage alcoholization, uneven medium-stage alcoholization quality and quick degradation of later-stage alcoholization quality in the alcoholization process of the Henan tobacco leaves by aiming at the quality characteristics of the Henan tobacco leaves through the change rule of the quality of the tobacco leaves in the alcoholization process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco leaf storage, and particularly relates to a fast alcoholization control method for Henan tobacco leaves.
Background
The original tobacco and the new tobacco produced in Henan without fermentation treatment not only have unsatisfactory color, but also have the defects of green and local offensive odor, rough taste, large irritation, bitter, spicy, astringent and the like especially for low-grade tobacco.
The application direction of the Henan strong-flavor tobacco leaves in products mainly aims at improving the support of aroma and the fullness and coordination degree of smoke, and improving the mellowness and satisfaction of the aroma. In the sensory evaluation results in recent years, the problem that the Henan strong-flavor style is not outstanding is increasingly highlighted, and the flavor of the normally produced tobacco leaves tends to be converted to middle flavor because the normally produced tobacco leaves are excessively pursued to be high in yield and easy to bake, and the aroma components of the tobacco leaves are not sufficiently formed and converted. Therefore, the sense quality improvement of the strong-flavor tobacco leaves shows the strong-flavor style of the Henan tobacco leaves, improves the maturity, the tobacco flavor and the smoke concentration, effectively reduces the green-producing smell of the tobacco leaves, and is the most urgent task for improving the quality of the Henan tobacco leaves. The method has the advantages that the maturity of the cured tobacco in Henan is not enough, the leaves are thick, chemical components are not coordinated, miscellaneous gas is heavy and the like, so that the alcoholization of the tobacco leaves is greatly influenced, and the specific manifestations are that the alcoholization effect of the tobacco leaves is not obvious and the alcoholization difficulty is high; on the other hand, the tobacco mellowing time is long, and the optimal mellowing state period is short.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a Henan tobacco leaf rapid alcoholization control method, which solves the problems of insufficient early alcoholization, uneven medium alcoholization quality and rapid degradation of late alcoholization quality in the alcoholization process of tobacco leaves produced in Henan aiming at the quality characteristics of the Henan tobacco leaves through the change rule of the tobacco leaf quality in the alcoholization process.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a Henan tobacco leaf rapid alcoholization control method comprises the following steps:
s1, quick reaction stage of biological compound enzyme
Treating threshed and redried tobacco leaves by using a biological compound enzyme preparation consisting of alpha-amylase, cellulase and glucoamylase, and determining the optimal action condition of the biological compound enzyme preparation in tobacco leaf alcoholization treatment on the basis of comparing with natural alcoholization;
s2, natural alcoholization and homogenization of tobacco flakes
Alcoholizing the tobacco leaves cultured for 30 days in the step S1 for 12-18 months under the conditions that the temperature is 20-24 ℃ and the relative humidity is 55-65%;
s3, quality guarantee stage of cave depot
And (4) alcoholizing the tobacco leaves alcoholized in the step S2 for 18-24 months under the conditions that the temperature is 12-16 ℃ and the relative humidity is 40-50%.
Preferably, an optimal ratio determination step of alpha-amylase, cellulase and glucoamylase is further included before step S1.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the alpha-amylase, the cellulase and the saccharifying enzyme is 1: 1:1, the volume percentage concentration of all enzymes in the biological compound enzyme preparation is 0.5%.
Preferably, the method for determining the optimal action condition of the biological complex enzyme preparation in the tobacco mellowing treatment comprises the following steps:
1) determining the proportion of alpha-amylase, cellulase and glucoamylase in the biological complex enzyme preparation to be 1: 1:1, the volume percentage concentration of all enzymes in the biological compound enzyme preparation is 0.5 percent;
2) determination of alcoholization temperature:
adopting a single factor method, keeping humidity and culture time unchanged, setting N temperature gradients within the range of 25-40 ℃, wherein N is a natural number more than or equal to 3, and determining the optimal temperature of the biological complex enzyme preparation in tobacco mellowing treatment;
3) determination of the humidity in the alcoholization treatment:
adopting a single-factor method, using the temperature determined in the step 2), keeping the culture time constant, setting M humidity gradients in the range of humidity of 50% -80%, wherein M is a natural number more than or equal to 3, and determining the optimal humidity of the biological complex enzyme preparation in tobacco mellowing treatment;
4) determination of optimal incubation time in alcoholization treatment:
setting H time points within the range of 1-60 days by using the determined temperature and humidity, wherein H is a natural number more than or equal to 3, and determining the optimal culture time;
5) determining the addition amount of the biological complex enzyme preparation:
under the condition that the temperature, the humidity and the culture time are determined, the biological complex enzyme preparation is applied to the tobacco leaves according to a set proportion, P adding amounts are set within the range of 5-100 ml applied to each cubic meter of tobacco leaves, wherein P is a natural number which is more than or equal to 3, each adding amount is divided into three adding amounts, and the optimal adding amount is determined.
Preferably, the culture temperature is 30 ℃, the culture humidity is 60%, the culture time is 30 days, and the addition amount of the biological complex enzyme preparation is 10ml/m3Wherein the activities of the alpha-amylase, the cellulase and the glucoamylase are respectively 8U/ml, 800U/ml and 100U/ml.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention uses a biological compound enzyme preparation consisting of alpha-amylase, cellulase and saccharifying enzyme to treat threshed and redried tobacco leaves, and solves the problems of insufficient early-stage alcoholization, uneven medium-stage alcoholization quality and quick degradation of later-stage alcoholization quality in the alcoholization process of the Henan tobacco leaves by aiming at the quality characteristics of the Henan tobacco leaves through the change rule of the quality of the tobacco leaves in the alcoholization process.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below by examples, and the following examples are only exemplary and can be used only for explaining and explaining the technical solutions of the present invention, but not construed as limiting the technical solutions of the present invention.
Before the rapid alcoholization regulation and control method is carried out, firstly, the relation among the mass ratios of alpha-amylase, cellulase and glucoamylase is determined, and particularly, under the condition that other conditions are not changed, the mass ratio of the enzymes in the biological compound enzyme preparation is obtained through evaluation after the proportional relation of the enzymes is changed and the threshed and redried tobacco leaves are treated, wherein in the application, the mass ratio of the alpha-amylase, the cellulase and the glucoamylase in the biological compound enzyme is 1: 1:1, the volume percentage concentration of all enzymes in the biological complex enzyme preparation is 0.5%, which means the percentage concentration of three enzymes forming the biological complex enzyme preparation after being dissolved in a diluent for dilution.
The application provides a Henan tobacco leaf rapid alcoholization control method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, quick reaction stage of biological compound enzyme
Treating threshed and redried tobacco leaves by using a biological compound enzyme preparation consisting of alpha-amylase, cellulase and glucoamylase, and determining the optimal action condition of the biological compound enzyme preparation in tobacco leaf alcoholization treatment on the basis of comparing with natural alcoholization; in the application, the tobacco leaves are produced in Henan, and a plurality of groups of threshed and redried tobacco leaves are selected and treated by using the biological complex enzyme preparation in the same batch, and meanwhile, one or more groups of tobacco leaves are selected from the batch of tobacco leaves and are not treated by using the biological complex enzyme preparation to serve as a control group of the technical scheme.
The method for determining the optimal action condition of the biological complex enzyme preparation in the tobacco mellowing treatment comprises the following steps:
1) determining the proportion of alpha-amylase, cellulase and glucoamylase in the biological complex enzyme preparation to be 1: 1:1, the volume percentage concentration of all enzymes in the biological compound enzyme preparation is 0.5%.
2) Determination of alcoholization temperature:
adopting a single-factor method, keeping the humidity and the culture time unchanged, setting four temperature gradients of 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃ and 40 ℃ respectively in the range of 25 ℃ to 40 ℃, and determining the optimal temperature of the biological complex enzyme preparation in the tobacco mellowing treatment.
3) Determination of the humidity in the alcoholization treatment:
adopting a single-factor method, using the temperature determined in the step 2), keeping the culture time for 24h unchanged, setting 3 humidity gradients in the range of humidity 50% -80%, respectively 60%, 70% and 80%, and determining the optimal humidity of the biological complex enzyme preparation in the tobacco mellowing treatment.
4) Determination of optimal incubation time in alcoholization treatment:
using the determined temperature and humidity, setting five time points of 1d, 7d, 15d, 21d and 30d in the range of 1-60 days to determine the optimal culture time.
5) Determining the addition amount of the biological complex enzyme preparation:
under the condition that the temperature, the humidity and the culture time are determined, the biological complex enzyme preparation is applied to the tobacco leaves according to a set proportion, five addition amounts are set within the range of 5-100 ml applied to each cubic meter of tobacco leaves, each addition amount is divided into three addition amounts, and the optimal addition amount is determined.
By measurement, at a constant temperature of 30 ℃ the relative humidity is 55% to 65%, the storage time is 30d, the optimum range is 30 ℃ the incubation temperature is 30 ℃, the incubation humidity is 60%, the incubation time is 30d, and the enzyme addition amount is 10ml/m3The activity concentrations of the alpha-amylase, the cellulase and the glucoamylase are respectively 8U/ml, 800U/ml and 100U/m, and the best effect is achieved.
S2, natural alcoholization and homogenization of tobacco flakes
And (4) alcoholizing the tobacco leaves cultured for 30 days in the step S1 for 12-18 months under the conditions that the temperature is 20-24 ℃ and the relative humidity is 55-65%. The process is mainly used for homogenizing the quality of the same batch and different cargo spaces of the Henan tobacco flake storage modules. The industrial availability of the Henan tobacco leaves is reduced due to the defects of rich contents, compact tissues, over-thick leaves, high irritation and the like, and the homogenization and alcoholization are adopted to promote the upper tobacco leaves to further reduce the total alkaloid content (increase the ratio of sugar to alkali) and reduce the irritation of smoke, so that the method becomes one of important means for improving the industrial availability. Because the quality of the redried strip tobacco of the same batch is slightly different, the stability of the cigarette product is influenced. And the quality of the stored tobacco flakes does not reach a high point, and the alcoholization quality of the tobacco flakes in Henan of the same batch is approximately the same and at the highest level, so that the tobacco flakes are beneficial to processing and using of cigarettes in later period.
S3, quality guarantee stage of cave depot
And (4) alcoholizing the tobacco leaves alcoholized in the step S2 at the temperature of 12-16 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40-50% for 18-24 months until the tobacco leaves are industrially used and the temperature and humidity conditions are kept in the cave depot. The Henan tobacco leaf alcoholization time is long, and the optimal alcoholization state period is short. The Henan tobacco leaf is mainly stored in the optimum state in the process. After 24 months, transferring the tobacco leaves to a cave depot for cave storage and alcoholization, and monitoring the annual average temperature of the cave depot: the temperature is 12-16 ℃, the relative humidity is 40-50%, and the product is stored until being put into industrial use. The pesticide is matched with a certain pesticide for use, and the quality-guaranteeing and storage tasks are completed while a certain pesticide effect is achieved.
The technical scheme of the application uses a special warehouse for storage, and takes natural alcoholization as a control example, and the tobacco leaves and the naturally alcoholized tobacco leaves of the technical scheme are respectively sampled in the whole regulation and control period, wherein the biological complex enzyme fast reaction stage samples for 4 times, samples are taken once every 7 days, samples are taken once every 3 months in other stages, samples are randomly taken at the alcoholization time of 0-30 months, 2kg is taken every time, 2kg of the control sample is taken at the same time, the sample is placed in a low-temperature refrigerator for storage at (-10 ℃), and chemical component determination and sensory quality evaluation are carried out after the test is finished; when the appearance quality is evaluated, the field is sampled for evaluation, and the evaluation record is reserved.
And the appearance quality evaluation adopts a visual inspection dividing mode to qualitatively evaluate indexes of each sample. Including color, oil, fullness, uniformity, brightness, and aroma. Wherein, the colors are divided into eight grades of light yellow, native yellow, normal yellow, golden yellow, dark yellow, light orange, orange and red brown; the oil content is divided into more, some, slightly less and less, and the four grades are totally adopted; the full degree is full, full and under full, and the three grades are total; the uniformity is divided into three grades of uniformity, uniform uniformity and flower slices; the brightness is divided into four grades of brightness, bright, slightly dark and dark; smelling the fragrance is divided into sour thorn, mellow fragrance, original fragrance and fresh green.
Examples
A rapid alcoholization regulating and controlling method for the quality of tobacco leaves produced in Henan comprises the following steps:
1) test materials
The experiment started at 3 months in 2016 and the sample was C3F from Schchang county, Henan.
The test site is arranged in a warehouse of a Xinzheng cigarette factory in Henan, and the storage and natural alcoholization are carried out in a special warehouse in Henan, wherein the contrast is natural alcoholization. Sampling every 3 months, randomly sampling at alcoholization time of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 months, sampling 2kg each time, simultaneously sampling 2kg of a control sample, storing in a low-temperature refrigerator at (-10 ℃), and performing chemical component determination and sensory quality evaluation after the test; when the appearance evaluation is carried out, the field sampling is carried out for evaluation, and the evaluation record is reserved.
The culture temperature of the biological compound enzyme preparation is 30 ℃, the culture humidity is 60%, the culture time is 30 days, and the addition amount of the biological compound enzyme preparation is 10ml/m3Wherein the activities of the alpha-amylase, the cellulase and the glucoamylase are respectively 8U/ml, 800U/ml and 100U/ml.
2) Test method
And the appearance measurement adopts a visual inspection dividing mode to perform qualitative evaluation on each sample index. Including color, oil, fullness, uniformity, brightness, and aroma. Wherein the color is divided into eight grades of light yellow, earthy yellow, normal yellow, golden yellow, dark yellow, light orange red, orange red and red brown; the oil is divided into more, some, slightly and less, and the four grades are totally adopted; full, full and under full are divided into three grades; evenly dividing, evenly mixing and slicing; the brightness is divided into four grades of brightness, brightness and slight darkness; smelling the fragrance is divided into sour thorn, mellow fragrance, natural fragrance and raw green.
Sensory evaluation method aroma characteristics: quality, volume, fullness, and miscellaneous odor of aroma; flue gas characteristics: concentration, strength, fineness and conglomeration; mouthfeel characteristics: irritation, cleanliness, dryness, sweetness; industrial applicability.
The sensory quality evaluation method is adopted to evaluate the sensory quality of a tobacco sample by 11 professional smoke evaluators in the tobacco technology center in the south of the river according to the 'YC/T138-1988 tobacco and tobacco product sensory evaluation method', the sensory quality is shown in a table 1 and a table 2, each index is evaluated and quantified by 9 grades, and the smoke evaluation contents are respectively graded according to 10 indexes of strong flavor display, aroma quality, aroma quantity, concentration, flexibility and fineness, aftertaste, miscellaneous gas, irritation, combustibility, gray color and the like.
TABLE 1 sensory evaluation index assignment Standard
TABLE 2 weight coefficients of various sensory indices
Note: total sensory score (T) ═ a + B × 2.0+ (C + D) × 1.5+ E + F + G + H.
The definition of the three-stage alcoholization period comprises the following steps:
and screening out an optimal regulation and control scheme of an alcoholization period by evaluating the appearance quality, sensory quality and physical characteristics of the roasted tobacco leaves.
(I) appearance quality
The appearance quality evaluation adopts a visual inspection dividing mode, and indexes comprise color, oil content, plumpness, uniformity, brightness and smelling fragrance, which are shown in a table 3.
(I) appearance quality
The appearance quality evaluation adopts a visual inspection dividing mode, and indexes comprise color, oil content, plumpness, uniformity, brightness and smelling fragrance, which are shown in a table 3.
TABLE 3 Change in appearance quality during alcoholization
As can be seen from Table 3, the Henan tobacco leaves are naturally alcoholized for 24 months, the oil-wet feeling is strong, the fullness, the uniformity and the brightness are all the best, the mellow expression is realized, the color of the tobacco flakes begins to develop to brown, the luster is slightly dark, and the uniformity and the saturation begin to decrease; in Henan ladder alcoholization, color deepening is faster than natural alcoholization for 3 months, oil content, plumpness, uniformity and brightness are faster than natural alcoholization, alcoholization is continued, all appearance indexes show no obvious change, and the ladder alcoholization quality guarantee effect is more obvious.
(II) sensory quality
The sensory quality evaluation indexes include aroma quality, aroma amount, concentration, softness and fineness, aftertaste, miscellaneous gas, irritation and strength.
Specific sensory quality evaluation:
and evaluating the sensory quality of the spraying treatment by a member of the evaluation committee by adopting a sensory evaluation method, wherein each sensory index item is evaluated according to 9 points, and the total sensory score is the sum of the actual score multiplied by the weight of each item. Wherein each index is fragrance quality, fragrance amount, concentration, softness and fineness, aftertaste, miscellaneous gas, irritation and strength.
The total score calculation formula of the sensory quality evaluation is as follows:
t ═ a + B × 2.0+ (C + D) × 1.5+ E + F + G + H, where T is the total score of sensory quality evaluation, a is the scent quality score, B is the scent amount score, C is the concentration score, D is the fineness score, E is the aftertaste score, F is the miscellaneous gas score, G is the irritation score, H is the strength score, and the sensory quality evaluation results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 sensory quality evaluation Table
As can be seen from table 4, in the first 9 months, the sensory quality scores of the two modes are approximately the same, from 9 months to 30 months, the sensory quality score of the sample obtained by the step alcoholization is obviously higher than the natural alcoholization sensory quality score, and from 18 months to 30 months, the natural alcoholization sensory quality score is more obviously reduced, which shows that the step alcoholization quality maintaining effect of the technology is better than that of the traditional natural alcoholization.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A Henan tobacco leaf rapid alcoholization control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, quick reaction stage of biological compound enzyme
Treating threshed and redried tobacco leaves by using a biological compound enzyme preparation consisting of alpha-amylase, cellulase and glucoamylase, and determining the optimal action condition of the biological compound enzyme preparation in tobacco leaf alcoholization treatment on the basis of comparing with natural alcoholization;
s2, natural alcoholization and homogenization of tobacco flakes
Alcoholizing the tobacco leaves cultured for 30 days in the step S1 for 12-18 months under the conditions that the temperature is 20-24 ℃ and the relative humidity is 55-65%;
s3, quality guarantee stage of cave depot
And (4) alcoholizing the tobacco leaves alcoholized in the step S2 for 18-24 months under the conditions that the temperature is 12-16 ℃ and the relative humidity is 40-50%.
2. The Henan tobacco rapid alcoholization controlling method according to claim 1, further comprising an optimal ratio determination step of α -amylase, cellulase and saccharifying enzyme before step S1.
3. The Henan tobacco leaf rapid alcoholization regulating and controlling method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the alpha-amylase, the cellulase and the saccharifying enzyme is 1: 1:1, the volume percentage concentration of all enzymes in the biological compound enzyme preparation is 0.5%.
4. The Henan tobacco leaf rapid alcoholization control method according to claim 1, wherein the method for determining the optimal action condition of the biological complex enzyme preparation in the tobacco leaf alcoholization treatment comprises the following steps:
1) determining the proportion of alpha-amylase, cellulase and glucoamylase in the biological complex enzyme preparation to be 1: 1:1, the volume percentage concentration of all enzymes in the biological compound enzyme preparation is 0.5 percent;
2) determination of alcoholization temperature:
adopting a single factor method, keeping humidity and culture time unchanged, setting N temperature gradients within the range of 25-40 ℃, wherein N is a natural number more than or equal to 3, and determining the optimal temperature of the biological complex enzyme preparation in tobacco mellowing treatment;
3) determination of the humidity in the alcoholization treatment:
adopting a single-factor method, using the temperature determined in the step 2), keeping the culture time constant, setting M humidity gradients in the range of humidity of 50% -80%, wherein M is a natural number more than or equal to 3, and determining the optimal humidity of the biological complex enzyme preparation in tobacco mellowing treatment;
4) determination of optimal incubation time in alcoholization treatment:
setting H time points within the range of 1-60 days by using the determined temperature and humidity, wherein H is a natural number more than or equal to 3, and determining the optimal culture time;
5) determining the addition amount of the biological complex enzyme preparation:
under the condition that the temperature, the humidity and the culture time are determined, the biological complex enzyme preparation is applied to the tobacco leaves according to a set proportion, P adding amounts are set within the range of 5-100 ml applied to each cubic meter of tobacco leaves, wherein P is a natural number which is more than or equal to 3, each adding amount is divided into three adding amounts, and the optimal adding amount is determined.
5. The Henan tobacco leaf rapid alcoholization control method according to claim 4, wherein the culturing temperature is 30 ℃, the culturing humidity is 60%, the culturing time is 30 days, and the adding amount of the biological complex enzyme preparation is 10ml/m3Wherein the activities of the alpha-amylase, the cellulase and the glucoamylase are respectively 8U/ml, 800U/ml and 100U/ml.
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| CN115053981A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-09-16 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Method for improving quality of heated non-combustible cigarettes by pretreating tobacco leaves with biological enzyme |
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