CN115226929B - Seasonal cigar tobacco leaf biological medium fermentation method - Google Patents
Seasonal cigar tobacco leaf biological medium fermentation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115226929B CN115226929B CN202210896303.0A CN202210896303A CN115226929B CN 115226929 B CN115226929 B CN 115226929B CN 202210896303 A CN202210896303 A CN 202210896303A CN 115226929 B CN115226929 B CN 115226929B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/20—Biochemical treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a seasonal cigar tobacco leaf biological medium fermentation method which has different influences on a room based on different external temperature and humidity in four seasons, namely spring, summer, autumn and winter, adjusts the indoor fermentation temperature and humidity according to seasonal climate change, and is supplemented with different fermentation biological media in all seasons for fermentation, so that the quality of tobacco leaves is controlled more accurately, and a new higher-quality and refined fermentation mode is realized. Compared with other fermentation modes, the fermentation mode provided by the invention can promote the substances in the tobacco leaves to generate a series of biochemical changes by using microbial communities in different seasons in the fermentation process, so that the special tastes in different seasons are obtained, the fermentation treatment can be performed on the cigar tobacco leaves in a targeted manner, and the tobacco leaf taste-absorbing sense with clear four seasons is shaped.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco processing, in particular to a seasonal cigar tobacco leaf biological medium fermentation method.
Background
The cigar is a type of cigarette product, the traditional concept refers to a cigarette product formed by rolling the whole cigarette by using tobacco leaves, and the cigarette quality is characterized by having a typical cigar flavor, not only having strong taste and strength, but also having a strong cigar aroma characteristic. The tobacco leaves of the rolled cigars can be classified into a jacket, a sleeve and a core according to their use in products, and are also called as outer wrappers, inner wrappers and core leaves in China. Generally, one cigar can produce 3 tobacco leaves of cigar coat, cigar sleeve and cigar core. However, in order to improve the quality of tobacco leaves and facilitate the field management of tobacco plants, the eggplant coats are planted separately, the eggplant sheaths and the eggplant cores are planted in the same plant, and the tobacco leaves which are thinner and complete are selected to serve as the eggplant sheaths. The unfermented tobacco leaves not only contain green miscellaneous gas, soil miscellaneous gas and wood gas, but also have rough smoke and large irritation. The fermented tobacco leaves contain less green, green miscellaneous gas and soil miscellaneous gas basically disappear, the irritation is small, the smoke is fine and smooth, the elasticity of the tobacco leaves is enhanced, and the combustibility is enhanced.
The tobacco fermentation refers to a process of aging under artificial strengthening conditions or natural conditions after baking and redrying. The process makes the tobacco content produce a series of chemical and biochemical changes, reduces some quality defects of the original tobacco, makes the tobacco fragrance more visible, and obviously enhances the smoking quality.
The traditional fermentation mode of cigars is extensive, and the most common fermentation mode in production areas is a stacking fermentation method, which is also a basic fermentation method. The existing fermentation conditions are usually fixed in the fermentation temperature and humidity range, and the mode of adjusting according to season change and climate conditions is not adopted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a seasonal cigar tobacco leaf biological medium fermentation method, which has different influences on a room based on the difference of external temperature and humidity in four seasons, namely spring, summer, autumn and winter, adjusts the indoor fermentation temperature and humidity according to seasonal climate change, and is supplemented with different fermentation biological media in different seasons for fermentation, so that the quality of the cigar leaves is controlled more accurately, and a new higher-quality and refined fermentation mode is realized.
According to the method, different process treatments are carried out in four seasons of one year, the cigar tobacco leaves are subjected to fermentation treatment in a targeted manner, and the taste-absorbing sense of the tobacco leaves which are clear in four seasons is shaped;
the invention achieves the above purpose through the following technical scheme:
a seasonal cigar tobacco biological medium fermentation method comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a spring fermentation biological medium: the mexicana core material is crushed into tobacco powder, and mixed with 10% glucose solution according to the ratio of 3:1 proportion, placing the mixture in a shaking table at 37 ℃ and 120r/min for culturing for 12 hours, taking out the culture solution, centrifuging the culture solution by using a high-speed centrifuge, and taking the supernatant as a fermentation biological medium for later use.
S11: and (3) spring fermentation: the spring fermentation biological medium is uniformly sprayed on the tobacco leaves, and each piece of tobacco leaves is optimally required to be completely covered with a layer of water film without dripping. Stacking according to a conventional fermentation stacking mode, and fermenting for more than 80 days in a fermentation chamber at the temperature of 32 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity of 75 +/-3%.
S2: preparation of summer fermentation biological medium: the dominica solanum centre material is crushed into tobacco powder and mixed with 10% glucose solution according to the weight ratio of 3:1 proportion, placing the mixture in a shaking table at 37 ℃ and 120r/min for culturing for 12 hours, taking out the culture solution, centrifuging the culture solution by using a high-speed centrifuge, and taking the supernatant as a fermentation biological medium for later use.
S21: fermenting in summer: the summer fermentation biological medium is uniformly sprayed on the tobacco leaves, and each piece of tobacco leaves is optimally required to be completely covered with a layer of water film without dripping. Stacking according to a conventional fermentation stacking mode, and fermenting for more than 90 days in a fermentation chamber at the temperature of 30 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity of 70 +/-3%.
S3: preparing a fermentation biological medium in autumn: crushing the Brazilian eggplant core material into tobacco powder, mixing the tobacco powder with 20% glucose solution according to the proportion of 3:1, placing the mixture in a shaker at 37 ℃ and 120r/min for culturing for 12h, taking out the culture solution, centrifuging the culture solution by using a high-speed centrifuge, and taking the supernatant as a fermentation biological medium for later use.
S31: fermenting in autumn: the autumn fermentation biological medium is uniformly sprayed on the tobacco leaves, and each piece of tobacco leaves is required to be completely covered with a water film without dripping water. Stacking according to a conventional fermentation stacking mode, and fermenting for more than 80 days in a fermentation chamber at the temperature of 32 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity of 75 +/-3%.
S4: preparing a winter fermentation biological medium: crushing the Indonesia core material into tobacco powder, mixing with 20% glucose solution according to the weight ratio of 3:1, placing the mixture in a shaker at 37 ℃ and 120r/min for culturing for 12h, taking out the culture solution, centrifuging the culture solution by using a high-speed centrifuge, and taking the supernatant as a fermentation biological medium for later use.
S41: fermenting in winter: the winter fermentation biological medium is uniformly sprayed on the tobacco leaves, and each piece of tobacco leaves is optimally required to be completely covered with a water film without dripping. Stacking according to a conventional fermentation stacking mode, and fermenting for more than 70 days at the temperature of 35 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity of 80 +/-3 percent in a fermentation chamber.
The invention starts from four seasonal product tastes, and the melxican eggplant core material mainly increases the mellow and sweet feeling; the domino and eggplant core has increased sweetness, improved aftertaste, and reduced irritation and foreign gas; the Brazilian eggplant core can supplement the cigarette fragrance; the Indonesia core enriches the tobacco fragrance, increases the smoke concentration and improves the richness of the fragrance.
The glucose can be beneficial to the growth of microorganisms and provide a basic substrate for the fermentation of tobacco leaves, and aerobic bacteria are cultured by a shaking table. Glucose and amino acid can generate various fragrant substances such as acid ketone aldehyde and the like through Maillard reaction to coordinate the tobacco fragrance, increase the fragrance concentration and cover up miscellaneous gas generated by other substances; in addition, the sugar which is not completely reacted in the combustion process of the cigarette can be directly transferred into the main stream smoke, so that sweet and aftertaste mouthfeel is brought.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with other fermentation modes, the fermentation mode provided by the invention can promote the substances in the tobacco leaves to generate a series of biochemical changes by using microbial communities in different seasons in the fermentation process, so that the special tastes in different seasons are obtained, the fermentation treatment can be performed on the cigar tobacco leaves in a targeted manner, and the tobacco leaf taste-absorbing sense with clear four seasons is shaped.
2. Effectively improves the smoking quality and the interest of the tobacco leaves, and relieves the problems of easy feeding, big strength, big smoke residue and the like.
3. The fermentation method provided by the invention can properly reduce the identity thickness of the tobacco leaves, increase the toughness of the skin of the tobacco leaves, increase the oil content, enhance the smoking property, and ensure more stable combustion and more uniform color. The purposes of improving the internal quality of the tobacco leaves and improving the industrial availability are achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the embodiments or the drawings needed to be practical in the prior art description, and obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an unfermented cigar leaf;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of cigar leaves after fermentation;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the cigar product after fermentation;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Step 1: crushing 9kg of solanum mexicanum core material into tobacco powder, uniformly mixing the tobacco powder with 3kg of 10% glucose solution, placing the mixture in a shaking table at 37 ℃ and 120r/min for constant-temperature culture for 12h, taking out culture solution, centrifuging by using a 20000r/min high-speed centrifuge, and taking supernatant as a spring season type fermentation biological medium for later use.
Step 2: the spring fermentation biological medium is uniformly sprayed on the tobacco leaves, and each piece of tobacco leaves is optimally required to be completely covered with a layer of water film without dripping. Stacking into 3m × 1.2m × 1.5m by conventional fermentation stacking method, and fermenting at 32 deg.C and 75% humidity for 80 days in a fermentation chamber.
FIG. 1 is an untreated tobacco leaf, which is darker in color as can be seen;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the fermented tobacco leaves, which are lighter in color and have increased oil content;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a cigar product prepared using fermented tobacco leaves; and smoking sensory quality evaluation is carried out, and the specific results are shown in table 1;
example 2
Step 1: pulverizing 9kg of dominoea mandshurica core material into tobacco powder, uniformly mixing with 3kg of 10% glucose solution, placing in a shaking table at 37 ℃ and 120r/min for constant-temperature culture for 12h, taking out the culture solution, centrifuging by using a 20000r/min high-speed centrifuge, and taking the supernatant as a summer seasonal fermentation biological medium for later use.
And 2, step: the summer fermentation biological medium is uniformly sprayed on the tobacco leaves, and each piece of tobacco leaves is optimally required to be completely covered with a layer of water film without dripping. Stacking into 3m × 1.2m × 1.5m according to a conventional fermentation stacking mode, and fermenting for 90d at the temperature of 30 ℃ and the humidity of 70% in a fermentation chamber.
Example 3
Step 1: crushing 9kg of Brazilian eggplant core material into tobacco powder, uniformly mixing the tobacco powder with 3kg of 20% glucose solution, placing the mixture in a shaking table at 37 ℃ and 120r/min for constant-temperature culture for 12h, taking out culture solution, centrifuging the culture solution by using a 20000r/min high-speed centrifuge, and taking supernatant as a autumn seasonal fermentation biological medium for later use.
Step 2: the autumn fermentation biological medium is uniformly sprayed on the tobacco leaves, and each piece of tobacco leaves is required to be completely covered with a water film without dripping water. Stacking into 3m x 1.2m x 1.5m by conventional fermentation stacking, and fermenting at 32 deg.C and 75% humidity for 80d in fermentation chamber.
Example 4
Step 1: crushing 9kg of Indonesia solanaceous core material into tobacco powder, uniformly mixing the tobacco powder with 3kg of 20% glucose solution, placing the mixture in a shaking table at 37 ℃ and 120r/min for constant-temperature culture for 12h, taking out culture solution, centrifuging by using a 20000r/min high-speed centrifuge, and taking supernatant as a winter season type fermentation biological medium for later use.
And 2, step: the winter fermentation biological medium is uniformly sprayed on the tobacco leaves, and each piece of tobacco leaves is optimally required to be completely covered with a water film without dripping. Stacking into 3m × 1.2m × 1.5m according to a conventional fermentation stacking mode, and fermenting for 70d at 35 ℃ and 80% humidity in a fermentation chamber.
The sensory quality of each season type fermentation material was compared, and the results are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1 raw material sensory quality results
Note: the score ranged from 1-10 from low to high.
As can be seen from the table, the fermentation method provided by the invention can obtain the special taste in different seasons, and can be used for performing fermentation treatment on the cigar tobacco leaves in a targeted manner, so that the tobacco leaf taste-absorbing sense which is clear in four seasons is formed.
Effectively improves the smoking quality and the interest of the tobacco leaves, and relieves the problems of easy feeding, big strength, big smoke residue and the like.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims. It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A seasonal cigar tobacco biological medium fermentation method is characterized in that the cigar tobacco is subjected to fermentation treatment in a targeted manner by carrying out different process treatments in four seasons of the year, and the tobacco taste-absorbing sense which is clear in four seasons is shaped;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a spring fermentation biological medium: the mexican eggplant center material is crushed into tobacco powder, and the tobacco powder and 10% glucose solution are mixed according to the proportion of 3:1, placing the mixture in a shaking table at 37 ℃ and 120r/min for culturing for 12 hours, taking out a culture solution, centrifuging the culture solution by using a high-speed centrifuge, and taking supernatant as a fermentation biological medium for later use;
s11: and (3) spring fermentation: uniformly spraying a spring fermentation biological medium on tobacco leaves, completely covering each tobacco leaf with a layer of water film without dripping, stacking according to a conventional fermentation stacking mode, and fermenting for more than 80 days at the temperature of 32 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity of 75 +/-3 percent in a fermentation chamber;
s2: preparation of summer fermentation biological medium: the dominica solanum centre material is crushed into tobacco powder and mixed with 10% glucose solution according to the weight ratio of 3:1, placing the mixture in a shaking table at 37 ℃ and 120r/min for culturing for 12 hours, taking out a culture solution, centrifuging the culture solution by using a high-speed centrifuge, and taking supernatant as a fermentation biological medium for later use;
s21: fermenting in summer: uniformly spraying a summer fermentation biological medium on tobacco leaves, completely covering each tobacco leaf with a layer of water film without dripping, stacking according to a conventional fermentation stacking mode, and fermenting for more than 90 days at the temperature of 30 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity of 70 +/-3% in a fermentation chamber;
s3: preparing a fermentation biological medium in autumn: the carnauba core material is crushed into tobacco powder, and the mixture is mixed with 20% glucose solution according to the weight ratio of 3:1, placing the mixture in a shaking table at 37 ℃ and 120r/min for culturing for 12 hours, taking out a culture solution, centrifuging the culture solution by using a high-speed centrifuge, and taking supernatant as a fermentation biological medium for later use;
s31: fermenting in autumn: uniformly spraying autumn fermentation biological media on tobacco leaves, completely covering each tobacco leaf with a layer of water film without dripping, stacking according to a conventional fermentation stacking mode, and fermenting for more than 80 days at the temperature of 32 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity of 75 +/-3% in a fermentation chamber;
s4: preparation of winter fermentation biological medium: crushing the Indonesia core material into tobacco powder, mixing with 20% glucose solution according to the weight ratio of 3:1, placing the mixture in a shaking table at 37 ℃ and 120r/min for culturing for 12 hours, taking out a culture solution, centrifuging the culture solution by using a high-speed centrifuge, and taking supernatant as a fermentation biological medium for later use;
s41: fermenting in winter: uniformly spraying winter fermentation biological medium on tobacco leaves, completely covering each tobacco leaf with a layer of water film without dripping, stacking according to conventional fermentation stacking manner, and fermenting at 35 + -2 deg.C and humidity 80 + -3% in a fermentation chamber for over 70d.
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| ATE546517T1 (en) * | 2004-08-09 | 2012-03-15 | Kaken Pharma Co Ltd | NEW STRAINS BELONGING TO THE GENUS PAENIBACILLUS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING PLANT DISEASES USING THESE STRAINS OR A CULTURE THEREOF |
| CN103202533B (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2014-11-19 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Complex microbial preparation for quickening tobacco aging and improving tobacco quality and application thereof |
| US9918492B2 (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2018-03-20 | R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Treatment of tobacco |
| CN110122920A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-08-16 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | A method of utilizing microbial flora fermentation process cigar tobacco |
| CN110693075B (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2021-10-08 | 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 | Four-stage fermentation method of cigar core tobacco leaves |
| CN110810902A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-21 | 四川中烟工业有限责任公司 | Tobacco leaf fermentation method for improving taste of cigar |
| CN110833205B (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2021-08-31 | 四川中烟工业有限责任公司 | Three-stage temperature-changing fermentation method for improving taste of leaf type cigars |
| CN113308384B (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2022-08-19 | 四川中烟工业有限责任公司 | Cordyceps sinensis strain and application thereof |
| CN113598401B (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2023-05-26 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for improving intrinsic quality of Indonesia cigar tobacco leaves |
| CN113907403A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-01-11 | 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司 | Preparation method of cigar tobacco agricultural fermentation auxiliary agent and agricultural fermentation method |
| CN114747797A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-07-15 | 四川中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for directionally promoting sugar conversion of cigar by utilizing biological fermentation quality-enhancing agent |
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