CN110495630B - Treatment method of air-washed tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Treatment method of air-washed tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN110495630B CN110495630B CN201910723144.2A CN201910723144A CN110495630B CN 110495630 B CN110495630 B CN 110495630B CN 201910723144 A CN201910723144 A CN 201910723144A CN 110495630 B CN110495630 B CN 110495630B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/04—Humidifying or drying tobacco bunches or cut tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/10—Roasting or cooling tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B5/00—Stripping tobacco; Treatment of stems or ribs
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating air-washed tobacco leaves, which comprises the following steps: at least two times of moisture regain treatment, the first time of moisture regain treatment, the vacuum degree is 1300pa, humidification spraying is carried out, the environmental temperature is less than or equal to 42 ℃, and the temperature is kept for at least 30 s; performing secondary moisture regaining treatment, wherein the vacuum degree is 1100pa, and humidifying and spraying are performed, the ambient temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃, and the temperature is kept for at least 25 s; after the first moistening treatment, the tobacco leaf temperature is 55-65 ℃, and the water content is 17-19%; after the second wetting treatment, the temperature of the tobacco leaves is 60-70 ℃, and the water content is 20-22%; threshing; the redrying treatment at least comprises three temperature intervals, wherein the first temperature interval is 70 +/-2 ℃, the second temperature interval is 85 +/-2 ℃, and the third temperature interval is 40 +/-2 ℃. The treatment method of the air-washed tobacco leaves can reduce the total number of microbial colonies of the air-washed tobacco leaves, and the chemical components of the air-washed tobacco leaves after alcoholization are more coordinated, thereby obviously improving the sensory quality of the air-washed tobacco leaves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tobacco preparation, in particular to a method for treating air-washed tobacco leaves.
Background
The tobacco leaves are commodities with high economic value, and the artificial fermentation or natural alcoholization of the tobacco leaves plays an important role in improving the quality and the usability of the tobacco leaves. The tobacco leaves have long natural alcoholization storage period, and once the conditions are proper, the tobacco leaves are easy to breed various microorganisms and go moldy in the storage process due to the fact that the tobacco leaves have strong hygroscopicity and contain various nutrient substances such as sugar, protein, organic acid, chlorophyll, carotene and the like required by the growth of the microorganisms.
During the storage process, for example, the tobacco leaves can be heated due to overhigh environmental temperature, the mildew starts to move, the moisture of the tobacco leaves and the package temperature rapidly rise along with the growth and metabolism of the mildew, the moisture can reach 20 percent, and the package temperature can reach more than 35 ℃. White and partially green and green mycelia are produced on the tobacco leaves, so that the color and luster of the tobacco leaves become dark gradually, the leaves are adhered, and the mildew taste is given off. This stage, which is generally only 3-5 days, is a period of rapid mold propagation. At this time, if the air temperature is reduced by controlling the environmental conditions, the moisture of the tobacco leaves is reduced, the mildew is inhibited, white mycelium on the tobacco leaves is dried and falls off, no mould is observed, but a slight mildew taste is left, and the phenomenon is called as 'Sai mould' and 'Gai mould', also commonly called as 'air impact'. Such tobacco leaves are called air-cured tobacco leaves.
The chemical composition balance system of the air-impact tobacco leaves is changed, and the quality and quality of the tobacco leaves are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for treating air-washed tobacco leaves, which can effectively remove the influence of the air-washed tobacco leaves on the quality of cigarettes.
The treatment method of the air-washed tobacco leaves comprises the following steps: at least twice moisture regaining treatment, wherein in the first moisture regaining treatment, the vacuum degree is 1300pa, humidification spraying is carried out, the ambient temperature is less than or equal to 42 ℃, and the temperature is kept for at least 30 s; in the second dampening treatment, the vacuum degree is 1100pa, and humidification spraying is carried out, the ambient temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃, and the temperature is kept for at least 25 s; at least two times of moistening treatment, wherein in each time of moistening treatment, the temperature and the humidity of the tobacco leaves are adjusted, and after the first time of moistening treatment, the temperature of the tobacco leaves is 55-65 ℃, and the water content is 17-19%; after the second wetting treatment, the temperature of the tobacco leaves is 60-70 ℃, and the water content is 20-22%; threshing, namely beating the tobacco leaves by using at least four groups of threshing equipment in sequence; the redrying treatment at least comprises three temperature intervals, wherein the first temperature interval is 70 +/-2 ℃, the second temperature interval is 85 +/-2 ℃, and the third temperature interval is 40 +/-2 ℃.
The processing method of the air-washed tobacco leaves comprises the following steps of (1) using a threshing machine during threshing, wherein the threshing machine is divided into at least four threshing roller rotating speed intervals when the flow rate of the tobacco leaves is 10000 kg/h; the first rolling speed interval is 750 +/-5 r/min; the rotating speed interval of the second beating roller is 760 +/-5 r/min; the rotating speed interval of the third beating roller is 770 +/-5 r/min; the rotating speed interval of the fourth beating roller is 750 +/-5 r/min.
The method for treating the air-washed tobacco leaves, wherein a leaf moistening machine is used for moistening the leaves; during the first tobacco leaf moistening treatment, the rotation frequency of a roller of the tobacco leaf moistening machine is 32 +/-1 hz, the rotation frequency of a hot air machine is 12 +/-1 hz, and the rotation frequency of a moisture exhausting fan is 23 +/-1 hz; and during the second leaf moistening treatment, the rotation frequency of a roller of the leaf moistening machine is 35 +/-1 hz, the rotation frequency of a hot air machine is 15 +/-1 hz, and the rotation frequency of a moisture exhausting fan is 20 +/-1 hz.
The method for treating air-cured tobacco leaves as described above, wherein the tobacco leaves after redrying treatment are naturally alcoholized.
The method for treating the air-cured tobacco leaves, wherein the natural alcoholization time is 1 year.
The treatment method of the air-washed tobacco leaves can reduce the total number of microbial colonies of the air-washed tobacco leaves, and the chemical components of the air-washed tobacco leaves after alcoholization are more coordinated, thereby obviously improving the sensory quality of the air-washed tobacco leaves.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of treating air-cured tobacco leaves according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the comparison of the total number of microbial colonies of air-cured tobacco leaves treated by the method of the present invention with the total number of microbial colonies of untreated air-cured tobacco leaves.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The invention discloses a method for treating air-washed tobacco leaves. It is to be noted that the present application relates to air-cured tobacco, not rotted and deteriorated tobacco, which is not suitable for the present method, or for the production of cigarettes, because rotted and deteriorated tobacco cannot be used.
The treatment method of the air-washed tobacco leaves comprises the following steps: at least twice moisture regaining treatment, wherein in the first moisture regaining treatment S11, the vacuum degree is 1300pa, and humidification spraying is carried out, the environmental temperature is less than or equal to 42 ℃, and the environmental temperature is kept for at least 30S; in the second dampening treatment S12, the vacuum degree is 1100pa, and humidification spraying is carried out, the environmental temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃, and the temperature is kept for at least 25S; at least two times of leaf moistening treatment, wherein in each time of leaf moistening treatment, the temperature and the humidity of the tobacco leaves are adjusted, and after the first leaf moistening treatment S21, the temperature of the tobacco leaves is 55-65 ℃, and the water content is 17-19%; after the second wetting treatment S22, the tobacco leaf temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the water content is 20-22%; threshing S3, beating tobacco leaves in sequence by using at least four groups of threshing devices; the redrying process S4 comprises at least three temperature ranges, wherein the first temperature range is 70 + -2 deg.C, the second temperature range is 85 + -2 deg.C, and the third temperature range is 40 + -2 deg.C.
The treatment can be divided into two major stages, wherein the first major stage comprises moisture regain treatment, leaf moistening treatment and leaf beating treatment, and the primary finishing and adjustment are mainly carried out on the moldy tobacco leaves in the first major stage, so that the state parameters (such as humidity, temperature and the like) of the tobacco leaves are stable. The second major step consists of a redrying step, which belongs to the treatment phase, for removing microorganisms, off-flavors, etc.
The two dampening treatments can be carried out in the same equipment, and the leaf moistening treatment can also be carried out in the same equipment. Four sets of threshing equipment used for threshing are arranged in sequence, and tobacco leaves are transported by a conveyer belt and treated by each threshing equipment in sequence. The redrying treatment can be carried out in the same equipment, the temperature change can be carried out according to the requirements, or the tobacco leaves can enter the redrying equipment through a conveyer belt, while the redrying equipment at different conveying positions have different temperature setting areas, so that the tobacco leaves sequentially pass through different temperature intervals through the conveyer belt.
When the threshing is carried out, a threshing machine is used, and the threshing machine is divided into at least four threshing roller rotating speed intervals when the flow of tobacco leaves is 10000 kg/h; the first rolling speed interval is 750 +/-5 r/min; the rotating speed interval of the second beating roller is 760 +/-5 r/min; the rotating speed interval of the third beating roller is 770 +/-5 r/min; the rotating speed interval of the fourth beating roller is 750 +/-5 r/min.
When the leaf moistening treatment is carried out, a leaf moistening machine is used; during the first tobacco leaf moistening treatment, the rotation frequency of a roller of the tobacco leaf moistening machine is 32 +/-1 hz, the rotation frequency of a hot air machine is 12 +/-1 hz, and the rotation frequency of a moisture exhausting fan is 23 +/-1 hz; and during the second leaf moistening treatment, the rotation frequency of a roller of the leaf moistening machine is 35 +/-1 hz, the rotation frequency of a hot air machine is 15 +/-1 hz, and the rotation frequency of a moisture exhausting fan is 20 +/-1 hz.
And naturally alcoholizing the redried tobacco leaves. Wherein the natural alcoholization time is 1 year.
The change in the quality of air-cured tobacco leaves after the method is used is illustrated by way of example.
Naturally alcoholizing in a redrying factory, wherein the annual average temperature of an alcoholizing place is 16-18 ℃, the annual average relative humidity is 65-68%, the sealing time is taken as the alcoholization initiation, sampling is carried out after alcoholizing for 12 months, and the total number of microbial colonies, the chemical component determination and the sensory quality evaluation are carried out. As a control group, air-cured tobacco leaves which had not been subjected to the treatment of the present invention were used.
And (3) detecting the total number of microbial colonies: detecting the total number of the microbial colonies by using an ATP fluorescence detector.
And (3) chemical composition determination: the general chemical composition of total nitrogen, nicotine, total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium and chlorine in tobacco leaves is measured by using a continuous flow analyzer (SEAL AA3, Germany) and is carried out according to the standard in the tobacco industry.
Sensory quality evaluation, namely, sensory evaluation and identification of tobacco leaves are completed by the technical center of tobacco industry Limited liability company in Henan. The sensory evaluation index and the score are in accordance with the unified standard, and the sensory quality characteristics of the flue-cured tobacco comprise aroma quality, aroma quantity, concentration, flexibility and fineness, aftertaste, miscellaneous gas, irritation, combustibility, gray color and strength.
As shown in FIG. 2, in the control group, the total number of the microbial colonies of the air-washed tobacco leaves which are not treated by the method is 830(CFU/ml), the total number of the microbial colonies of the air-washed tobacco leaves which are treated by the method is 52(CFU/ml), and obvious differences exist, which indicates that the total number of the microbial colonies of the air-washed tobacco leaves can be reduced by the threshing and redrying process flow.
The results of chemical component measurement shown in the following table 1 are combined, the total sugar and reducing sugar of the air-washed tobacco leaves treated by the scheme are obviously higher than those of the untreated air-washed tobacco leaves, and the total sugar after treatment is improved by 20.35 percent compared with the total sugar without treatment; the reducing sugar after being treated is improved by 20.65 percent compared with the reducing sugar without being treated. The change rule of the ratio of the two sugars is not obvious, and the ratio of the two sugars is in a proper range (about 0.9). Therefore, the treatment method can improve the total sugar and reducing sugar content of the air-washed tobacco leaves.
The total nitrogen content of the tobacco leaves is improved by 8.2 percent compared with the total nitrogen content of the tobacco leaves which are not treated; nicotine content was reduced by 6.8% with respect to the untreated; the nitrogen to base ratio and the sugar to base ratio show an upward trend, wherein the nitrogen to base ratio in the treatment is in a suitable range (ratio of about 1 is suitable).
The content of potassium shows an increasing trend, the treatment is respectively improved by 7.42 percent compared with the untreated treatment, and the obvious difference exists; the chlorine content has no obvious difference; the ratio of potassium to chlorine is closely related to the combustibility of the flue-cured tobacco, the ratio of treated potassium to chlorine is 3.54, and is more close to the proper range of 4-10 of the ratio of potassium to chlorine of high-quality flue-cured tobacco.
TABLE 1
The sensory quality indexes of the flue-cured tobacco mainly comprise aroma quality, aroma quantity, concentration, flexibility and fineness, aftertaste, miscellaneous gas, irritation, combustibility, gray color, strength and the like, the sensory quality is an important index for evaluating the comprehensive quality of the flue-cured tobacco, and the quality of the sensory quality of the flue-cured tobacco directly influences the quality of cigarette products.
As can be seen from Table 2, the sensory quality indexes are best treated as a whole, and the aroma quality, the aroma quantity and the concentration score are respectively improved by 28.57 percent, 29.70 percent and 27.18 percent relative to the untreated indexes, and obvious differences exist; the sensory indexes of softness and fineness, aftertaste and miscellaneous gas score are obviously different from those of the untreated sensory indexes; the grey aftertaste score has no obvious difference; the sensory index irritation, flammability and strength scores were significantly better treated than untreated.
In conclusion, the result of the test results shows that the sensory quality after treatment is the best, the total score reaches 63.4, and the total score is improved by 21.45 percent compared with the untreated total score. The threshing and redrying processing technology can improve the internal quality of the air-washed tobacco leaves.
TABLE 2
In conclusion, the treatment method of the air-washed tobacco leaves can reduce the total number of microbial colonies of the air-washed tobacco leaves, chemical components of the air-washed tobacco leaves after alcoholization are more coordinated, and the sensory quality of the air-washed tobacco leaves is obviously improved.
The construction, features and functions of the present invention are described in detail in the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, which are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited by the drawings, and all equivalent embodiments modified or changed according to the idea of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention covered by the description and the drawings.
Claims (4)
1. A method for treating air-washed tobacco leaves, comprising:
at least twice moisture regaining treatment, wherein in the first moisture regaining treatment, the vacuum degree is 1300pa, humidification spraying is carried out, the ambient temperature is less than or equal to 42 ℃, and the temperature is kept for at least 30 s; in the second dampening treatment, the vacuum degree is 1100pa, and humidification spraying is carried out, the ambient temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃, and the temperature is kept for at least 25 s;
at least two times of moistening treatment, wherein in each time of moistening treatment, the temperature and the humidity of the tobacco leaves are adjusted, and after the first time of moistening treatment, the temperature of the tobacco leaves is 55-65 ℃, and the water content is 17-19%; after the second wetting treatment, the temperature of the tobacco leaves is 60-70 ℃, and the water content is 20-22%; when the leaf moistening treatment is carried out, a leaf moistening machine is used; during the first tobacco leaf moistening treatment, the rotation frequency of a roller of the tobacco leaf moistening machine is 32 +/-1 hz, the rotation frequency of a hot air machine is 12 +/-1 hz, and the rotation frequency of a moisture exhausting fan is 23 +/-1 hz; during the second leaf moistening treatment, the rotation frequency of a roller of the leaf moistening machine is 35 +/-1 hz, the rotation frequency of a hot air machine is 15 +/-1 hz, and the rotation frequency of a moisture exhausting fan is 20 +/-1 hz;
threshing, namely beating the tobacco leaves by using at least four groups of threshing equipment in sequence;
the redrying treatment at least comprises three temperature intervals, wherein the first temperature interval is 70 +/-2 ℃, the second temperature interval is 85 +/-2 ℃, and the third temperature interval is 40 +/-2 ℃, wherein the flow of the tobacco leaves is 10000 kg/h.
2. The method of treating air-cured tobacco leaves according to claim 1,
when the threshing is carried out, a threshing machine is used, and the threshing machine is divided into at least four threshing roller rotating speed intervals when the flow of tobacco leaves is 10000 kg/h;
the first rolling speed interval is 750 +/-5 r/min;
the rotating speed interval of the second beating roller is 760 +/-5 r/min;
the rotating speed interval of the third beating roller is 770 +/-5 r/min;
the rotating speed interval of the fourth beating roller is 750 +/-5 r/min.
3. The method of treating air-cured tobacco leaves according to claim 1,
and naturally alcoholizing the redried tobacco leaves.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the natural alcoholization time is 1 year.
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