CN112471181A - Composition for biologically preventing and treating cotton fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Composition for biologically preventing and treating cotton fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
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- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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Abstract
A composition for biologically preventing and treating cotton fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt and a preparation method and application thereof are disclosed, wherein the composition mainly comprises the following components: tobacco extract, cabbage extract, Bacillus firmus preparation, Paecilomyces lilacinus preparation, Streptomyces scabies preparation, gamma-aminobutyric acid and organic materials. The invention also discloses a preparation method and application of the composition for biologically preventing and treating cotton fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt. The composition can eradicate the blight and verticillium wilt of cotton, increase the yield, improve soil organic matters, improve soil fertility, protect the environment, reduce the cost and realize the sustainable utilization of soil. The method and the application are simple and are suitable for agricultural production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composition for preventing and treating cotton fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt, a preparation method and application thereof, in particular to a composition for biologically preventing and treating cotton fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
China is one of the major cotton production areas in the world, and the occurrence of cotton blight, which is called as the cancer of cotton as the first major disease of cotton, greatly limits the improvement of cotton yield in China. The blight and verticillium wilt of cotton occur in main cotton planting areas, wherein the cotton area in the north is heavier than the cotton area in Yangtze river basin. In China, cotton verticillium wilt is caused by cotton verticillium pathogen, namely verticillium dahliae, and occurs in stems, branches and leaves of cotton. How to increase the yield of cotton by preventing and controlling the cotton without pollution is an important subject to be researched.
CN101747117A discloses a buried pesticide fertilizer for transgenic insect-resistant cotton, which is used for resisting blight and verticillium wilt, red leaf stem blight and pests of cotton, and comprises the following main components: 1.92-1.99% of 3% carbofuran granules, 48.10-49.40% of cakes, 0.37-0.39% of new yellow withered liquid, 0.20-0.22% of zinc, boron, potassium and calcium amino acid liquid, 20.64-23.25% of urea, 9.00-9.45% of monoammonium phosphate and 15.20-16.80% of potassium chloride. However, the carbofuran granules and the Xinkehuang withered leaf agent used in the method still belong to the pesticide category, not only can not meet the requirements of pollution-free prevention and control of cotton blight and verticillium wilt, but also can damage beneficial bacteria in soil.
CN101486916A discloses a cotton blight and verticillium wilt resistant soil repairing agent and a preparation method thereof, wherein the cotton blight and verticillium wilt resistant soil repairing agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 to 200 parts of yellow humic acid, 50 to 150 parts of ammonium humate, 50 to 200 parts of potassium humate, 2 to 10 parts of sodium diquat, 10 to 20 parts of carbendazim, 20 to 50 parts of trace elements, 100 to 200 parts of triple superphosphate, 50 to 200 parts of urea and 100 to 200 parts of bentonite. However, the used sodium diuron and carbendazim still belong to the pesticide category, not only can not meet the requirement of pollution-free control of cotton fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt, but also can damage beneficial bacteria in soil.
In summary, due to the multiple transmission routes of cotton blight, including diseased plants, seeds, fertilizers, etc., besides the need to avoid cotton blight in the season of planting cotton, it is also necessary to inhibit the transmission and occurrence of cotton blight in the subsequent planting by improving soil. Therefore, a biological composition for preventing and treating cotton fusarium wilt, a preparation method and an application thereof are urgently needed to be found, wherein the composition can eradicate the cotton fusarium wilt, increase the yield, improve soil organic matters, improve soil fertility, is environment-friendly and green, is low in cost, and can realize the sustainable utilization of soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art and provide the composition for biologically preventing and treating the cotton fusarium wilt, which can eradicate the cotton fusarium wilt, increase the yield, improve soil organic matters and improve soil fertility, is environment-friendly and green, has low cost and realizes the sustainable utilization of soil.
The invention further aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art and provide a preparation method and application of biological control of cotton fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt, which are simple and suitable for agricultural production.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a composition for biologically preventing and treating cotton fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt mainly comprises the following components: tobacco extract, cabbage extract, Bacillus firmus preparation, Paecilomyces lilacinus preparation, Streptomyces scabies preparation, gamma-aminobutyric acid and organic materials. The nicotine sulfate, poison vine alkali, protonicotine and the like contained in the tobacco extract have strong killing and inhibiting effects on germs such as verticillium dahliae and the like, but do not have phytotoxicity on crops. The main components of the flavonoids compounds in the echinacea purpurea extract, such as rutin, linarin and the like, and the cyclohexane and volatile oil components have stronger killing and inhibiting effects on pathogenic bacteria such as verticillium dahliae and the like, can make up for the defects of the tobacco leaf extract in temperature and drug resistance of the pathogenic bacteria, have good synergistic bactericidal effect, can also reduce the using amount of the tobacco leaf extract, reduce the cost and avoid the residue of the tobacco leaf extract in plants. The strong bacillus preparation can inhibit the root knot nematode disease of cotton, has strong inhibiting effect on the growth of verticillium dahliae hyphae causing blight and verticillium wilt of cotton, is obviously superior to bacillus licheniformis and bacillus megaterium, and has heat resistance, stress resistance and strong adaptability to environment. The paecilomyces lilacinus in the composition has the following functions: the paecilomyces lilacinus is an effective parasitic bacterium of eggs of root-knot nematodes and white cyst nematodes, has control efficiency on various nematodes, hosts of the paecilomyces lilacinus comprise the root-knot nematodes, cyst nematodes, golden nematodes and heterodera, and is a biocontrol preparation for controlling the root-knot nematodes in soilThe bacillus firmus can prevent and control cotton fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt. The streptomyces scabies has the following effects in the composition of the invention: potato scab disease (Potato Scab) The streptomyces scabiosus is a plant soil-borne disease which is difficult to prevent and treat and is caused by pathogenic bacteria, is listed as an import and export quarantine object, if people continue to plant cotton after planting potatoes, because of the existence of scab germs, the soil-borne disease also affects the healthy growth and quality of the cotton, the streptomyces scabiosus can effectively kill the scab by being planted in soil, meanwhile, the inventor finds that the streptomyces scabiosus can also generate antibiotic in the propagation process, the antibiotic can inhibit the growth of cotton fusarium wilt hypha and conidia, and the antibiotic can be applied to the cotton planting process to prevent and treat the scab and can also cooperatively prevent and treat the cotton fusarium wilt germs. The composition disclosed by the invention synergistically solves the problem that the yield and the quality of cotton are influenced by blight and verticillium wilt in the cotton planting process by using the bacillus firmus preparation, the paecilomyces lilacinus and the streptomyces scabies in a combined manner: the active enzyme generated by the characteristics of the bacillus firmus and the antibiotics generated by the paecilomyces lilacinus and the streptomyces scabies are adopted to achieve the purposes of inhibiting, antagonizing and killing cotton fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt and fungus strains in a synergistic mode, meanwhile, the problem that soil root knot nematode disease is serious due to the excessive use of chemical fertilizers in long-term cultivation is solved, soil-borne disease scab caused by planting root crops can be avoided, the purpose of occupying space is achieved by implanting dominant strains of soil, the generation of other germs is inhibited, the mass propagation and metabolism of the dominant strains are achieved, the soil fertility is fertilized, the yield of cotton is finally improved, and the sustainable utilization of the soil is achieved.
Preferably, the composition for biologically preventing and treating cotton fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.0-2.0 parts of tobacco extract, 1.0-4.0 parts of aralia elata seem extract, 0.5-1.5 parts of bacillus firmus preparation, 1.0-3.0 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus preparation, 0.5-1.5 parts of streptomyces scabies preparation, 2.0-3.5 parts of gamma-aminobutyric acid and 85-94 parts of organic material.
Preferably, the preparation method of the tobacco leaf extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing dried tobacco leaves, adding into water, adjusting pH, heating for leaching, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to obtain tobacco leaf extract.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the dried tobacco leaves to the water is 1: 10-15. The proportion is more favorable for the infiltration and extraction of the tobacco leaves, and the energy consumption of subsequent concentration is reduced.
Preferably, the pulverization is to a 10 mesh sieve.
Preferably, the pH value is adjusted to 10-12.
Preferably, the temperature of the heating leaching is 40-60 ℃, and the time is 1-2 h. Under the condition, the leaching of substances such as nicotine and the like which are beneficial to killing insects and resisting bacteria in the tobacco leaves is facilitated, and meanwhile, the production efficiency is considered.
Preferably, the filtrate is concentrated to a water content of less than or equal to 30%.
Preferably, the preparation method of the cephalanoplos segetum extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing dried Cephalonoplos segetum, adding into ethanol solution, ultrasonic heating for leaching, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to obtain Cephalonoplos segetum extract.
Preferably, the mass-to-volume ratio (g/mL) of the dried aralia elata seem to the ethanol solution is 1: 5-10.
Preferably, the volume fraction of the ethanol solution is 10 to 95% (more preferably 40 to 80%).
Preferably, the pulverization is to a 10 mesh sieve.
Preferably, the temperature of the ultrasonic heating leaching is 50-70 ℃, the frequency of the ultrasonic is 30-50 kHz, and the time is 10-20 min. Under the condition, the leaching of flavonoids and other substances which are beneficial to killing insects and resisting bacteria in the cephalanoplos segetum is facilitated, and meanwhile, the production efficiency is considered.
Preferably, the filtrate is concentrated to a water content of less than or equal to 15%.
Preferably, the viable count of the bacillus firmus preparation is 1.0 multiplied by 107～2.0×1010Per gram.
Preferably, the viable count of the paecilomyces lilacinus preparation is 1.0 x 107～2.0×1010Per gram.
Preferably, the viable count of the streptomyces scabies preparation is 1.0 multiplied by 107～1.0×1010Per gram.
Preferably, the organic material is one or more of cottonseed cake, soybean meal, oil cake, vinasse, fermented and decomposed manure, monosodium glutamate fermentation waste or yeast fermentation waste. The organic materials are carriers of plant extracts and microorganism bacteria, the microorganism is applied to soil to be beneficial to growth and reproduction, simultaneously soil organic matters are directly supplemented, and the organic materials and the microorganism functional bacteria generate coordination and complementation to achieve the best application effect. The organic materials are all obtained from local sources or purchased in the market.
The technical scheme adopted for further solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for preparing a composition for biologically preventing and treating cotton fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt comprises the steps of stirring and mixing a bacillus firmus preparation, a paecilomyces lilacinus preparation, a streptomyces scabies preparation, gamma-aminobutyric acid and organic materials for the first time, fermenting, adding a tobacco leaf extract and a cabbage extract, and stirring and mixing for the second time.
Preferably, the rotating speed of the stirring is 30-50 r/min.
Preferably, the time for the primary stirring and mixing is 20-30 min.
Preferably, the fermentation temperature is 50-58 ℃, the water content is 50-60%, and the fermentation time is 48-72 h. The fermentation can not only promote the survival and the propagation of the microbial agent, but also kill harmful bacteria, in particular to cotton fusarium and verticillium wilt which is possibly carried in organic fertilizer. When the water content of the raw materials does not reach the index, water can be supplemented.
Preferably, the time for the secondary stirring and mixing is 10-20 min.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for further solving the technical problems is as follows: the application of the composition for biologically preventing and treating the cotton fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt is characterized in that the composition for biologically preventing and treating the cotton fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt is scattered on the surface of soil according to 50-100 kg/mu, and cotton sowing and conventional management are carried out after soil turning and land preparation.
Preferably, the density of cotton planting is 10000-14000 plants/mu.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) after the composition for biologically preventing and treating the cotton fusarium wilt is applied, antagonistic microorganisms are applied to a cotton root ring by breeding and applying the antagonistic microorganisms to the cotton root ring by utilizing the competition and antagonism theory among microorganisms in the microecological theory, so that antibiotics can be generated, the growth of the cotton fusarium wilt can be inhibited on special antagonistic actinomycetes fixedly planted in the rhizosphere soil and roots of the cotton, the growth and the propagation of the cotton fusarium wilt can be fundamentally inhibited, the cotton fusarium wilt can be prevented, and the problem of prevention and treatment of the cotton fusarium wilt which cannot be solved by chemical pesticides can be solved; the organic materials are applied, so that the physical or chemical properties of the soil can be improved, the organic matters of the soil are improved, the soil fertility is improved, the soil can be permanently utilized, the environment is protected, and the cost is low; the incidence rate of the fusarium and verticillium wilt is as low as 2.3 percent, the incidence rate of the fusarium and verticillium wilt is reduced by more than 14.3 percent compared with that of the fusarium and verticillium wilt which is not applied and is reduced by more than 7.5 percent compared with that of the traditional medicament, meanwhile, the maximum yield of each mu is up to 76.5 percent, and the net income increase of each mu is up to 1038.2 yuan;
(2) the preparation method is simple, and the composition for biologically preventing and treating the blight and verticillium wilt of cotton is suitable for agricultural production and can be widely applied to preventing and treating the blight and verticillium wilt of cotton in different types and different areas in growing periods.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
The bacillus firmus preparation used in the embodiment of the invention is purchased from Jiangxi Shunquan biological technology company Limited, the paecilomyces lilacinus preparation is purchased from Hubei Qiming biological engineering company Limited, and the streptomyces scabies preparation is purchased from Shanghai-Yangyi biological technology company Limited; the cottonseed cake and the fermented and decomposed excrement used in the embodiment of the invention are sourced from farmers, and the soybean meal, the oil cake, the vinasse, the monosodium glutamate fermentation waste and the yeast fermentation waste are purchased locally; the raw materials, the seeds of the cotton variety to be tested or the seedlings to be raised used in the embodiment of the invention are obtained through conventional commercial approaches if no special description is provided.
Preparation method of tobacco leaf extract reference example 1
Crushing 1 part by weight of dried tobacco leaves to pass through a 10-mesh sieve, adding 12 parts by weight of water, adjusting the pH value to 11, heating and leaching for 1.5h at 50 ℃, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate until the water content is 25% to obtain the tobacco leaf extract 1.
Preparation method of tobacco leaf extract reference example 2
Crushing 1 part by weight of dried tobacco leaves to pass through a 10-mesh sieve, adding 10 parts by weight of water, adjusting the pH value to 12, heating and leaching for 2.0h at 40 ℃, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate until the water content is 20% to obtain a tobacco leaf extract 2.
Preparation method of tobacco leaf extract reference example 3
Crushing 1 part by weight of dried tobacco leaves to 10-mesh sieve, adding 15 parts by weight of water, adjusting the pH value to 10, heating and leaching for 1.0h at 60 ℃, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate until the water content is 30% to obtain the tobacco leaf extract 3.
Preparation of Cephalonoplos segetum extract reference example 1
Pulverizing 1 part by weight (g) of dried Cephalonoplos segetum (hook.) Nees, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, adding into 8 volume (mL) of ethanol solution (volume fraction of 50%), ultrasonically heating and leaching at 60 deg.C and frequency of 40kHz for 15min, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to water content of 12% to obtain Cephalonoplos segetum (hook.) Nees extract 1.
Preparation method of Cephalonoplos segetum extract reference example 2
Pulverizing 1 part by weight (g) of dried Cephalonoplos segetum (Berry.) Nees, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, adding into 5 volume (mL) of ethanol solution (volume fraction of 60%), ultrasonically heating and leaching at 50 deg.C and frequency of 50kHz for 20min, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to water content of 15% to obtain Cephalonoplos segetum (Berry.) Nees extract 2.
Preparation method of Cephalonoplos segetum extract reference example 3
Pulverizing 1 part by weight (g) of dried Cephalonoplos segetum (Berry.) Nees, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, adding into 10 volumes (mL) of ethanol solution (volume fraction of 40%), ultrasonically heating and leaching at 70 deg.C and frequency of 30kHz for 10min, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to water content of 10% to obtain Cephalonoplos segetum (Berry.) Nees extract 3.
Examples 1 to 3 of a composition for biologically controlling blight and verticillium wilt of cotton
The compositions of examples 1-3 for biologically controlling blight and verticillium wilt of cotton are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 compositions for biological control of blight and verticillium wilt of cotton examples 1-3 with the components and weight parts as shown in Table
Note: in the table, "-" indicates no addition.
Preparation method of a composition for biologically controlling blight and verticillium wilt of cotton example 1
According to the components and parts by weight in the example 1 in the table 1, firstly, stirring and mixing the bacillus firmus preparation, the paecilomyces lilacinus preparation, the streptomyces scabies preparation, the gamma-aminobutyric acid and the organic material for one time at the rotating speed of 40r/min for 25min, fermenting for 60h at the temperature of 56 ℃ and under the water content of 55%, then adding the tobacco leaf extract and the prodenia spinosa extract, stirring and mixing for 15min for two times at the rotating speed of 40r/min to obtain the composition 1 for biologically controlling the cotton fusarium wilt.
Preparation method of composition for biologically controlling blight and verticillium wilt of cotton in example 2
According to the components and parts by weight in the example 2 in the table 1, firstly, stirring and mixing the bacillus firmus preparation, the paecilomyces lilacinus preparation, the streptomyces scabies preparation, the gamma-aminobutyric acid and the organic material for 30min at the rotating speed of 30r/min for one time, fermenting for 70h at the temperature of 52 ℃ and the water content of 60%, then adding the tobacco leaf extract and the prodenia spinosa extract, stirring and mixing for 20min at the rotating speed of 30r/min for two times, and obtaining the composition 2 for biologically controlling the cotton fusarium wilt.
Preparation method of composition for biologically controlling blight and verticillium wilt of cotton in example 3
According to the components and parts by weight in the example 3 in the table 1, firstly, stirring and mixing the bacillus firmus preparation, the paecilomyces lilacinus preparation, the streptomyces scabies preparation, the gamma-aminobutyric acid and the organic material for 20min at the rotating speed of 50r/min for one time, fermenting for 50h at the temperature of 58 ℃ and under the water content of 50%, then adding the tobacco leaf extract and the prodenia spinosa extract, stirring and mixing for 10min at the rotating speed of 50r/min for two times, and obtaining the composition 3 for biologically controlling the cotton fusarium wilt.
Application example 1 of a composition for biologically controlling blight and verticillium wilt of cotton
The experimental area is set in one farmer of Baiquan Populus village in Wusu city (the area is 50 mu, the embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 1 and 2), the soil is salinized soil, the fertility is general, and the management level is high; the field planting time is 4 months and 19 days in 2019; the cotton variety to be tested: xinluzao No. 67.
The composition for biologically controlling the blight and verticillium wilt of cotton, which is described in the example 1, is scattered on the soil surface according to the proportion of 80 kg/mu, and after soil turning and land preparation, cotton sowing and conventional management are carried out, wherein the cotton planting density is 12000 plants/mu.
Application example 2 of a composition for biologically controlling blight and verticillium wilt of cotton
The experimental area is set in a certain Li family (area 70 mu, example 2) of Yingmaili county Yinghaoyuan, Gaimao county, the soil is salinized soil, the fertility is general, and the management level is high; the field planting time is 4 months and 8 days in 2018 years; the cotton variety to be tested: and (5) medium cotton 47.
The composition for biologically controlling the blight and verticillium wilt of cotton, which is described in the example 2, is scattered on the soil surface according to 60 kg/mu, and after soil turning and land preparation, cotton sowing and conventional management are carried out, wherein the cotton planting density is 12000 plants/mu.
Application example 3 of a composition for biologically controlling blight and verticillium wilt of cotton
The experimental area is set in a Wang King of West village in big spring town of Shawan county (the area is 200 mu, example 3), the soil is sandy loam, the fertility is general, and the management level is high; the field planting time is 4 months and 10 days in 2018; the cotton variety to be tested: new land 16.
The composition for biologically controlling the blight and verticillium wilt of cotton, which is described in the example 3, is scattered on the soil surface according to 100 kg/mu, and after soil turning and land preparation, cotton sowing and conventional management are carried out, wherein the cotton planting density is 12000 plants/mu.
Comparative example 1
Spreading base fertilizer: 25kg of diammonium phosphate and 5kg of potassium sulfate, and after plowing and land preparation, cotton sowing and conventional management are carried out, wherein the planting density of cotton is 12000 plants/mu.
Comparative example 2
Spreading base fertilizer: 25kg of diammonium phosphate and 5kg of potassium sulfate, and after plowing and land preparation, cotton sowing and conventional management are carried out, wherein the cotton planting density is 12000 plants/mu; after mixing the 800-fold potassium permanganate solution and the 800-fold 50% dexon solution in a ratio of 1:2, spraying 60kg per mu in a true leaf period of 3-5 pieces of cotton to prevent and treat cotton blight and verticillium wilt.
The growth period and economic characters of the cotton in the application examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1 and 2 of the composition for biologically preventing and treating the blight and verticillium wilt of cotton are evaluated, and the results are respectively shown in tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 2 comparison table of growth period and growth vigor of cotton in application examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1 and 2
As shown in Table 2, the composition for biologically controlling the blight of cotton of the present invention can enhance the disease resistance of plants and improve various stress resistances of cotton, the incidence rate of the blight of cotton is as low as 2.3%, and the incidence rate of the blight of cotton is reduced by more than 14.3% compared with that of the composition without the application of the chemical and is reduced by more than 7.5% compared with that of the composition with the application of the traditional chemical.
TABLE 3 comparison table of economic characteristics of cotton in application examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1 and 2
Note: in the table, "yield increase" was calculated based on the production of comparative example 1, and "-" means not calculated.
As can be seen from Table 3, after the composition for biologically preventing and treating the blight and verticillium wilt of cotton is applied, the supply of soil nutrients can be balanced, the physical and chemical conditions of soil can be improved, the quality of cotton can be improved, the yield of seed cotton per mu can be up to 421.3kg, the highest yield of comparative example per mu is only 279.8kg, the yield can be increased by 182.6kg at most, and the yield can be increased by 76.5%; according to the average market price of the seed cotton of 2018, 7 yuan/kg, the average income increase of 1278.2 yuan per mu, the cost of the applied composition for biologically preventing and treating the blight of the cotton is reduced by 80kg and 3 yuan/kg =240 yuan, the net income increase of each mu can be up to 1038.2 yuan, and the input-output ratio is 1: 4.3.
Claims (8)
1. The composition for biologically preventing and treating cotton fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt is characterized by mainly comprising the following components: tobacco extract, cabbage extract, Bacillus firmus preparation, Paecilomyces lilacinus preparation, Streptomyces scabies preparation, gamma-aminobutyric acid and organic materials.
2. The composition for biologically controlling fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt of cotton as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight parts of each component are as follows: 1.0-2.0 parts of tobacco extract, 1.0-4.0 parts of aralia elata seem extract, 0.5-1.5 parts of bacillus firmus preparation, 1.0-3.0 parts of paecilomyces lilacinus preparation, 0.5-1.5 parts of streptomyces scabies preparation, 2.0-3.5 parts of gamma-aminobutyric acid and 85-94 parts of organic material.
3. The composition for biological control of cotton fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the preparation method of the tobacco leaf extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing dried tobacco leaves, adding into water, adjusting pH, heating for leaching, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to obtain tobacco leaf extract; the mass ratio of the dried tobacco leaves to the water is 1: 10-15; crushing to pass through a 10-mesh sieve; adjusting the pH value to 10-12; the temperature of the heating leaching is 40-60 ℃, and the time is 1-2 h; concentrating the filtrate until the water content is less than or equal to 30%; the preparation method of the cephalanoplos segetum extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing dried Cephalonoplos segetum, adding into ethanol solution, ultrasonic heating for leaching, filtering, and concentrating the filtrate to obtain Cephalonoplos segetum extract; the mass volume ratio of the dried cephalanoplos segetum to the ethanol solution is 1: 5-10; the volume fraction of the ethanol solution is 10-95%; crushing to pass through a 10-mesh sieve; the temperature of ultrasonic heating leaching is 50-70 ℃, the frequency of ultrasonic is 30-50 kHz, and the time is 10-20 min; and concentrating the filtrate until the water content is less than or equal to 15%.
4. The composition for biocontrol of wilt and verticillium wilt of cotton as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said composition is prepared by mixing the above ingredientsIn the following steps: the viable count of the bacillus firmus preparation is 1.0 multiplied by 107～2.0×1010Per gram; the viable count of the paecilomyces lilacinus preparation is 1.0 multiplied by 107～2.0×1010Per gram; the viable count of the streptomyces scabies preparation is 1.0 multiplied by 107～1.0×1010Per gram; the organic material is one or more of cottonseed cake, soybean meal, oil cake, vinasse, fermented and decomposed manure, monosodium glutamate fermentation waste or yeast fermentation waste.
5. A method for preparing a composition for biologically controlling blight and verticillium wilt of cotton as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: firstly stirring and mixing the bacillus firmus preparation, the paecilomyces lilacinus preparation, the streptomyces scabies preparation, the gamma-aminobutyric acid and the organic materials, fermenting, adding the tobacco leaf extract and the cephalanoplos segetum extract, stirring and mixing for the second time, and obtaining the product.
6. The method for preparing the composition for biologically controlling the blight and verticillium wilt of cotton as claimed in claim 5, wherein the composition comprises: the stirring speed is 30-50 r/min; the time for primary stirring and mixing is 20-30 min; the fermentation temperature is 50-58 ℃, the water content is 50-60%, and the fermentation time is 48-72 h; the time for the secondary stirring and mixing is 10-20 min.
7. Use of a composition for biocontrol of cotton wilt as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by: the composition for biologically controlling blight and verticillium wilt of cotton as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, which is applied to the surface of soil at a rate of 50 to 100 kg/acre, and then sowed and managed after plowing and soil preparation.
8. The use of a composition for the biological control of fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt in cotton as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the cotton planting density is 10000-14000 plants per mu.
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