CN112456987B - 仿生叠层石墨烯复合陶瓷刀具及其制备方法 - Google Patents

仿生叠层石墨烯复合陶瓷刀具及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112456987B
CN112456987B CN202011465351.1A CN202011465351A CN112456987B CN 112456987 B CN112456987 B CN 112456987B CN 202011465351 A CN202011465351 A CN 202011465351A CN 112456987 B CN112456987 B CN 112456987B
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肖光春
陈本帅
许崇海
陈照强
衣明东
张静婕
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Qilu University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种仿生叠层石墨烯复合陶瓷刀具及其制备方法,属于机械制造和硅酸盐材料领域,本发明要解决的技术问题为如何在保证陶瓷刀具材料较高强度和硬度的同时,进一步提高陶瓷复合材料在高速切削加工过程中的断裂韧性和减摩抗磨性能,采用的技术方案为:该刀具是将表层与基体层按照不同层数和层厚比依次交替铺叠而成,表层采用氧化铝‑硼化钛‑石墨烯纳米片复合材料,基体层采用氧化铝‑氮化钛复合材料;其中,表层和基体层的总层数不少于3层且表层与基体层的层厚比至少为2。该制备方法具体如下:(1)、制备薄层混合原始粉末;(2)、制备氧化铝‑氮化钛混合原始粉末;(3)、铺叠;(4)、烧结;(5)、制备出叠层陶瓷刀具。

Description

仿生叠层石墨烯复合陶瓷刀具及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及机械制造和硅酸盐材料领域,具体地说是一种仿生叠层石墨烯复合陶瓷刀具及其制备方法。
背景技术
叠层复合材料是指利用复合技术使两种或两种以上性能不同的材料在界面上实现牢固结合的一种新型复合材料。仿生叠层复合材料这种独特的多界面结构及在表层产生残余压应力在提高材料强度的同时能够保证复合材料具有一定的塑韧性,其性能主要由基体层和表层各自的性能和二者界面结合状态决定。因此,基体层与表层的结构和特性、各自的体积含量、层数和层厚比对叠层复合陶瓷材料的性能起到决定性作用。
故如何在保证陶瓷刀具材料较高强度和硬度的同时,进一步提高陶瓷复合材料在高速切削加工过程中的断裂韧性和减摩抗磨性能是目前亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的技术任务是提供一种仿生叠层石墨烯复合陶瓷刀具及其制备方法,来解决如何在保证陶瓷刀具材料较高强度和硬度的同时,进一步提高陶瓷复合材料在高速切削加工过程中的断裂韧性和减摩抗磨性能的问题。
本发明的技术任务是按以下方式实现的,一种仿生叠层石墨烯复合陶瓷刀具,该刀具是将表层与基体层按照不同层数和层厚比依次交替铺叠而成,表层采用氧化铝-硼化钛-石墨烯纳米片复合材料,基体层采用氧化铝-氮化钛复合材料;其中,表层和基体层的总层数不少于3层且表层与基体层的层厚比至少为2。
作为优选,所述氧化铝-硼化钛-石墨烯纳米片复合材料主要由以下重量配比的原料混合而成:亚微米氧化铝75-80份,硼化钛18-22份,石墨烯纳米片0.1-0.5份,氧化镁0.3-0.7份,氧化钇0.3-0.7份。
更优地,所述氧化铝-硼化钛-石墨烯纳米片复合材料主要由以下重量配比的原料混合而成:亚微米氧化铝78.7份,硼化钛20份,石墨烯纳米片0.3份,氧化镁0.5份,氧化钇0.5份。
更优地,所述氧化铝-氮化钛复合材料主要由以下重量配比的原料混合而成:亚微米氧化铝77-81份,氮化钛18-22份,氧化镁0.3-0.7份,氧化钇0.3-0.7份。
更优地,所述氧化铝-氮化钛复合材料主要由以下重量配比的原料混合而成:亚微米氧化铝79份,氮化钛20份,氧化镁0.5份,氧化钇0.5份。
更优地,所述氧化铝-硼化钛-石墨烯纳米片复合材料中亚微米氧化铝和硼化钛的比例为7-8:2-3,优选8:2,硼化钛可以提高材料的抗弯强度;
所述亚微米氧化铝的平均粒径为0.2μm;硼化钛的平均粒径为0.5-1μm;氧化镁的平均粒径为0.5-2μm;氧化钇的平均粒径为0.5-2μm;氮化钛的平均粒径为0.02-1μm,优选为0.5-1μm,在叠层结构中,界面结合强度是影响复合材料力学性能的重要原因。因此,对化铝、硼化钛、氮化钛的平均粒径差距有所要求,合适的粒径差距有助于界面处结合强度,进而提高复合材料力学性能。
一种仿生叠层石墨烯复合陶瓷刀具的制备方法,该制备方法具体如下:
(1)、制备薄层混合原始粉末:将石墨烯纳米片0.1-0.5份分散于100ml无水乙醇溶液中,超声分散1-2h后得到石墨烯分散液;将石墨烯分散液加入到亚微米氧化铝75-80份,硼化钛18-22份,氧化镁0.3-0.7份和氧化钇0.3-0.7份的混合分散液中,继续超声分散1h;将混合分散液倒入球磨罐中高速球磨36-48h,干燥、过筛得到表层混合原始粉末;
(2)、制备氧化铝-氮化钛混合原始粉末:将亚微米氧化铝77-81份,氮化钛18-22份,氧化镁0.3-0.7份,氧化钇0.3-0.7份的混合液超声处理1-2h,将混合分散液倒入球磨罐中高速球磨36-48h,干燥、过筛得到氧化铝-氮化钛混合原始粉末;
(3)、铺叠:按照不同的层数和层厚比将表层混合原始粉末和基体层混合原始粉末依次交替铺叠到石墨磨具中,每铺叠一层预压一次;
(4)、烧结:将石墨磨具放入到放电等离子烧结炉中进行烧结,烧结温度为1525℃,保温时间为5min,烧结压力为30MPa;
(5)、制备出叠层陶瓷刀具:烧结后冷却至室温,取出叠层陶瓷试样,对试样表面进行磨削、研磨和抛光,即可制备出叠层陶瓷刀具。
作为优选,所述步骤(3)中表层层厚为0.14-0.5mm;表层和基体层的总层数为3、5、7或9层且表层与基体层的层厚比为2、4、6或8。
作为优选,所述步骤(4)中放电等离子烧结炉中烧结过程中升温速率包括如下三个阶段:
①、800℃以下升温速率为:100℃/min;
②、800℃-1200℃之间升温速率为:80℃/min;
③、1200℃-1525℃之间升温速率为:50℃/min;
更优地,所述氧化铝-硼化钛-石墨烯纳米片复合材料中亚微米氧化铝和硼化钛的比例为7-8:2-3,优选8:2;
所述亚微米氧化铝的平均粒径为0.2μm;硼化钛的平均粒径为0.5-1μm;氧化镁的平均粒径为0.5-2μm;氧化钇的平均粒径为0.5-2μm;氮化钛的平均粒径为0.02-1μm,优选为0.5-1μm。
本发明的仿生叠层石墨烯复合陶瓷刀具及其制备方法具有以下优点:
(一)本发明通过石墨烯和表层残余压应力的协同作用来提高陶瓷复合材料在高速切削加工过程中的断裂韧性和减摩抗磨性能;同时通过表层残余压应力和氧化铝-氮化钛层来保证复合材料的硬度和强度;
(二)通过本发明制备的叠层陶瓷刀具,残余压应力与残余拉应力交替出现,在拥有高界面结合强度的同时起到更好的偏转裂纹的作用,能有效抑制裂纹扩展,提高复合材料的力学性能;具体如下:
①将表层厚度控制在0.18-0.3mm,使表层产生更大的残余压应力来保证高硬度;
②采用氧化铝-氮化钛复合材料的基体层可以保证复合材料的高强度;
③石墨烯纳米片和表层残余压应力协同作用,在切削过程中可以提高材料的断裂韧性以及减摩抗磨性能,有效提高刀具寿命;
④本发明中材料组分中不包含镍、钼等金属相,拥有更好的高温切削性能。
具体实施方式
参照具体实施例对本发明的仿生叠层石墨烯复合陶瓷刀具及其制备方法作以下详细地说明。
实施例1:
本发明的仿生叠层石墨烯复合陶瓷刀具的制备方法具体如下:
(1)、将石墨烯纳米片0.35g在100ml无水乙醇中超声分散1h,得到分散均匀的石墨烯分散液;将石墨烯分散液倒入装有亚微米氧化铝78.5g,硼化钛19g,氧化镁0.45g,氧化钇0.55g的球磨罐中高能球磨36h;经干燥、过筛得到表层复合原始粉末;
(2)、将含有亚微米氧化铝78.5g,氮化钛20.5g,氧化镁0.55g,氧化钇0.45g的混合分散液倒入到球磨罐中高能球磨48h;经干燥、过筛得到基体层复合原始粉末;
(3)、将表层复合原始粉末和基体层复合原始粉末依次交替铺叠在石墨模具中,每铺一层预压一次;取叠层层数为5层,层厚比为6,表层层厚为0.27mm;
(4)、将石墨模具放入到放电等离子烧结炉中进行烧结,烧结温度为1525℃,保温时间为5min,烧结压力为30MPa;其中,烧结过程中的升温速率:800℃以前100℃/min,800℃-1200℃之间80℃/min,1200℃-1525℃之间50℃/min;
(5)、烧结后冷却至室温,取出叠层陶瓷试样,对试样表面进行磨削、研磨和抛光,即可制备出叠层陶瓷刀具。
实施例2:
(1)、将石墨烯纳米片0.25g在100ml无水乙醇中超声分散1h,得到分散均匀的石墨烯分散液;将石墨烯分散液倒入装有亚微米氧化铝78.9g,硼化钛21g,氧化镁0.6g,氧化钇0.4g的球磨罐中高能球磨36h;经干燥、过筛得到表层复合原始粉末;
(2)、将含有亚微米氧化铝79.5g,氮化钛19g,氧化镁0.4g,氧化钇0.6g的混合分散液倒入到球磨罐中高能球磨48h;经干燥、过筛得到基体层复合原始粉末;
(3)、将表层复合原始粉末和基体层复合原始粉末依次交替铺叠在石墨模具中,每铺一层预压一次;取叠层层数为7层,层厚比为4,表层层厚为0.25mm;
(4)将石墨模具放入到放电等离子烧结炉中进行烧结,烧结温度为1525℃,保温时间为5min,烧结压力为30MPa;其中,烧结过程中的升温速率:800℃以前100℃/min,800℃-1200℃之间80℃/min,1200℃-1525℃之间50℃/min;
(5)、烧结后冷却至室温,取出叠层陶瓷试样,对试样表面进行磨削、研磨和抛光,即可制备出叠层陶瓷刀具。
实施例3:
(1)、将石墨烯纳米片0.3g在100ml无水乙醇中超声分散1h,得到分散均匀的石墨烯分散液;将石墨烯分散液倒入装有亚微米氧化铝78.7g,硼化钛20g,氧化镁0.5g,氧化钇0.5g的球磨罐中高能球磨36h;经干燥、过筛得到表层复合原始粉末;
(2)、将含有亚微米氧化铝79g,氮化钛20g,氧化镁0.5g,氧化钇0.5g的混合分散液倒入到球磨罐中高能球磨48h;经干燥、过筛得到基体层复合原始粉末;
(3)、将表层复合原始粉末和基体层复合原始粉末依次交替铺叠在石墨模具中,每铺一层预压一次;取叠层层数为7层,层厚比为6,表层层厚为0.18mm;
(4)、将石墨模具放入到放电等离子烧结炉中进行烧结,烧结温度为1525℃,保温时间为5min,烧结压力为30MPa;其中,烧结过程中的升温速率:800℃以前100℃/min,800℃-1200℃之间80℃/min,1200℃-1525℃之间50℃/min;
(5)、烧结后冷却至室温,取出叠层陶瓷试样,对试样表面进行磨削、研磨和抛光,即可制备出叠层陶瓷刀具。
对比实施例1:
(1)、将石墨烯0.3g在100ml无水乙醇中超声分散1小时,得到分散均匀的石墨烯分散液;将石墨烯分散液倒入装有亚微米氧化铝78.7g,硼化钛20g,氧化镁0.5g,氧化钇0.5g的球磨罐中高能球磨36小时;经干燥、过筛得到复合原始粉末;
(2)、称取混合原始粉末,将混合原始粉末填铺到石墨模具中并预压;
(3)、将石墨模具放入到放电等离子烧结炉中,烧结过程中的升温速率:800℃以前100℃/min,800℃-1200℃之间80℃/min,1200℃-1525℃之间50℃/min;在最高温度下保温5分钟,烧结压力为30MPa;
(4)、烧结后冷却至室温,取出陶瓷试样,对试样表面进行磨削、研磨和抛光,即可制备出复合陶瓷刀具。
对比实施例2:
(1)、将含有亚微米氧化铝79g,氮化钛20g,氧化镁0.5g,氧化钇0.5g的混合分散液倒入球磨罐中高能球磨48小时;经干燥、过筛得到复合原始粉末;
(2)、称取混合原始粉末,将混合原始粉末填铺到石墨模具中并预压;
(3)、将石墨模具放入到放电等离子烧结炉中,烧结过程中的升温速率:800℃以前100℃/min,800℃-1200℃之间80℃/min,1200℃-1525℃之间50℃/min;在最高温度下保温5分钟,烧结压力为30MPa;
(4)、烧结后冷却至室温,取出陶瓷试样,对试样表面进行磨削、研磨和抛光,即可制备出复合陶瓷刀具。
通过上述过程制备的复合陶瓷刀具的力学性能如下表所示:
项目 断裂韧性(MPa.m1/2) 维氏硬度(GPa) 抗弯强度(MPa)
实施例1 8.3 19 731
实施例2 8 18.8 736
实施例3 8.65 18.7 760
对比实施例1 7.35 18.2 661
对比实施例2 4.62 19.1 670
由上表可知,叠层结构能够提高复合陶瓷刀具的断裂韧性以及抗弯强度等力学性能,进而增加刀具的使用寿命。同时叠层结构能够保证陶瓷刀具表层具有较高的维氏硬度,保证刀具的力学性能。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种仿生叠层石墨烯复合陶瓷刀具,其特征在于,该刀具是将表层与基体层按照不同层数和层厚比依次交替铺叠而成,表层采用氧化铝-硼化钛-石墨烯纳米片复合材料,基体层采用氧化铝-氮化钛复合材料;其中,表层和基体层的总层数不少于3层且表层与基体层的层厚比至少为2;
其中,表层层厚为0.14-0.5mm;表层和基体层的总层数为3、5、7或9层且表层与基体层的层厚比为2、4、6或8;
氧化铝-硼化钛-石墨烯纳米片复合材料主要由以下重量配比的原料混合而成:亚微米氧化铝75-80份,硼化钛18-22份,石墨烯纳米片0.1-0.5份,氧化镁0.3-0.7份,氧化钇0.3-0.7份;
氧化铝-硼化钛-石墨烯纳米片复合材料中亚微米氧化铝和硼化钛的比例为7-8:2-3;
亚微米氧化铝的平均粒径为0.2μm;硼化钛的平均粒径为0.5-1μm;氧化镁的平均粒径为0.5-2μm;氧化钇的平均粒径为0.5-2μm;氮化钛的平均粒径为0.02-1μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的仿生叠层石墨烯复合陶瓷刀具,其特征在于,所述氧化铝-硼化钛-石墨烯纳米片复合材料主要由以下重量配比的原料混合而成:亚微米氧化铝78.7份,硼化钛20份,石墨烯纳米片0.3份,氧化镁0.5份,氧化钇0.5份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的仿生叠层石墨烯复合陶瓷刀具,其特征在于,所述氧化铝-氮化钛复合材料主要由以下重量配比的原料混合而成:亚微米氧化铝77-81份,氮化钛18-22份,氧化镁0.3-0.7份,氧化钇0.3-0.7份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的仿生叠层石墨烯复合陶瓷刀具,其特征在于,所述氧化铝-氮化钛复合材料主要由以下重量配比的原料混合而成:亚微米氧化铝79份,氮化钛20份,氧化镁0.5份,氧化钇0.5份。
5.一种仿生叠层石墨烯复合陶瓷刀具的制备方法,其特征在于,该制备方法具体如下:
(1)、制备薄层混合原始粉末:将石墨烯纳米片0.1-0.5份分散于100ml无水乙醇溶液中,超声分散1-2h后得到石墨烯分散液;将石墨烯分散液加入到亚微米氧化铝75-80份,硼化钛18-22份,氧化镁0.3-0.7份和氧化钇0.3-0.7份的混合分散液中,继续超声分散1h;将混合分散液倒入球磨罐中高速球磨36-48h,干燥、过筛得到表层混合原始粉末;
(2)、制备氧化铝-氮化钛混合原始粉末:将亚微米氧化铝77-81份,氮化钛18-22份,氧化镁0.3-0.7份,氧化钇0.3-0.7份的混合液超声处理1-2h,将混合分散液倒入球磨罐中高速球磨36-48h,干燥、过筛得到氧化铝-氮化钛混合原始粉末;
(3)、铺叠:按照不同的层数和层厚比将表层混合原始粉末和基体层混合原始粉末依次交替铺叠到石墨磨具中,每铺叠一层预压一次;其中,表层层厚为0.14-0.5mm;表层和基体层的总层数为3、5、7或9层且表层与基体层的层厚比为2、4、6或8;
(4)、烧结:将石墨磨具放入到放电等离子烧结炉中进行烧结,烧结温度为1525℃,保温时间为5min,烧结压力为30MPa;
(5)、制备出叠层陶瓷刀具:烧结后冷却至室温,取出叠层陶瓷试样,对试样表面进行磨削、研磨和抛光,即可制备出叠层陶瓷刀具;
其中,氧化铝-硼化钛-石墨烯纳米片复合材料中亚微米氧化铝和硼化钛的比例为7-8:2-3;
亚微米氧化铝的平均粒径为0.2μm;硼化钛的平均粒径为0.5-1μm;氧化镁的平均粒径为0.5-2μm;氧化钇的平均粒径为0.5-2μm;氮化钛的平均粒径为0.02-1μm。
6.根据权利要求5所述的仿生叠层石墨烯复合陶瓷刀具的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中放电等离子烧结炉中烧结过程中升温速率包括如下三个阶段:
①、800℃以下升温速率为:100℃/min;
②、800℃-1200℃之间升温速率为:80℃/min;
③、1200℃-1525℃之间升温速率为:50℃/min。
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