CN1124510A - 具有高强度和高吸收能力的未起皱的穿透干燥毛巾纸和擦拭布 - Google Patents

具有高强度和高吸收能力的未起皱的穿透干燥毛巾纸和擦拭布 Download PDF

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CN1124510A
CN1124510A CN94192198A CN94192198A CN1124510A CN 1124510 A CN1124510 A CN 1124510A CN 94192198 A CN94192198 A CN 94192198A CN 94192198 A CN94192198 A CN 94192198A CN 1124510 A CN1124510 A CN 1124510A
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S·J·苏多尔
S·A·恩格尔
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Abstract

本发明可制得原纸厚度与原纸定量无关的未起皱穿透干燥原纸。通过将具有相当低定量的两层或更多层这样的原纸层合在一起而生产出的多层擦拭布和毛巾纸，对于给定的强度值和使用的纤维量而言，能提供出改善厚度和吸收能力的产品。

Description

具有高强度和高吸收能力的未 起皱的穿透干燥毛巾纸和擦拭布
                    发明背景
在大量的纸产品如毛巾纸和擦拭布等等的制造过程中，必须注意许多的产品特性，以使最终的产品具有适于其预定用途的适当调和的特性。在这些不同的特性中，改善强度、吸收能力、厚度和强度总是作为主要目的，特别是对于在服务业和工业行业中出售并使用的产品。至今为止，通常是使用湿压法来制造许多这些纸产品，其中，在最终干燥之前，通过从纸幅中压出或挤出水而从湿抄纸幅中除去大量水。特别是当由吸水造纸毛毯支承时，当纸幅传递至扬克式烘缸表面时，在毛毯和旋转加热的烘缸(扬克式烘缸)的表面之间挤压该纸幅。然而，利用刮刀刀片(起皱)从扬克式烘缸上取出纸幅，该刮刀刀片通过破裂在先前湿压阶段形成的许多键而用来使纸幅部分剥离。能对纸页进行干起皱或湿起皱。起皱通常能改善纸幅的柔软性，但要以显著地损失强度为代价。
近年来，穿透干燥已成为干燥纸幅更为普通的手段。通过将热空气穿过纸幅直至其干燥，穿透干燥提供了从纸幅中除去水的相对未压缩的方法。更具体地说，将湿抄纸幅从成形网传递至粗糙、高渗透性的穿透干燥合成网上，直至其干燥为止。因为只形成更少的键并且因为几乎不被压缩，所以，最终干燥的纸幅比常规干燥的未起皱纸页更柔软、更松厚。虽然消除了从纸幅中挤水，但仍可以使用压辊以随后将纸幅传递至扬克式烘缸，以进行起皱。
尽管存在着这样一种生产动机：即取消扬克式烘缸来制造未起皱的穿透干燥产品，但与其对应的起皱产品相比，未起皱穿透干燥纸页通常是挺硬的，并且如不进行压光处理手感粗糙。这部分是由于未起皱纸页的高挺度和强度造成的，但也有部分是由于纸页在其上成形和干燥的穿透干燥合成形的粗糙性造成的。因此，至今为止，未起皱穿透干燥纸页的应用只局限于主要考虑高强度的应用场合。
因此，需要具有改善的性能调和的未起皱穿透干燥纸产品，以用作擦拭布或毛巾纸。
                    发明概要
业已发现，某些未起皱穿透干燥原纸，特别是相当低定量的未起皱穿透干燥原纸，该原纸的厚度基本上与纸页的定量无关。(在此所使用的原纸是在如压光、压花等后处理之前从纸机上得到的干燥纸页。)例如，通过用相对低定量的未起皱穿透干燥原纸生产多层毛巾纸或擦拭布，而不是用单层、高定量未起皱纸页制造这些产品，相对于所用的纤维量，特别是相对于给定强度值的吸收能力和厚度，能获得改善的性能。因此，能生产出与目前市售产品相比更高湿、干厚度的多层毛巾纸和擦拭布，同时具有能与更好的起皱多层产品匹敌或更好的性能调和，并具有超过现有的未起皱穿透干燥产品的性能调和。
另外还发现，某些未起皱穿透干燥原纸的吸水能力也与通过如起皱、压花或压光的干燥后处理所赋予的纸页的厚度无关。与常规的遇水塌陷的湿压起皱纸幅不同，本发现某些实施方案的未起皱纸页遇水时其厚度将大大增加，湿厚度对干厚度的比约为1.5或更大。对于用来清除水或水滴的产品而言，重要的是，优选在制造纸页的纤维配料中存在有湿强树脂，这是因为湿强树脂能增强纸页的湿“记忆”，以使该纸页当湿至其干燥后处理之前的条件时能复原。然而，对于完全用来擦去油或其它非极性液体产品如某些工业擦拭布来说，不需要有湿强树脂。
因此，本发明的一方面为未起皱穿透干燥纸页的制造方法，包括：(a)将造纸纤维的水悬浮液沉积在带孔的成形网上，成形网留着纤维并让水通过，以形成湿纸幅；(b)将该纸幅脱水至约10-30％浓度；(c)将脱水的纸幅传递至具有三维表面轮廓的穿透干燥合成网上，表面轮廓的Z-方向尺寸或深度远大于湿纸幅的厚度，而且通过正和/或负压，使该湿纸幅构成穿透干燥合成网的表面轮廓；(d)穿透干燥该纸幅，其中，于燥纸幅的干厚度(后面将定义)与纸幅的定量基本无关。
另一方面，本发明涉及干厚度与原纸定量无关的未起皱穿透干燥原纸；所述的原纸的干厚度约为0.4mm或更大，吸水能力约为500％或更高，纵向伸长率约为10％或更高。
另一方面，本发明涉及用作擦拭布或毛巾纸的压光多层纤维素产品；该产品包含两层或更多层每层定量约为10-30g/m2的未起皱穿透干燥层并含有湿强树脂，其中，湿厚度对干厚度之比约为1.5或更大。
另一方面，本发明涉及用作擦拭布或毛巾纸的多层纤维素产品，该产品包含两层或更多层每层定量约为10-30g/m2的未起皱穿透干燥纸页或层，每层的纵向抗张强度约为1000g或更大，每层未压光的干厚度和/或湿厚度(后面将定义)约为0.4mm或更厚。
另一方面，本发明涉及用作擦拭布或毛巾纸的多层纤维素产品，该产品包含两层或更多层未起皱穿透干燥层，并具有与产品的干厚度无关的吸水能力。对两层产品而言，压光的干厚度可适当地从约0.3-约0.6mm。对三层产品而言，压光的干厚度可适当地从约0.5-1mm。对四层产品而言，压光的干厚度可适当地从约1-约1.3mm。对于所有这些产品的吸水能力可为约1000％或更高。
另一方面，本发明涉及用作擦拭布或毛巾纸的多层纤维素产品，该产品包含两层或更多层每层定量为约10-约30g/m2的未起皱穿透干燥纸页或层，并具有每层约1000g或更高的纵向抗张强度，所述的多层产品的吸水能力约为800％或更高，吸水速率约为1秒或更低。
另一方面，本发明涉及用作擦拭布或毛巾纸的多层纤维素产品，该产品包含两层或更多层每层定量为约10-30g/m2的未起皱穿透干燥纸页或层，每层的纵向抗张强度约为1000g或更高，所述的多层产品的吸油能力约为300％重量或更高，吸油速率约为20秒或更低。
下面将更详细地描述本发明的这些和其它的方面。
用于本发明的合适的纤维素纤维包括，任意比例的二次(回用)造纸纤维和原纤维。这些纤维包括(非限定性的)阔叶木和针叶木纤维以及菲木质纤维，也能包括非纤维素的合成纤维作为配料的一部分。业已发现，主要或全部使用二次纤维，能制得具有独特性能平衡的高质量的产品。
用于本发明的各穿透干燥纸页或层的最终定量优选为约10-约30g/m2，更好为约15-25g/m2，最佳为约20g/m2。能将这些穿透干燥纸页层合在一起，以形成两层、三层、四层或更多层的多层产品。对于所用量的纤维而言，这些多层产品具有意想不到的高厚度和高吸收特性。本发明多层产品的定量与层数以及每层的定量有关。
如果希望增加最终产品的湿强度，可向配料添加湿强树脂。目前最常使用的湿强树脂为命名为聚酰胺-聚胺表氯醇树脂的这类聚合物。有许多这些树脂的供应商，它们包括，Hercules，Inc.(Kymene)，HenKel Corp.(Fibrabond)，Borden Chemical(Cascamide)，Georgia-Pacific Corp.等等。这些聚合物的特征在于，具有聚酰胺主链，该主链含有沿其分布的活性交联基团。已发现可用于本发明的其它湿强剂包括，基于聚合物树脂的甲醛交联的湿强剂。这些湿强剂的典型代表为脲-甲醛型树脂和蜜胺-甲醛型树脂。尽管不常用聚酰胺-聚胺表氯醇型树脂，但它们仍可用于本发明。还有，发现可用于本发明的第三类湿强树脂是聚酰胺树脂的醛衍生物类。举例性的这些树脂有，由American Cyanamid出售的商品名为Parez的材料以及授于Procter&Gamble的US5085736,5088344和4981557中所述的材料。
适于本发明的所添加的树脂的有效量为约4磅树脂(绝干固体)/吨纤维，至约30磅树脂(绝干固体)/吨纤维。所用材料的准确用量将取决于所用树脂的具体种类，所用纤维的种类，所用成形装置的种类以及产品和要求。通常，所用树脂的优选用量为每吨纤维约5-约20磅。这些材料通常在靠近纸机湿端添加，并在纸页成形前被吸附到纤维和细小纤维的表面上。产生希望的作用所需树脂的不同用量是由不同的树脂效率，纤维和可能包含在纤维中的掺杂物种类的不同所造成的(特别重要的是使用二次或回用纤维时)。
合适的成形方法包括造纸工业上熟知的长网和其它常规的成形方法。双网成形器特别适合于与本发明毛巾纸和擦拭布有关的相当低的定量。成形网也可是常规的，优选用较细纤维织造用较粗纤维支撑，以生产出更光滑的纸页或纸幅。合适的成形网包括由Asten FormingFabrics Inc.，(Appleton，Wisconsin)制造并命名为856A或866A的那些成形网。另外，也可使用100目的不锈钢网或单丝网。
干燥方法可以是用来增加湿纸幅厚度的任何无压缩的干燥方法，包括(非限定性的)穿透干燥，红外幅照，微波干燥等。由于其商业上的可用性和实用性的缘故，穿透干燥是熟知的和优选的非压缩地干燥纸幅的方法。穿透干燥方法和设备可是常规的，如造纸工业中所熟知的。合适的穿透干燥方法描述于US5048589(1991年授予Cook等人)，题目为“Non-Creped Hand or Wiper Iowel”和US4440597(1984年授予Wells等人)，题目为“湿法-微起皱纸及其制备方法”，在此引入作为参考。
高伸长率纸页是我们所希望的，并可通过如上述Wells专利中所述的在成形网和穿透干燥合成网之间或在该过程的湿端中使用的任何其它织物之间使用不同的速度或急速传递而实现。也能在成形网和穿透干燥合成网之间使用一个或多个递纸织物，如以Steven A.Engel等人的名义于1993年3月24日申请的题目为“光滑未起皱穿透干燥纸页的制造方法”的共同待批申请(申请号08/036649)中所披露的那样，以提供增加的伸长率并生产出更光滑的纸页。在干燥的未起皱纸页中，优选伸长率为约5-40％，最好是约15-30％。合适的穿透干燥合成网包括(菲限定性的)也是由Asten制造的Asten920A和937A，以及Velostar P800和103A。这些合成网显示了足够的三维数，以提供与纸幅定量无关的厚度。该合成网的三维数可通过在合成网的经节和纬节之间的Z-方向距离而定量。上述合成网经纬节间的距离为约0.17mm-约0.38mm。预期多层合成网甚至会有更大的三维数。例如，通过使用本发明的Asten Velostar P800穿透干燥合成网，未起皱穿透干燥纸页的定量为约14，18，21，27，30和32g/m2，而通过不同但类似的厚度测量法所测得的干厚度基本相同，均为约0.5mm。
为形成本发明产品而进行的不同未起皱穿透干燥层的连接可通过如造纸工业中熟知的层连接方法而进行。在后面实施例中所述的本发明的多层产品是用面朝外的外层光面层合在一起的。层的光面是在干燥期间不与穿透干燥合成网接触的那一面，常被称为纸页的“气面”。在干燥期间与穿透干燥合成网接触的纸页面常被称为纸页的“干燥面”据信，对多层产品而言，通过将各层邻接的气面层合在一起，能获得甚至更大的厚度。
取决于产品的形式，本发明的产品的纵向抗张强度可为每层约1000g或更大，优选约2000g或更大，纵向伸长率为约10％或更大，优选约15％至约25％。更具体地说，对于毛巾纸其纵向抗张强度为约1500g或更大，而对于擦拭布其纵向抗张强度约为2000g或更大。本发明两层产品的纵向抗张强度约为4000g或更大，本发明三层产品的纵向抗张强度约为5500g或更大，本发明四层产品的纵向抗张强度约为7500g或更大，对于多层产品来说纵向抗张强度更大。抗张强度和伸长率是根据ASTM D1117-6和D1682测量的。在此使用的抗张强度以每3英寸(7.62cm)宽试样的克力表示，但为方便起见，简单地表示为“g”。
本发明产品的吸水能力至少为约500％重量，更好约800％或更高，最好为约1000％或更高。吸水能力指的是经一段时间产品吸水的能力，与产品处于饱和点时所留着的总水量有关。用来测量“吸水能力”的具体步骤描述于联邦规范号UU-T-595C(Federal SpecificationNo.UU-T-595C)中，并以所吸收水的重量除以试样重量的百分数示表示。
另外，本发明产品还具有约1秒或更短时间的吸水速率。吸水速率为根据联邦规范UU-P-31b，从水滴下至渗入毛巾纸或擦拭布表面所需的时间。
本发明产品的吸油能力约为300％重量或更高，优选约400％或更高，合适地为约400-550％重量。用来测量“吸油能力”的步骤根据联邦规范UUT595B来测量。
本发明产品的吸油速率约为20秒或更短，优选约10秒或更短，更佳约5秒或更短。吸油速率根据联邦规范UU-P-31b来测量。
本发明多层产品的干厚度约为0.6mm或更大，优选约0.9mm或更大，合适地为约0.8mm-约1.3mm。本发明多层产品的各个未压光原纸或层的干厚度约为每层0.4mm或更大，优选约每层0.6mm或更大，合适地为约0.4-约0.8mm。干厚度是在控制的负荷下测得的干产品或层的厚度。干厚度的测定方法采用了Starrett千分表(从MitutoyoCorporation购得的2320型，Landic Mita Building，31-19Shiba，5-Chome Minato-Ku，Tokyo 108，Japan)和100mm×100mm的塑料块(Plastic block)(LUCITE)。对LUCITE块的中心作标记，以使计量基准点对准塑料块的中心。该块的厚度是这样的，以使塑料块重量所给出的总力都施加在试样上并且千分表弹力为225g。将待测试样切成100mm×100mm。在试样中不能有任何折痕，皱折或皱纹。将试样置于LUCITE块下面，并将塑料块和试样置于计量基准点下面，计量基准点对准塑料块的中心。15-20秒后，计量基准点渐渐松开，读出干厚度最接近0.01mm。对另外四个代表性试样重复该步骤，并将五个试样的结果取平均值。
本发明多层产品的湿厚度约为0.60mm或更大。对于三层产品，湿厚度可适当地从约0.70-约1.2mm。四层产品将有更高的厚度。各层的湿厚度约为0.4mm或更大，优选约0.6mm或更大，适当地约从0.4-约0.8mm，除在水浴中将试样浸泡至完全饱和以外，用与上述用于干厚度所述相同的方法测量湿厚度。小心地抓住试样的两个邻角将试样从水中取出，当试样取出时，通过使试样从水浴容器的边缘拖着取出而除去多余的水。从一边(而不是一角)将试样放在LUCITE块的下边，以防止形成气泡、皱折和皱纹。然后如从于上述的干厚度所述，测量湿厚度。
在下面的实施例中将更详细地描述本发明的这些和其它的方面。
                    实施例实施例1
制备含约0.2％重量纤维的100％二次造纸纤维的水悬浮液。将纤维悬浮液送至双网网前箱(流浆箱)并沉积至成形网上。成形网的孔隙体积为64.5％的Asten 866。成形网的速度为2234英尺/分钟。在传递至运行速度为1862英尺/分钟(20％的差动速度)递纸织物之前，使用从成形网下的真空吸水、将新成形纸幅的含水量脱至约20％重量。递纸织物为孔隙体积为61.6％的Asten 937织物。这些织物(网)是这样设置的：成形网紧靠着递线织物。递纸板设置在递纸织物后面，并吃入成形网，因此它能移动递纸织物，但不能移动成形网。在造纸技术中，这种设置被称为织物间的切向接触或吻合接触。真空板有5英寸泵柱的真空，以使递纸不会使纸幅压实。然而将纸幅传递至以1862英尺/分钟运行的Asten Velostar 800穿透干燥合成网上。将纸幅通过在约350°F下操作的蜂窝状穿透干燥器，并干燥至最终干度(约2％水份)。将得到的原纸卷入软胶辊，然而通过卷边将相同的原纸层合在一起以生产出两层的毛巾纸。实施例2
如例1所述制造两层毛巾纸，所不同的是以1磅/线性英寸的压力对所得的两层毛巾纸进行轻微地压光。实施例3
除压光压力为约58磅/线性英寸外，如例2所述制备两层毛巾纸。实施例4
除压光压力为约112磅/线性英寸外，如例2所述制备两层毛巾纸。实施例5
通过将如例1所述制得的三层原纸卷边层合在一起而制得三层毛巾纸，并对该三层产品轻微压光。实施例6
通过将如例1所述制得的层原纸卷边层合在一起而制得四层毛巾纸，并对该四层产品轻微压光。
测量如上所述制备的产品的物理性能，结果列于下表1。为了进行对比，将某些市售的毛巾纸和擦拭布的性能列于表2。在表1和2中使用的“技术”指的是由此制得产品的方法；“UCTAD”意思是未起皱穿透干燥：“CTAD”意指起皱穿透干燥：“CWP”意指起皱湿压。在表中所用的其它术语以及它们的意义如下：“Basio Wt”为以g/m2表示的产品的定量；“Plieo”为产品中的层数；“MD Tensile。为纵向抗张强度，以g/3英寸(7.62cm)表示；“CD Tensile”为以g/3英寸(7.62cm)表示的横向抗张强度；“Agueous Abs Cap”为以重量百分数表示的吸水能力；“Agueous Abs Rate”为以秒表示的吸水速率：“Oil Abs Cap”为以重量百分数表示的吸油能力：“OilAbs Rate”为以秒表示的吸油速率；“Dry Cal”为以mm表示的干厚度；“Wet Cal”为以mm表的湿厚度；“Stretch”为以百分伸长率表示的纵向伸长率。
            表1(本发明的产品)产品             例1   例2   例3   例4  例5   例6技术            UCTAD UCTAD UCTAD UCTAD UCTAD UCTAD定量            44.70 43.85 42.41 42.50 65.5  84.5层数              2     2     2     2     3     4MD抗张强度      4122  4012  3970  3959  5470  7630CD抗张强度      4244  4098  3870  3885  5570  5460吸水能力        1060  1084  1104  1000  1060  1235吸水速率        0.62  0.64  0.66  0.68  0.70  0.70吸油能力        435   430   395   300   445   445吸油速率        2.3   2.3   7.0   11.5  3.0   2.5干厚度          0.91  0.63  0.41  0.31  1.01  1.25湿厚度          0.82  0.71  0.62  0.57  1.09  1.37伸长率          20.5  19.1  16.3  16.8  18.0  17.0
              表2(市售产品)产品          BOUNTY SURPASS KLEENEX KLEENEX技术           CTAD      UCTAD       CWP        UCTAD定量           49.00     47.4        47         49层数            2         1           2          1MD抗张强度     2415      6460        3145       3615CD抗张强度     1810      4180        3305       3515吸水能力       1015      360         425        470吸水速率       0.5       0.9         1.70       1.70吸油能力       550       305         275        275吸油速率       3.6       85.0        12.3       100.0干厚度         0.66      0.49        0.29       0.35湿厚度         0.66      0.44        0.29       0.48伸长率         15.0      5.0         24.0       5.0
这些数据表明，由于厚度与定量无关，因此本发明的多层未起皱穿透干燥产品具有比表2市售产品更高的厚度(未压光)，并且具有更好的包括强度和吸收能力在内的性能平衡。
应明白的是，前面的实施例只是用来说明本发明，而不构成对本发明范围的限定，本发明由下面的权利要求及其所有的等同物来限定。

Claims (46)

1.一种干厚度与原纸定量无关的未起皱穿透干燥原纸，所述原纸的干厚度为0.4mm或更大，吸水能力为500％或更大，纵向伸长率为10％或更大。
2.一种用作擦拭布或毛巾纸的压光多层纤维素产品，它包含两层或更多层每层定量为10至30g/m2的未起皱穿透干燥层并含有湿强树脂，其中，湿厚度对干厚度之比为1.5或更大。
3.一种用作擦拭布或毛巾纸的多层纤维素产品，它包含两层或更多层每层定量为10至30g/m2的未起皱穿透干燥层，每层的纵向抗张强度为1000g或更大，每层的未压光干厚度为0.4mm或更大。
4.如权利要求3的产品，其包含两层未起皱穿透干燥层，并具有0.9mm或更大的组合干厚度。
5.如权利要求3的产品，其包含三层未起皱穿透干燥层，并具有1mm或更大的组合干厚度。
6.如权利要求3的产品，其包含四层未起皱穿透干燥层，并具有1.2mm或更大的组合于厚度。
7.如权利要求3的产品，其中每层的干厚度为0.6mm或更大。
8.如权利要求3的产品，其中每层的干厚度为0.4-0.8mm。
9.如权利要求3的产品，其中每层的湿厚度为0.4mm或更大。
10.如权利要求3的产品，其中每层的湿厚度为0.6mm或更大。
11.如权利要求3的产品，其中每层的湿厚度为0.4-0.8mm。
12.如权利要求3的产品，其纵向伸长率为10％或更大。
13.如权利要求3的产品，其纵向伸长率为15-30％。
14.如权利要求3的产品，其纵向伸长率为20％。
15.如权利要求3的产品，其吸水能力为800％或更大。
16.如权利要求3的产品，其吸水能力为1000％或更大。
17.如权利要求3的产品，其吸油能力为300％或更大。
18.如权利要求3的产品，其吸油能力为400％或更大。
19.如权利要求3的产品，其吸油能力为400-550％。
20.如权利要求3的产品，其吸油速率为20秒或更短。
21.如权利要求3的产品，其吸油速率为5秒或更短。
22.如权利要求3的产品，其中各层主要含二次纤维。
23.如权利要求3的产品，该产品有两层，并且纵向抗张强度为4000g或更大。
24.如权利要求3的产品，该产品有三层，并且纵向抗张强度为5500g或更大。
25.如权利要求3的产品，该产品有四层，并且纵向抗张强度为7500g或更大。
26.一种用作擦拭布或毛巾纸的压光多层纤维素产品，它包含两层或更多层未起皱穿透干燥层，并具有与产品干厚度无关的吸水能力。
27.如权利要求26的产品，其具有800％或更大的吸水能力。
23.如权利要求26的产品，其有两层以及0.3-0.6mm的干厚度。
29.如权利要求26的产品.其有三层以及0.5至1mm的干厚度。
30.如权利要求26的产品，其有四层以及1至1.3mm的干厚度。
31.如权利要求26的产品，其主要含有二次纤维。
32.一种用作擦拭布或毛巾纸的多层纤维素产品，它包含两层或更多层每层定量为10至30g/m2的未起皱穿透干燥层，并具有每层1000g或更大的纵向抗张强度，所述的多层产品的吸水能力为800％或更大，吸水速率为1秒或更短。
33.如权利要求32的产品，其主要含有二次纤维。
34.一种用作擦拭布或毛巾纸的多层纤维素产品，它包含两层或多层每层定量为10至30g/m2的未起皱穿透干燥层，并具有每层1000g或更大的纵向抗张强度，所述的多层产品的吸油能力为300％重量或更大，吸油速率为20秒或更短。
35.如权利要求34的产品，其主要含有二次纤维。
36.一种用作擦拭布或毛巾纸的多层纤维素产品，包含两层或多层每层定量为10至30g/m2的未起皱穿透干燥层，纵向抗张强度为2000g或更大，每层的干厚度为0.4mm或更大，每层的湿厚度为0.4mm或更大，吸油能力为300％或更大，吸水能力为800％或更大，吸油速率为20秒或更短，纵向伸长率为10％或更大。
37.如权利要求36的产品，其有两层未起皱穿透干燥层。
38.如权利要求36的产品，其有三层未起皱穿透干燥层。
39.如权利要求36的产品，其有四层未起皱穿透干燥层。
40.如权利要求36的产品，其主要含有二次纤维。
41.一种未起皱穿透干燥纸页的制造方法，包括：
(a)将造纸纤维的水悬浮液沉积在带孔的成形网上，该成形网留下纤维并让水穿过，以形成湿纸幅；
(b)将该纸幅脱水至10-30％的浓度：
(c)将该脱水的纸幅传递至表面轮廓的深度远大于湿纸幅厚度的三维表面轮廓的穿透干燥合成网上，并使湿纸幅构成穿透干燥合成网的表面轮廓；
(d)穿透干燥该纸幅，其中，纸幅的干厚度与纸幅的定量基本无关。
42.如权利要求41的方法，其中纸幅的干厚度为0.4mm或更大。
43.如权利要求41的方法，其中纸幅的纵向抗张强度为1000g或更大。
44.如权利要求41的方法，其中纸幅的定量为10-50g/m2。
45.如权利要求41的方法，其中纸幅的湿厚度为0.4mm或更大，并且也与纸幅的定量基本无关。
46.如权利要求41的方法，其中纸幅的定量为10-30g/m2。
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CA2105344C (en) 2005-01-11
CA2105344A1 (en) 1994-11-22
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KR100312394B1 (ko) 2001-12-28
EP0699251B1 (en) 2001-10-24
DE69428790T2 (de) 2002-08-08
US5399412A (en) 1995-03-21
WO1994028244A1 (en) 1994-12-08
AU682039B2 (en) 1997-09-18
EP1103656A2 (en) 2001-05-30
US5616207A (en) 1997-04-01
FR2705219A1 (fr) 1994-11-25
FR2705219B1 (fr) 1998-01-09
EP1111129A2 (en) 2001-06-27
EP0699251A1 (en) 1996-03-06
CN1047642C (zh) 1999-12-22
AU6784194A (en) 1994-12-20
FR2715052A1 (fr) 1995-07-21
ES2161767T3 (es) 2001-12-16
DE69428790D1 (de) 2001-11-29
JPH08510797A (ja) 1996-11-12
FR2715052B1 (fr) 1998-01-09
TW257805B (zh) 1995-09-21
EP1103656A3 (en) 2004-06-02

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