CN112449824A - Automatic and accurate orchard no-tillage fertilization method - Google Patents
Automatic and accurate orchard no-tillage fertilization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112449824A CN112449824A CN202011134848.5A CN202011134848A CN112449824A CN 112449824 A CN112449824 A CN 112449824A CN 202011134848 A CN202011134848 A CN 202011134848A CN 112449824 A CN112449824 A CN 112449824A
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- bevel gear
- storage tank
- shell
- fertilizer
- driving device
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- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012840 feeding operation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/005—Undercarriages, tanks, hoppers, stirrers specially adapted for seeders or fertiliser distributors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/04—Machines for making or covering holes for sowing or planting
Abstract
The invention provides an orchard no-tillage automatic precise fertilization method, which relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and comprises the following steps: fertilizer is poured into the shell through the feeding funnel, the fertilizer entering the shell falls into the storage tank on the rotating wheel through the feeding hole, and at the moment, waste materials in the storage tank are ready for use; a person holds the handrail to move the shell to the position near the fruit tree to be fertilized; the invention not only can be moved simply and conveniently to ensure that the invention can be conveniently moved to the position of a fruit tree to be fertilized, but also can automatically complete a series of operations of fertilizer feeding, hole drilling, fertilization and soil covering, so that the fertilizer is directly applied to the position near the trunk of the fruit tree, the utilization efficiency and the effect of the fertilizer are improved, the fertilizer consumption is saved, the fertilization cost is reduced, the operation of the invention is very simple, and the manpower and material resources are further saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, in particular to an automatic and accurate orchard fertilization method without tillage.
Background
When fertilizing fruit trees, the traditional method is to plough or excavate the back with the orchard and fertilize, harrows or earthing again, and not only waste time and energy, the operation difficulty can not realize accurate fertilization moreover, and fertilizer use amount is great, and is extravagant comparatively serious, causes orchard manufacturing cost to improve, and fertilizer availability factor and effect reduce.
The inventor finds that in the fruit tree fertilization process in an orchard, if the position close to the root of a fruit tree in soil can be fertilized with granular fertilizer, the granular fertilizer directly acts on the root of the fruit tree, is favorable for direct absorption of the fruit tree, realizes accurate fertilization, reduces the use amount of the fertilizer, improves the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer, and reduces the pollution to the soil and the environment.
Through retrieval discovery, disclose a backpack orchard accurate fertilizer injection unit of no-tillage in the chinese patent that the grant bulletin number is CN105706599B, backpack can fertilizer both sides have adjustable braces, through fertilizer delivery hose and stick formula fertilizer blanking barrel intercommunication, fertilizer delivery hose is equipped with the switch, the staving middle part outside is equipped with into native footboard, the lower part is adjustable fertilizer conveying pipe of degree of depth and duckbilled formula fertilization mouth, open the staving top has the disappointing mouth of negative pressure, in the staving, negative pressure pipe is connected with the pull rod handle that opens and shuts in the soil, negative pressure pipe passes through the disappointing mouth of negative pressure in the soil, and pass staving fertilizer push away the pressure dish and be connected with the flexible connecting rod that opens and shuts.
However, in the actual use of the technical scheme, the inventor finds that the fertilizer cannot be automatically covered with soil after entering the soil pit, manual soil covering is needed, and a manual step is needed to be pressed into the soil pedal before fertilization, so that the barrel body can enter the soil to perform fertilization operation, and not only is the operation very inconvenient, but also the labor intensity is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an orchard no-tillage automatic precise fertilization method, and aims to solve the problems that in the orchard no-tillage automatic precise fertilization method in the prior art, after fertilizer enters a soil pit, soil covering operation cannot be automatically carried out, manual soil covering is needed, and before fertilization, a barrel body enters soil, a soil pedal needs to be manually pressed, so that fertilization operation can be carried out only when the barrel body enters the soil, operation is very inconvenient, and labor intensity is increased.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the orchard no-tillage automatic precise fertilization method comprises the following steps:
firstly, fertilizer is poured into a shell through a feeding funnel, the fertilizer entering the shell falls into a storage tank on a rotating wheel through a feeding hole, and at the moment, waste materials in the storage tank are ready for use;
step two, a person holds the handrail to move the shell to the position near a fruit tree to be fertilized, the first electric telescopic rod is started through an external switch, the movable end of the lower part of the first electric telescopic rod drives the drill bit to move downwards and extend out of the lower part of the shell, the first rotary driving device is started to enable the drill bit to rotate, and the movable end of the lower part of the first electric telescopic rod continues to drive the drill bit to move downwards and drill a pit on the ground;
thirdly, after the drill bit drills into a certain underground position, the first rotary driving device is reset through an external switch again, and the movable end of the lower part of the first electric telescopic rod drives the drill bit to move upwards for resetting;
step four, after the lower part expansion end of the first electric telescopic rod resets, the first infrared switch emitter corresponds to the first infrared switch receiver at the moment, the first infrared switch receiver senses the signal and transmits the signal to the PLC controller, the PLC controller controls the second rotation driving device to start, the rotation wheel is enabled to rotate, the storage tank filled with the fertilizer to be used rotates to the position of the discharge port along with the rotation wheel, the fertilizer to be used falls into a pit drilled by a drill bit through the discharge port, the fertilizing operation is realized, meanwhile, in the rotating process of the rotation wheel, the empty storage tank corresponding to the discharge port originally rotates to the position corresponding to the feed port, the fertilizer is enabled to be loaded into the storage tank again for use, and the continuous feeding operation is realized;
step five, the rotating wheel stops rotating under the control action of a PLC controller after rotating once, at the moment, when the operations of fertilization and feeding are carried out, a second infrared switch emitter on the rotating wheel corresponds to a second infrared switch receiver in position, the second infrared switch receiver senses a signal and transmits the signal to the PLC controller, the PLC controller controls a second electric telescopic rod and a third rotation driving device to start, a lifting plate is driven by a lower movable end of the second electric telescopic rod to move downwards, and the lifting plate moves downwards along with the scraping plate until sawteeth on the lower portion of the scraping plate are in contact with the ground;
and step six, the third rotation driving device drives the first driving straight gear to rotate, the first driving straight gear drives the first driven bevel gear to rotate, the hollow rotating shaft is driven to rotate by the rotation of the first driven bevel gear, the hollow rotating disc is driven to rotate by the rotation of the hollow rotating shaft, the soil scraping plate and the saw teeth rotate, the saw teeth scrape out the ground soil at the drilling pit, and the soil is concentrated at the drilling pit by the soil scraping plate under the action of centrifugal force, so that the drilling pit is covered.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that the method also comprises the following steps: and opening the maintenance door arranged on the shell, taking out the inner ring in the storage tank, or selecting the inner rings with different inner diameters to be loaded into the storage tank, and then closing the maintenance door again, so that the capacity of containing fertilizer in the storage tank is changed.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that the method also comprises the following steps: and starting the fourth rotation driving device to enable the main shaft to rotate, wherein the rotation of the main shaft drives the first cross rod to rotate around the main shaft and also drives the forward rotation material turning plate to rotate around the main shaft, the rotation of the main shaft also enables the second driving bevel gear to rotate, the third driven bevel gear rotates in the opposite direction through the transmission effect of the second driven bevel gear, so that the second cross rod is driven to rotate around the output end of the third driven bevel gear in the opposite direction, the reverse rotation material turning plate rotates around the output end of the third driven bevel gear in the opposite direction, and the forward rotation material turning plate and the reverse rotation material turning plate rotate around the same axis and rotate in the opposite direction.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that the automatic no-tillage precise fertilization method for the orchard adopts an automatic no-tillage precise fertilization device for the orchard, which comprises a shell, a partition is fixedly connected to the lower side inside the shell, a rotating wheel is arranged between the lower side of the partition and the lower side wall body of the shell, the rotating wheel is in contact with the lower surface of the partition and the lower side wall body of the shell, at least two storage tanks which are communicated up and down are arranged on the rotating wheel along the circumferential direction of the rotating wheel, a feed inlet which can be communicated with one of the storage tanks is arranged at the eccentric position of the partition, a first rotating driving device for driving the rotating wheel to rotate is arranged on the partition, a fixed cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper part of the partition, a first electric telescopic rod is arranged in the fixed cylinder, and a second rotating driving device is arranged at the movable end of the lower part of the first electric telescopic rod, a drill bit is installed on the lower driving end of the second rotary driving device, a through hole is formed in the middle of the partition plate, a discharge hole is formed in the lower side wall body of the shell, when a storage tank is overlapped with the through hole and the discharge hole, the fixed cylinder, the through hole, the storage tank and the discharge hole are communicated with each other and the drill bit can pass through the storage tank, the lower surface of the shell is connected with a lifting plate through a second electric telescopic rod, a hollow rotating shaft is rotatably connected onto the lifting plate and corresponds to the upper position and the lower position of the discharge hole, the drill bit can pass through the hollow rotating shaft, a first driven bevel gear is arranged on the hollow rotating shaft, a third rotary driving device is installed on the lifting plate, the output end of the third rotary driving device is connected with a first driving bevel gear meshed with the first driven bevel gear, and the lower part of the, the lower surface of the hollow rotary table is fixedly connected with at least two soil scraping plates which are rotationally and symmetrically arranged along the circumferential direction of the hollow rotary table, and the lower surfaces of the soil scraping plates are provided with sawteeth.
According to the further technical scheme, the storage tank is in a stepped hole shape, an inner ring is arranged in the storage tank, and the shape of the inner ring is a stepped double-layer cylinder so that the inner ring can be loaded into the storage tank in a matched mode.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that the device also comprises a mixing mechanism for mixing different types of granular fertilizers in the shell, the mixing mechanism is arranged on a fourth rotary driving device on the shell, the output end of the fourth rotary driving device is fixedly connected with a main shaft extending to the inside of the shell, a first cross rod is fixedly connected onto the main shaft, at least two forward turning plates are fixedly connected onto the first cross rod along the circumferential direction of the main shaft, a second driving bevel gear is fixedly connected onto the bottom end of the main shaft, the second driving bevel gear is arranged in an installation shell, the installation shell is fixedly connected with a partition plate through a fixing rod, a second driven bevel gear meshed with the second driving bevel gear is rotatably arranged on the inner side surface of the installation shell, a third driven bevel gear meshed with the second driven bevel gear is rotatably arranged on the lower side inside the installation shell, and the axes of the third driven bevel gear and the second driving bevel gear are overlapped, the output end of the third driven bevel gear extends out of the lower part of the mounting shell and is fixedly connected with a second cross rod, and the second cross rod is fixedly connected with at least two reverse material turning plates along the circumferential direction of the output end of the third driven bevel gear.
According to the further technical scheme, a first infrared switch emitter is mounted at the lower movable end of the first electric telescopic rod, and a first infrared switch receiver which can be in a position corresponding to the first infrared switch emitter is mounted inside the fixed cylinder.
According to the further technical scheme, at least two second infrared switch emitters corresponding to the storage bin are arranged on the circumferential surface of the rotating wheel, and a second infrared switch receiver capable of corresponding to the second infrared switch emitters is arranged on the lower portion of the partition plate.
According to the further technical scheme, the first infrared switch emitter, the first infrared switch receiver, the second infrared switch emitter, the second infrared switch receiver, the first electric telescopic rod, the first rotation driving device, the second rotation driving device, the third rotation driving device and the second electric telescopic rod are electrically connected with the PLC.
According to a further technical scheme, the caster wheels are mounted on the lower portion of the shell, the storage battery is arranged on the shell, the feeding hopper is communicated with the upper portion of the shell, the cover body covers the feeding hopper, and the handrail is arranged on the side wall of the shell.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the fruit tree fertilizing machine can be moved simply and conveniently, so that the fruit tree fertilizing machine can be conveniently moved to the position of a fruit tree to be fertilized, and can automatically complete a series of operations of fertilizer feeding, pit drilling, fertilizing and soil covering, so that fertilizer is directly applied to the position close to the trunk of the fruit tree, the utilization efficiency and the fertilizer effect of the fertilizer are improved, the fertilizer consumption is saved, the fertilizing cost is reduced, the operation of the fruit tree fertilizing machine is very simple, and manpower and material resources are further saved;
2. in the invention, the inner ring in the storage tank is taken out, or the inner rings with different inner diameters are selected to be arranged in the storage tank, so that the capacity of the storage tank for containing fertilizer is changed, and the fertilizing amount can be conveniently adjusted;
3. in the invention, the forward turning material-overturning plate and the reverse turning material-overturning plate rotate around the same axis and reversely, so that the mixing of different types of fertilizers in the shell is further improved, the fertilizers are mixed more uniformly, and the fertilizing quality is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an unused state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the drill according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a soil covering state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of fig. 1 from direction B.
Fig. 6 is an external view of fig. 1.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an unused state according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along line C-C of fig. 7.
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an unused state in another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-9, an automatic and precise orchard fertilization method without tillage includes the following steps:
firstly, fertilizer is poured into the shell 1 through the feeding funnel 36, the fertilizer entering the shell 1 falls into the storage tank 5 on the rotating wheel 4 through the feeding hole 9, and the waste material in the storage tank 5 is ready for use;
step two, a person holds the handrail 38 to move the shell 1 to the position near a fruit tree to be fertilized, the first electric telescopic rod 12 is started through an external switch, the movable end of the lower part of the first electric telescopic rod 12 drives the drill bit 18 to move downwards and extend out of the lower part of the shell 1, the first rotary driving device is started to enable the drill bit 18 to rotate, and the movable end of the lower part of the first electric telescopic rod 12 continuously drives the drill bit 18 to move downwards and drill a pit on the ground;
thirdly, after the drill bit 18 drills into the ground to a certain position, the first rotary driving device is reset through an external switch again, and the movable end of the lower part of the first electric telescopic rod 12 drives the drill bit 18 to move upwards for resetting;
step four, after the lower movable end of the first electric telescopic rod 12 is reset, at the moment, the first infrared switch emitter 13 corresponds to the first infrared switch receiver 14 in position, the first infrared switch receiver 14 senses a signal and transmits the signal to the PLC controller 21, the PLC controller 21 controls the second rotation driving device to be started, so that the rotating wheel 4 rotates, the storage tank 5 filled with the fertilizer to be used rotates to the position of the discharge port 22 along with the rotating wheel 4, the fertilizer to be used falls into a pit drilled by the drill bit 18 through the discharge port 22, so that the fertilizer application operation is realized, meanwhile, in the rotating process of the rotating wheel 4, the empty storage tank 5 originally corresponding to the discharge port 22 rotates to the position corresponding to the feed port 9, the fertilizer is loaded into the storage tank 5 again for use, and the continuous feeding operation is realized;
step five, the rotating wheel 4 stops rotating under the control of a PLC controller after rotating once, at the moment, when fertilizing and feeding are carried out, the second infrared switch emitter 19 on the rotating wheel 4 corresponds to the second infrared switch receiver 20 in position, the second infrared switch receiver 20 senses a signal and transmits the signal to the PLC controller, the PLC controller controls the second electric telescopic rod 33 and the third rotation driving device to start, the movable end of the lower part of the second electric telescopic rod 33 drives the lifting plate 23 to move downwards, the lifting plate 23 drives the soil scraping plate 27 to move downwards until the saw teeth 28 at the lower part of the soil scraping plate 27 are contacted with the ground;
and step six, the third rotation driving device drives the first driving straight gear 29 to rotate, the first driving straight gear 29 drives the first driven bevel gear 24 to rotate, the hollow rotating shaft 25 is driven by the rotation of the first driven bevel gear 24 to rotate, the hollow rotating disc 26 is driven by the rotation of the hollow rotating shaft 25 to rotate, the soil scraping plate 27 and the saw teeth 28 are driven to rotate, soil on the ground at the drilling pit is scraped out by the saw teeth 28, and the soil is concentrated at the drilling pit by the soil scraping plate 27 under the action of centrifugal force, so that the drilling pit is covered.
The invention also comprises the following steps: the maintenance door arranged on the shell 1 is opened, the inner ring 401 in the storage tank 5 is taken out, or the inner rings 401 with different inner diameters are selected to be loaded into the storage tank 5, then the maintenance door is closed again, and the capacity of containing fertilizer in the storage tank 5 is changed at the moment.
The invention also comprises the following steps: the fourth rotation driving device is started to rotate the main shaft 41, the rotation of the main shaft 41 drives the first cross bar 42 to rotate around the main shaft 41 and also drives the forward rotation material overturning plate 43 to rotate around the main shaft 41, the rotation of the main shaft 41 also drives the second driving bevel gear 46 to rotate in the reverse direction of the third driven bevel gear 48 through the transmission action of the second driven bevel gear 47, so that the second cross bar 49 rotates in the reverse direction around the output end of the third driven bevel gear 48, the reverse rotation material overturning plate 50 rotates in the reverse direction around the output end of the third driven bevel gear 48, and the forward rotation material overturning plate 43 and the reverse rotation material overturning plate 50 rotate around the same axis and in the reverse direction.
As shown in fig. 1-6, the no-tillage automatic precise fertilization method for an orchard adopts an automatic no-tillage precise fertilization device for an orchard, which comprises a housing 1, wherein casters 34 are installed at the lower part of the housing 1, so that the invention has a moving function, handrails 38 are arranged on the side wall of the housing 1, the invention is moved by manually holding the handrails 38, and the moving direction of the invention can be controlled, a feed hopper 36 is communicated at the upper part of the housing 1, when fertilizer is required to be injected into the housing 1, the fertilizer can be injected through the feed hopper 36, a cover body 37 is covered on the feed hopper 36, the cover body 37 can be covered after the fertilizer is filled into the housing 1, so that the moisture condition of the fertilizer is reduced, a partition plate 3 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the housing 1, a rotating wheel 4 is arranged between the lower side of the partition plate 3 and the lower side wall body of the housing 1, and the rotating wheel 4 is in contact with the lower surface of the partition plate 3 and the, the rotating wheel 4 is provided with at least two storage tanks 5 which are communicated up and down along the circumferential direction, the eccentric position of the partition plate 3 is provided with a feed inlet 9 which can be communicated with one of the storage tanks 5, the partition plate 3 is provided with a first rotating driving device for driving the rotating wheel 4 to rotate, specifically, the first rotating driving device comprises a first cover body 6 fixedly arranged on the partition plate 3, a first motor 7 arranged in the first cover body 6 and a first speed reducer 8, the output end of the first motor 7 is fixedly connected with the input end of the first speed reducer 8, the output end of the first speed reducer 8 is fixedly connected with the rotating wheel 4, the upper part of the partition plate 3 is fixedly connected with a fixed cylinder body 11, a first electric telescopic rod 12 is arranged in the fixed cylinder body 11, and the lower movable end of the first electric telescopic rod 12 is provided with a second rotating driving device, specifically, the second rotation driving device includes a second cover 15 fixedly disposed on the lower movable end of the first electric telescopic rod 12, a second motor 16 and a second speed reducer 17 mounted in the second cover 15, an output end of the second motor 16 is fixedly connected with an input end of the second speed reducer 17, an output end of the second speed reducer 17 is fixedly connected with the drill bit 18, the lower driving end of the second rotation driving device is mounted with the drill bit 18, the middle position of the partition plate 3 is provided with a through hole 10, a lower side wall of the housing 1 is provided with a discharge hole 22, when a material storage tank 5 is superposed with the through hole 10 and the discharge hole 22, the fixed cylinder 11, the through hole 10, the material storage tank 5 and the discharge hole 22 are mutually communicated and the drill bit 18 can pass through, the lower surface of the housing 1 is connected with a lifting plate 23 through a second electric telescopic rod 33, the lifting plate 23 is rotatably connected with a hollow rotating shaft 25, the hollow rotating shaft 25 corresponds to the discharge hole 22 in the vertical position, the drill bit 18 can penetrate through the hollow rotating shaft 25, the hollow rotating shaft 25 is provided with a first driven bevel gear 24, the lifting plate 23 is provided with a third rotation driving device, specifically, the third rotation driving device comprises a third cover body 30 fixedly arranged on the lifting plate 23, a third motor 31 and a third speed reducer 32 arranged in the third cover body 30, the output end of the third motor 31 is fixedly connected with the input end of the third speed reducer 32, the output end of the third speed reducer 32 is fixedly connected with the first driving bevel gear 29, the output end of the third rotation driving device is connected with a first driving bevel gear 29 engaged with the first driven bevel gear 24, and the lower part of the hollow rotating shaft 25 is fixedly connected with a hollow rotating disc 26, at least two scraping plates 27 which are rotationally and symmetrically arranged along the circumferential direction of the hollow rotary disc 26 are fixedly connected to the lower surface of the hollow rotary disc 26, and saw teeth 28 are arranged on the lower surfaces of the scraping plates 27.
A first infrared switch emitter 13 is mounted on the lower movable end of the first electric telescopic rod, a first infrared switch receiver 14 which can have a corresponding position with the first infrared switch emitter 13 is mounted inside the fixed cylinder 11, at least two second infrared switch emitters 19 which correspond to the positions of the material storage tanks 5 are arranged on the circumferential surface of the rotating wheel 4, a second infrared switch receiver 20 which can have a corresponding position with the second infrared switch emitters 19 is arranged on the lower portion of the partition plate 3, the first infrared switch emitter 13, the first infrared switch receiver 14, the second infrared switch emitter 19, the second infrared switch receiver 20, the first electric telescopic rod 12, the first rotation driving device, the second rotation driving device, the third rotation driving device and the second electric telescopic rod 33 are all electrically connected with the PLC controller 21, the housing 1 is provided with an accumulator 35, and the accumulator 35 can provide electric energy for the above-mentioned electricity consuming components.
In the invention, as shown in fig. 1, fertilizer is poured into a shell 1 through a feeding hopper 36, the fertilizer entering the shell 1 falls into a storage tank 5 on a rotating wheel 4 through a feeding hole 9, at the moment, waste materials in the storage tank 5 are ready to be used, then a person holds a handrail 38 to move the shell 1 to the vicinity of a fruit tree to be fertilized, as shown in fig. 2, a first electric telescopic rod 12 is started through an external switch, a lower movable end of the first electric telescopic rod 12 carries a drill bit 18 to move downwards and extend to the lower part of the shell 1, a first rotary driving device is started to rotate the drill bit 18, and a lower movable end of the first electric telescopic rod 12 continues to carry the drill bit 18 to move downwards and drill a pit on the ground;
when the drill bit 18 drills into a certain underground position, the first rotary driving device is reset through the external switch again, the lower movable end of the first electric telescopic rod 12 drives the drill bit 18 to move upwards for resetting, after the lower movable end of the first electric telescopic rod 12 is reset, the first infrared switch emitter 13 corresponds to the first infrared switch receiver 14 in position, the first infrared switch receiver 14 senses a signal and transmits the signal to the PLC controller 21, the PLC controller 21 controls the second rotary driving device to start, so that the rotary wheel 4 rotates, the storage tank 5 filled with fertilizer to be used rotates to the position of the discharge port 22 along with the rotary wheel 4, the fertilizer to be used falls into a pit drilled by the drill bit 18 through the discharge port 22, the fertilizing operation is realized, meanwhile, in the rotating process of the rotary wheel 4, the empty storage tank 5 originally corresponding to the discharge port 22 rotates to the position corresponding to the feed port 9, the fertilizer is filled into the storage tank 5 again for use, so that the continuous feeding operation is realized;
after the rotating wheel 4 rotates once, the rotation is stopped under the control of the PLC controller, at this time, when the fertilizing and feeding operations are performed, as shown in fig. 3, the second infrared switch emitter 19 on the rotating wheel 4 corresponds to the second infrared switch receiver 20, the second infrared switch receiver 20 senses a signal and transmits the signal to the PLC controller, the PLC controller controls the second electric telescopic rod 33 and the third rotation driving device to start, the lower movable end of the second electric telescopic rod 33 drives the lifting plate 23 to move downwards, the lifting plate 23 drives the soil scraping plate 27 to move downwards until the saw teeth 28 at the lower part of the soil scraping plate 27 contact with the ground, the third rotation driving device drives the first driving spur gear 29 to rotate, the first driving spur gear 29 drives the first driven bevel gear 24 to rotate, the rotation of the first driven bevel gear 24 drives the hollow rotating shaft 25 to rotate, the rotation of the hollow rotating shaft 25 drives the hollow rotating disc 26 to rotate, the earth scraping plate 27 and the saw teeth 28 are rotated, the saw teeth 28 scrape earth on the ground surface of the drilled pit, and the earth scraping plate 27 concentrates the earth on the drilled pit through the action of centrifugal force, so that the drilled pit is covered.
Therefore, the fruit tree fertilizing machine can be moved simply and conveniently, so that the fruit tree fertilizing machine can be conveniently moved to the position of a fruit tree to be fertilized, and can also automatically complete a series of operations of fertilizer feeding, pit drilling, fertilizing and soil covering, so that the fertilizer is directly applied to the position close to the trunk of the fruit tree, the utilization efficiency and the fertilizer effect of the fertilizer are improved, the fertilizer consumption is saved, the fertilizer application cost is reduced, the operation of the fruit tree fertilizing machine is very simple, and the manpower and material resources are further saved.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, further, the storage tank 5 is in a stepped hole shape, and an inner ring 401 is placed in the storage tank 5, and the outer shape of the inner ring 401 is a stepped double-layer cylinder so that the inner ring 401 can be fittingly loaded into the storage tank 5.
In the present invention, the maintenance door (not shown) provided on the housing 1 is opened to take out the inner ring 401 in the storage tank 5, or the inner rings 401 having different inner diameters are selected to be loaded into the storage tank 5, and then the maintenance door is closed again, so that the capacity of the storage tank 5 for accommodating fertilizer is changed, thereby conveniently adjusting the fertilizing amount.
As shown in fig. 9, the present invention further includes a mixing mechanism for mixing different types of granular fertilizers in the casing 1, specifically, the mixing mechanism is a fourth rotation driving device installed on the casing 1, specifically, the fourth rotation driving device includes a fourth motor 39 and a fourth speed reducer 40 installed on the casing 1, an output end of the fourth motor 39 is connected with an input end of the fourth speed reducer 40, an output end of the fourth speed reducer 40 is fixedly connected with a main shaft 41, an output end of the fourth rotation driving device is fixedly connected with a main shaft 41 extending into the casing 1, a first cross bar 42 is fixedly connected to the main shaft 41, at least two forward material turning plates 43 are fixedly connected to the first cross bar 42 along a circumferential direction of the main shaft 41, a second drive bevel gear 46 is fixedly connected to a bottom end of the main shaft 41, the second driving bevel gear 46 is arranged in the mounting shell 44, the mounting shell 44 is fixedly connected with the partition 3 through a fixing rod 45, the inner side surface of the mounting shell 44 is rotatably provided with a second driven bevel gear 47 in meshed connection with the second driving bevel gear 46, the lower side inside the mounting shell 44 is rotatably provided with a third driven bevel gear 48 in meshed connection with the second driven bevel gear 47, the third driven bevel gear 48 and the second driving bevel gear 46 are axially overlapped, the output end of the third driven bevel gear 48 extends out of the lower part of the mounting shell 44 and is fixedly connected with a second cross rod 49, and the second cross rod 49 is fixedly connected with at least two reverse material turning plates 50 along the circumferential direction of the output end of the third driven bevel gear 48.
The fourth rotation driving device is started to rotate the main shaft 41, the rotation of the main shaft 41 drives the first cross rod 42 to rotate around the main shaft 41 and also drives the forward rotation material turning plate 43 to rotate around the main shaft 41, the rotation of the main shaft 41 also drives the second driving bevel gear 46 to rotate in the opposite direction of the third driven bevel gear 48 through the transmission action of the second driven bevel gear 47, so that the second cross rod 49 is driven to rotate in the opposite direction around the output end of the third driven bevel gear 48, the reverse rotation material turning plate 50 rotates in the opposite direction around the output end of the third driven bevel gear 48, the forward rotation material turning plate 43 and the reverse rotation material turning plate 50 rotate in the opposite direction around the same axis, the mixing of different types of fertilizers in the casing 1 is further improved, the fertilizer mixing is more uniform, and the fertilizing quality is improved.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. An automatic and accurate orchard no-tillage fertilization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, fertilizer is poured into a shell (1) through a feeding funnel (36), the fertilizer entering the shell (1) falls into a storage tank (5) on a rotating wheel (4) through a feeding hole (9), and waste materials in the storage tank (5) are ready for use;
step two, a person holds the handrail (38) to move the shell (1) to the position near a fruit tree to be fertilized, the external switch is used for starting the first electric telescopic rod (12), the movable end of the lower part of the first electric telescopic rod (12) drives the drill bit (18) to move downwards and extend out of the lower part of the shell (1), the first rotary driving device is started to drive the drill bit (18) to rotate, and the movable end of the lower part of the first electric telescopic rod (12) continues to drive the drill bit (18) to move downwards and drill a pit on the ground;
thirdly, after the drill bit (18) drills into the ground at a certain position, the first rotary driving device is reset through the external switch, and the movable end of the lower part of the first electric telescopic rod (12) drives the drill bit (18) to move upwards for resetting;
fourthly, after the lower movable end of the first electric telescopic rod (12) is reset, at the moment, the first infrared switch emitter (13) corresponds to the first infrared switch receiver (14), the first infrared switch receiver (14) senses a signal and transmits the signal to the PLC controller (21), the PLC controller (21) controls the second rotation driving device to be started, so that the rotating wheel (4) rotates, the storage tank (5) filled with the fertilizer to be used rotates to the position of the discharge port (22) along with the rotating wheel (4), the fertilizer to be used falls into a pit drilled by the drill bit (18) through the discharge port (22), the fertilizing operation is realized, meanwhile, in the rotating process of the rotating wheel (4), the empty storage tank (5) originally corresponding to the discharge port (22) rotates to the position corresponding to the feed port (9), so that the fertilizer is filled into the storage tank (5) again for use, the continuous feeding operation is realized;
step five, the rotating wheel (4) stops rotating under the control of a PLC controller after rotating once, at the moment, when the operations of fertilization and feeding are carried out, a second infrared switch emitter (19) on the rotating wheel (4) corresponds to a second infrared switch receiver (20), the second infrared switch receiver (20) senses a signal and transmits the signal to the PLC controller, the PLC controller controls a second electric telescopic rod (33) and a third rotation driving device to start, the lower movable end of the second electric telescopic rod (33) drives a lifting plate (23) to move downwards, the lifting plate (23) drives a soil scraping plate (27) to move downwards until saw teeth (28) at the lower part of the soil scraping plate (27) are contacted with the ground;
and step six, the third rotation driving device drives the first driving straight gear (29) to rotate, the first driving straight gear (29) drives the first driven bevel gear (24) to rotate, the first driven bevel gear (24) drives the hollow rotating shaft (25) to rotate, the hollow rotating shaft (25) drives the hollow rotating disc (26) to rotate by rotation, the soil scraping plate (27) and the saw teeth (28) rotate, the saw teeth (28) scrape out soil on the ground at the drilling pit, and the soil scraping plate (27) concentrates the soil at the drilling pit by the action of centrifugal force so as to cover the drilling pit.
2. The orchard no-tillage automatic precise fertilization method according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps: the maintenance door arranged on the shell (1) is opened, the inner ring (401) in the storage tank (5) is taken out, or the inner rings (401) with different inner diameters are selected to be loaded into the storage tank (5), then the maintenance door is closed again, and at the moment, the capacity of containing fertilizer in the storage tank (5) is changed.
3. The orchard no-tillage automatic precise fertilization method according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps: and starting the fourth rotary driving device to enable the main shaft (41) to rotate, wherein the rotation of the main shaft (41) drives the first cross rod (42) to rotate around the main shaft (41) and also drives the forward material turning plate (43) to rotate around the main shaft (41), the rotation of the main shaft (41) also enables the second driving bevel gear (46) to rotate in the opposite direction through the transmission action of the second driven bevel gear (47) so as to drive the second cross rod (49) to rotate around the output end of the third driven bevel gear (48) in the opposite direction, the reverse material turning plate (50) rotates around the output end of the third driven bevel gear (48) in the opposite direction, and the forward material turning plate (43) and the reverse material turning plate (50) rotate around the same axis in the opposite direction.
4. The orchard no-tillage automatic precise fertilization method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that an automatic orchard no-tillage precise fertilization device is adopted, the automatic orchard no-tillage automatic precise fertilization method comprises a shell (1), a partition plate (3) is fixedly connected to the lower side inside the shell (1), a rotating wheel (4) is arranged between the lower side of the partition plate (3) and the lower side wall body of the shell (1), the rotating wheel (4) is in contact with the lower surface of the partition plate (3) and the lower side wall body of the shell (1), at least two storage tanks (5) which are communicated up and down are formed in the rotating wheel (4) along the circumferential direction of the rotating wheel, a feed inlet (9) which can be communicated with one storage tank (5) is formed in the eccentric position of the partition plate (3), and a first rotating driving device which is used for driving the rotating wheel (4) to rotate is installed on the partition plate (3), the upper part of the partition board (3) is fixedly connected with a fixed cylinder body (11), a first electric telescopic rod (12) is installed in the fixed cylinder body (11), a second rotary driving device is installed at the lower movable end of the first electric telescopic rod (12), a drill bit (18) is installed at the lower driving end of the second rotary driving device, a through hole (10) is formed in the middle position of the partition board (3), a discharge hole (22) is formed in the lower side wall body of the shell (1), when a storage tank (5) coincides with the through hole (10) and the discharge hole (22), the fixed cylinder body (11), the through hole (10), the storage tank (5) and the discharge hole (22) are communicated with each other and the drill bit (18) can pass through, the lower surface of the shell (1) is connected with a lifting plate (23) through a second electric telescopic rod (33), and the lifting plate (23) is rotatably connected with a hollow rotating shaft (25, hollow rotating shaft (25) with position corresponds about discharge gate (22), and drill bit (18) can pass hollow rotating shaft (25), be provided with first driven bevel gear (24) on hollow rotating shaft (25), install the third on lifter plate (23) and rotate drive arrangement, the output that the third rotated drive arrangement is connected with first drive bevel gear (29) of being connected with first driven bevel gear (24) meshing, the lower part fixedly connected with hollow carousel (26) of hollow rotating shaft (25), the lower fixed surface of hollow carousel (26) is connected with two at least scraper (27) that set up along the circumferencial direction rotational symmetry of hollow carousel (26), and the lower surface of scraper (27) is provided with sawtooth (28).
5. The orchard no-tillage automatic precise fertilization method according to claim 4, wherein the storage tank (5) is in a stepped hole shape, an inner ring (401) is placed in the storage tank (5), and the outer shape of the inner ring (401) is a stepped double-layer cylinder so that the inner ring (401) can be loaded into the storage tank (5) in a matching manner.
6. An orchard no-tillage automatic precise fertilization method according to claim 4, characterized by further comprising a mixing mechanism for mixing different types of granular fertilizers in the casing (1), wherein the mixing mechanism is a fourth rotary driving device installed on the casing (1), the output end of the fourth rotary driving device is fixedly connected with a main shaft (41) extending into the casing (1), a first cross rod (42) is fixedly connected to the main shaft (41), at least two forward turning plates (43) are fixedly connected to the first cross rod (42) along the circumferential direction of the main shaft (41), a second drive bevel gear (46) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the main shaft (41), the second drive bevel gear (46) is arranged in an installation shell (44), and the installation shell (44) is fixedly connected with the partition (3) through a fixing rod (45), the inside side of installation casing (44) rotates installs second driven bevel gear (47) of being connected with second drive bevel gear (46) meshing, the inside downside of installation casing (44) rotates installs third driven bevel gear (48) of being connected with second driven bevel gear (47) meshing, and third driven bevel gear (48) and second drive bevel gear (46) axis coincidence set up, the output of third driven bevel gear (48) stretches out the lower part and the fixedly connected with second horizontal pole (49) of installation casing (44), second horizontal pole (49) are along the circumferencial direction fixedly connected with two at least reversal flitches (50) of the output of third driven bevel gear (48).
7. The automatic no-tillage precise fertilization method for an orchard according to claim 4, wherein a first infrared switch emitter (13) is mounted on a lower movable end of the first electric telescopic rod, and a first infrared switch receiver (14) capable of having a position corresponding to the first infrared switch emitter (13) is mounted inside the fixed cylinder (11).
8. An orchard no-tillage automatic precise fertilization method according to claim 7, characterized in that the rotating wheel (4) is provided along its circumferential surface with at least two second infrared switch emitters (19) corresponding to the positions of the storage troughs (5), and the lower part of the partition plate (3) is provided with a second infrared switch receiver (20) corresponding to the second infrared switch emitters (19).
9. The orchard no-tillage automatic precise fertilization method according to claim 8, wherein the first infrared switch transmitter (13), the first infrared switch receiver (14), the second infrared switch transmitter (19), the second infrared switch receiver (20), the first electric telescopic rod (12), the first rotary driving device, the second rotary driving device, the third rotary driving device and the second electric telescopic rod (33) are all electrically connected with a PLC (programmable logic controller) (21).
10. The orchard no-tillage automatic precise fertilization method according to claim 4, characterized in that casters (34) are mounted at the lower part of the casing (1), a storage battery (35) is arranged on the casing (1), a feeding funnel (36) is communicated at the upper part of the casing (1), a cover body (37) is covered on the feeding funnel (36), and handrails (38) are arranged on the side wall of the casing (1).
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