CN112431170A - Construction method of river channel balance environment-friendly river bank structure and river bank structure - Google Patents
Construction method of river channel balance environment-friendly river bank structure and river bank structure Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B5/00—Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
- E02B5/02—Making or lining canals
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of a riverway balance environment-friendly river bank structure, which comprises the following steps: excavating a river channel, and dredging bottom mud of the river channel; leveling the slope surfaces of two sides of the river channel, and digging an anchoring groove on the upstream surface and a slope top groove on the back surface; paving a microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer on bank slopes on two sides of the river from top to bottom; paving a sludge mold bag on the upstream surface to form a sludge mold bag slope protection; paving a planting soil layer on the back water surface to form a sludge planting soil layer slope protection; slope toe block stones are arranged at slope toe of bank slopes on two sides of the river channel; cleaning up the floating soil and sundries on the top surface of the bank slope; and paving the surface landscape road on the top surface of the slope. The sludge generated in the dredging process of the river channel is treated and reused, and the soil body technology is combined with the microorganism reinforcement, so that the reduction treatment of the sludge is achieved, the engineering cost is reduced, the problem of lack of earth and stone resources is solved, and the stability of the river bank is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of river regulation, and particularly relates to a construction method of a river channel balance environment-friendly river bank structure and the river bank structure.
Background
In order to prevent the river bank from being damaged by the water flow of the river channel, a bank protection structure is usually arranged along the bank of the river channel, and the bank protection structure of the river channel mainly adopts a mortar-masonry or dry-masonry block stone bank protection, a cast-in-place concrete bank protection and a precast concrete block bank protection. The traditional bank protection engineering cuts off the material relation between rivers and soil due to poor water permeability.
At present, higher requirements are put forward on the bank protection structure form by river regulation, and the bank protection structure is safe in structure, landscape and ecological. In order to achieve the aim, researchers for river regulation in recent years have researched various bank protection structural forms, such as ecological block retaining wall structures, ecological slope protection structures, close-packed wood-like structures and the like. However, the above-mentioned dike protection method is too important to prevent water and soil loss, so that the concrete structure occupies too much dike structure, and although the appearance of the dike is changed, the growth of the waterweeds and the green plants on the bank is prevented, and the whole self-repairing capability of the ecological environment is damaged.
With the increasing of environmental protection in China, large-scale water environment treatment projects such as river and lake dredging, water system communication, bioremediation and the like are developed to improve the water quality of lakes and rivers and ensure the smoothness of river channels and the normal flood discharge capacity, and simultaneously, a large amount of dredged sludge is generated. At present, the river and lake sludge is treated in a storage yard in a most way, and the main process is to convey the sludge to a designated storage yard for airing and solidification after dredging. Although the method is simple and easy to implement, the silt has high content of sticky particles and poor water permeability, the natural consolidation process consumes long time, occupies land resources, consumes labor and economic cost, and has certain influence on the ecological environment.
Therefore, in order to solve the above technical problems, there is a need for a river levee which can protect the river levee and effectively utilize the sludge of rivers and lakes without losing ecological balance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method of a riverway balance environment-friendly river bank structure, which effectively utilizes river and lake silt, and has the advantages of short construction period, good ecological effect, good anti-scouring performance and high stability.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a riverway balance environment-friendly river bank structure.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a construction method of a riverway balance environment-friendly river bank structure comprises the following steps:
(1) excavating a river channel, removing the original river bank, dredging the bottom mud of the river channel, and generating mud by dredging;
(2) leveling the slope surfaces of the two sides of the river channel to ensure that the slope surface is smooth without large stones and sundries of tree roots, and digging an anchoring groove on the upstream surface and a slope top groove on the back surface at the top of the slope;
(3) paving a microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer on bank slopes on two sides of the river from top to bottom;
(4) paving a sludge mould bag on a microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer paved on the upstream surface of the river from top to bottom of the slope;
(5) paving a geotechnical net cushion on a microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer paved on the back water surface of the river channel from top to bottom of the slope, fixedly lapping a three-dimensional geotechnical net cushion by adopting U-shaped rivets, and throwing a planting soil layer and a guest soil layer on the three-dimensional geotechnical net cushion from bottom to top to form a sludge planting soil layer slope protection;
(6) backfilling a covering sludge mould bag in the anchoring groove in the step (2), and paving a layer of microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer on the sludge mould bag in the anchoring groove so as to enable the sludge mould bag to be positioned between two layers of microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layers;
(7) backfilling and covering improved sludge planting soil in the groove at the top of the slope in the step (2) to form a planting soil layer, and covering a microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer on the planting soil layer;
(8) slope toe block stones are arranged at slope toe of bank slopes on two sides of the river channel;
(9) cleaning up floating soil and sundries on the top surface of the bank slope, ensuring the top surface of the slope to be smooth and clean, rolling the foundation by a road roller and tamping for reinforcement;
(10) paving a waterproof cushion layer on the surface of the top of the slope, sequentially paving a sludge solidified soil layer and a mountain skin soil layer on the waterproof cushion layer from bottom to top to form an ecological road, paving a chain brick pavement on the ecological road, and arranging a green belt to form a landscape footpath.
In the technical scheme, the sludge obtained by dredging in the step (1) is treated, a high-pressure pump is used for filling sludge into a sludge mold bag, the filling degree in the sludge mold bag is 60-80%, and a flocculating agent can be added into the sludge to accelerate the dewatering and consolidation speed.
In the technical scheme, 6% -9% of quicklime is added into the sludge desilted in the step (1) and is placed for 1 day to reduce the water content of the sludge, 7% -10% of sawdust ash is added and is placed for 1 day for primary solidification, 10% -20% of cement is added and is maintained for 2-3 days for solidification, and therefore the improved sludge planting soil is obtained.
In the technical scheme, the sludge desilted in the step (1) is subjected to dosage determination of the sludge curing agent according to design requirements, and the sludge curing agent is added into the uniformly stirred sludge to form the sludge cured soil.
In the technical scheme, the soil covering layer is formed by mixing and stirring organic fertilizer and improved sludge planting soil.
In the technical scheme, the adjacent sludge mould bags are connected by adopting a nylon rope, and the geotextile filter layer is arranged at the bottom of the joint of the two adjacent sludge mould bags.
In the technical scheme, the planting soil layer is thrown on the three-dimensional geotechnical net cushion, and the thickness of the planting soil layer is larger than 10 mm.
In the above technical scheme, the pressure in each sludge mould bagThe force is 2-3N/cm2。
In the technical scheme, grass seeds are sowed on the guest soil layer, wherein the grass seeds are selected from eleusine indica and primula sikkmensis, and the effects of greening and slope protection are achieved by spraying water, supplementing seeds and removing weeds and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests after the grass seeds are sowed.
In the technical scheme, the sludge solidified soil layer of the surface landscape road adopts soil obtained after sludge solidification as a roadbed to be filled and tamped layer by layer.
A riverway balance environment-friendly river bank structure comprises a microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer, a sludge mould bag slope protection, a sludge planting soil layer slope protection and a surface landscape way, wherein the microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer, the sludge mould bag slope protection, the sludge planting soil layer slope protection and the surface landscape way are arranged along the bank of a riverbed, the microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer is arranged on the upstream surface of the microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer, the sludge planting soil layer slope protection is arranged on the downstream surface, the planting soil layer is laid on the downstream surface, the surface landscape way is provided with a slope top of the bank, the surface landscape way is arranged at the joint of the sludge mould bag slope protection and the sludge planting soil layer slope protection, an anchoring groove is dug at one side of the slope top close to the upstream surface, a slope top groove is dug at one side of the slope top close to the downstream surface, the microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer, the fill layer, the microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer and the fill layer are sequentially laid in the anchoring groove from, microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer, fill layer, microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer and fill layer have been laid in proper order by supreme down in the top of the slope slot the bottom of silt mould bag bank protection is equipped with the toe piece stone the bottom of silt planting soil layer bank protection is equipped with the toe piece stone.
In the technical scheme, the sludge mould bag revetment is formed by splicing a plurality of sludge mould bags.
In the technical scheme, the sludge planting soil layer protection slope is composed of a three-dimensional geonet cushion, a planting soil layer and a soil dressing layer, the three-dimensional geonet cushion is laid on the surface of the microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer, the planting soil layer is laid on the three-dimensional geonet cushion, the soil dressing layer is laid on the planting soil layer, and the longitudinal and transverse overlapping length of the three-dimensional geonet cushion is greater than 20 cm.
In the technical scheme, the planting soil layer is planting soil obtained after river silt solidification treatment, the soil dressing layer is laid on the surface of the planting soil layer, and organic fertilizer and the planting soil obtained after silt solidification treatment are mixed and stirred to form soil dressing.
In the technical scheme, the surface landscape road is sequentially paved with the waterproof cushion layer, the sludge solidified soil layer, the mountain skin soil layer and the chain bricks from bottom to top, and the green belts are arranged on the chain bricks.
In the technical scheme, the microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer consists of a plurality of microbial capsules, each microbial capsule is filled with a microbial mixture, the microbial mixture comprises a water-soluble film outside, the water-soluble film is dissolved in a humid environment, the microbial mixture is a mixture of pasteurella bacillus powder and nutrient salt, and the microbial mixture is contacted with sludge in the sludge mold bag and soil on a bank slope to generate calcium carbonate so as to reinforce the connection and stability between the sludge mold bag and the soil on the bank slope.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. silt generated in the dredging process of the river channel is treated and recycled through the geotechnical model bag treatment technology, the solidification treatment technology and the silt soil treatment technology, and the soil body reinforcement technology is combined with the microorganism, so that the reduction treatment of the silt can be achieved, meanwhile, the engineering cost is reduced in the construction of the river bank, the problem of lack of earth and stone resources is solved, and the stability of the river bank is effectively improved.
2. The one deck microbial capsules reinforcing cushion layer, one deck silt mould bag/one deck silt are planted coating and one deck microbial capsules reinforcing cushion layer in anchor recess and the intussuseption of slope top slot intussuseption for silt mould bag is put between two-layer microbial capsules reinforcing cushion layer, and is fixed by the calcium carbonate normal position that two-layer microbial capsules reinforcing cushion layer generated, plays the effect of strengthening the anchor, improves the stability of silt mould bag bank protection.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a river bank structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of an anchoring groove in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of a hill top groove in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a reinforcing mat layer of the microbial capsules in the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view (another view) of the structure of the reinforcing mat layer of the microbial capsules according to the present invention.
In the figure:
1. bank slope 2, sludge mold bag revetment 3 and anchoring groove
4. Slope foot block stone 5, microbial capsule reinforcing cushion 5-1 and water-soluble film
5-2 parts of microorganism mixture 6 parts of three-dimensional geonet pad 7 parts of sludge planting soil layer slope protection
8. Passenger soil layer 9, slope top groove 10 and microbial capsules
11. A waterproof cushion layer 12, a silt solidified soil layer 13 and a mountain crust soil layer
14. Interlocking brick 15 and green belt
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1
The invention relates to a construction method of a riverway balance environment-friendly river bank structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) excavating a river channel, removing the original river bank, dredging the bottom mud of the river channel, and generating mud by dredging;
(2) leveling the surfaces of bank slopes 1 on two sides of a river channel to ensure that the slope surface is smooth without large stones and sundries of tree roots, and digging an anchoring groove 3 on the upstream surface and a slope top groove 9 on the back surface at the top of the slope;
(3) paving a microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer 5 on the bank slopes 1 on two sides of the river from top to bottom;
(4) paving sludge mould bags from top to bottom on the microbial capsule reinforcing cushion 5 paved on the upstream surface of the river channel to form sludge mould bag protection slope;
(5) paving a geotechnical net cushion 5 on the back water surface of the river channel from top to bottom, fixedly overlapping a three-dimensional geotechnical net cushion 6 by adopting U-shaped rivets, and throwing a planting soil layer and a soil dressing layer 8 on the three-dimensional geotechnical net cushion 6 from bottom to top to form a sludge planting soil layer protection slope 7;
(6) backfilling a sludge mould bag in the anchoring groove 3 in the step (2), and paving a layer of microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer 5 on the sludge mould bag in the anchoring groove 3 so as to enable the sludge mould bag to be positioned between two layers of microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layers 5;
(7) backfilling and covering planting soil in the slope top groove 9 in the step (2) to form a planting soil layer, and covering a microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer 5 on the planting soil layer;
(8) slope toe blocks 4 are arranged at the slope toe of the bank slopes on the two sides of the river channel;
(9) cleaning up floating soil and sundries on the top surface of the bank slope, ensuring the top surface of the slope to be smooth and clean, rolling the foundation by a road roller and tamping for reinforcement;
(10) the method comprises the steps of paving a waterproof cushion layer 11 on the top surface of a slope, sequentially paving a silt solidified soil layer 12 and a mountain crust soil layer 13 on the waterproof cushion layer 11 from bottom to top to form an ecological road, paving a pavement with chain bricks 14 on the ecological road, and arranging a green belt 15 to form a landscape footpath.
In the sludge treatment of the step (1), a high-pressure pump is used for filling sludge into the sludge mold bag, the filling degree in the sludge mold bag is 60% -80%, and a flocculating agent can be added into the sludge to accelerate the dewatering and consolidation speed.
Further, 6% -9% of quicklime is added into the sludge dredged in the step (1) and is placed for 1 day to reduce the water content of the sludge, 7% -10% of sawdust ash is added and is placed for 1 day for primary solidification, 10% -20% of cement is added and is maintained for 2-3 days for solidification, and therefore the improved sludge planting soil is obtained.
Further, the sludge dredged in the step (1) is added with a sludge curing agent according to the design requirement, and the sludge curing agent is added into the uniformly stirred sludge to form sludge solidified soil.
Further, the soil covering layer 8 is formed by mixing and stirring organic fertilizer and improved silt planting soil.
Further, the adjacent sludge mould bags are connected by nylon ropes, and a geotextile filter layer is arranged at the bottom of the joint of the two adjacent sludge mould bags.
Further, the planting soil layer is thrown on the three-dimensional geonet pad 6, and the thickness of the planting soil layer is larger than 10 mm.
Further, the pressure in each sludge mould bag is 2-3N/cm2。
Furthermore, the microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer 5 is characterized in that under a humid environment, the film of the capsule is gradually degraded, the microbial mixture 5-2 in the capsule is released, microbes simultaneously contact the sludge in the mould bag and the soil body of the inner side bank slope 1 through the surface gap of the sludge mould bag, and the organic matters in the nutritive salt and the soil are used as materials for induction to generate calcium carbonate, so that the mutual connection between the sludge mould bag and the soil body of the bank slope 1 is reinforced, and the stability of the bank slope 1 is improved.
Pack one deck microbial capsules reinforcing cushion layer 5, one deck silt mould bag and one deck microbial capsules reinforcing cushion layer 5 in anchor recess 3 for silt mould bag is pressed from both sides and is put between two-layer microbial capsules reinforcing cushion layer 5, and is fixed by the calcium carbonate normal position that two-layer microbial capsules reinforcing cushion layer 5 generated, plays the effect of strengthening the anchor, improves the stability of silt mould bag bank protection 2.
Silt generated in the dredging process of the river channel is treated and recycled through the geotechnical mold bag treatment technology, the solidification treatment technology and the silt soil treatment technology, and is applied to the construction of river banks so as to avoid the silt after dredging from occupying land resources and influencing the ecological environment.
The geotechnical model bag treatment technology is characterized in that silt is filled into a geotechnical model bag through a pipeline pumping system, and a flocculating agent is added to promote solid particle consolidation if necessary. The dehydrated solid particles are retained in an earthwork mold bag, and the mold bag can be reused under appropriate conditions after being filled with the solid particles.
The solidification treatment technology is directed to adding a solidification material such as cement into the sludge, and the strength of the sludge can be improved through hydration reaction of the cement, so that the sludge becomes engineering soil with low permeability and high strength.
The sludge soil chemical treatment technology aims at the characteristics of low air permeability, low water permeability and high water content of sludge, and adds saw dust and other strong water-absorbing materials into the sludge to improve the pore structure of the sludge and improve the sludge into an agricultural soil matrix.
The microorganism reinforcement foundation technology is characterized in that specific bacteria populations are induced to breed in the foundation, and calcium carbonate cementing substances are formed among soil particles to glue the soil particles by using products in the bacterial metabolism process, so that the soil strength is improved, and the larger porosity and permeability are reserved. The materials and products used in the method are nontoxic and pollution-free, and have extremely high environmental benefits.
The sludge resource utilization idea and the ecological slope protection idea are combined, the river and lake sludge is treated by three technologies of soil engineering mold bags, solidification and soil formation, and the soil body is reinforced by combining microorganisms, so that the aim of reducing the sludge can be fulfilled, the problem of lack of soil and stone resources in China can be solved, the engineering cost is reduced, and multiple purposes are achieved.
Example 2
On the basis of the embodiment 1, grass seeds are sown on the passenger soil layer 8, wherein the grass seeds are selected from eleusine indica and strawberries, and the effects of greening and slope protection are achieved by spraying water, supplementing seeds, removing weeds and preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests after the grass seeds are sown.
Further, the silt solidified soil layer 12 of the surface landscape road adopts the soil after silt solidification as a roadbed for layered filling and tamping.
Example 3
As shown in the figure, the river channel balance environment-friendly river bank structure comprises a microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer 5, a sludge mould bag protection slope 2, a sludge planting soil layer protection slope 7 and a surface landscape way, wherein the microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer 5 is arranged on the two sides of a bank slope 1, the sludge mould bag protection slope 2 is arranged on the upstream surface of the microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer 5, the sludge planting soil layer protection slope 7 is arranged on the downstream surface and paved with the planting soil layer, the surface landscape way is provided with a slope top of the bank slope 1 and is positioned at the joint of the sludge mould bag protection slope 2 and the sludge planting soil layer protection slope 7, an anchoring groove 3 is dug on one side of the slope top of the bank slope 1 close to the upstream surface, a slope top groove 9 is dug on one side of the slope top of the bank slope 1 close to the downstream surface, the microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer 5, the sludge mould bag protection slope 2 and the sludge planting soil layer protection slope 7 are sequentially paved in the anchoring groove 3 from bottom to, Fill layer, microbial capsules reinforced cushion 5 and fill layer, microbial capsules reinforced cushion 5, fill layer, microbial capsules reinforced cushion 5 and fill layer have been laid in proper order by supreme down in the top of a slope slot 9 the bottom of silt mould bag bank protection 2 is equipped with toe piece stone 4 the bottom of silt planting soil layer bank protection 7 is equipped with toe piece stone 4.
Further, the sludge mould bag revetment 2 is formed by splicing a plurality of sludge mould bags.
Further, the sludge planting soil layer protection slope 7 is composed of a three-dimensional geonet cushion 6, a planting soil layer and a soil covering layer 8, the three-dimensional geonet cushion 6 is laid on the surface of the microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer 5, the planting soil layer is laid on the three-dimensional geonet cushion 6, the soil covering layer 8 is laid on the planting soil layer, and the longitudinal and transverse overlapping length of the three-dimensional geonet cushion 6 is greater than 20 cm.
Further, the planting soil layer is planting soil obtained after river silt solidification treatment, the passenger soil layer 8 is laid on the surface of the planting soil layer, and organic fertilizer and the planting soil obtained after silt solidification treatment are mixed and stirred to form the passenger soil.
Further, the surface landscape road is sequentially paved with a waterproof cushion layer 11, a silt solidified soil layer 12, a mountain skin soil layer 13 and chain bricks 14 from bottom to top, and green belts 15 are arranged on the chain bricks 14.
Further, the microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer 5 is composed of a plurality of microbial capsules 10, each microbial capsule 10 is filled with a microbial mixture 5-2, a water-soluble film 5-1 is arranged outside each microbial mixture 5-2, the water-soluble film 5-1 is dissolved in a humid environment, each microbial mixture 5-2 is a mixture of pasteurella powder and nutrient salt, and the microbial mixtures 5-2 contact with sludge in the sludge mold bags and soil on the bank slope 1 to generate calcium carbonate so as to reinforce the connection and stability between the sludge mold bags and the soil on the bank slope 1.
Spatially relative terms, such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like, may be used in the embodiments for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatial terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "lower" can encompass both an upper and a lower orientation. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
Moreover, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one element from another element having the same name, without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such elements.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that any simple variations, modifications or other equivalent changes which can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A construction method of a riverway balance environment-friendly river bank structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) excavating a river channel, removing the original river bank, dredging the bottom mud of the river channel, and generating mud by dredging;
(2) leveling the slope surfaces of the two sides of the river channel to ensure that the slope surface is smooth without large stones and sundries of tree roots, and digging an anchoring groove on the upstream surface and a slope top groove on the back surface at the top of the slope;
(3) paving a microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer on bank slopes on two sides of the river from top to bottom;
(4) paving sludge mold bags on the microbial capsule reinforcing cushion paved on the upstream surface of the river from top to bottom of the slope to form sludge mold bag slope protection;
(5) paving a geotechnical net cushion on a microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer paved on the back water surface of the river channel from top to bottom of the slope, fixedly lapping a three-dimensional geotechnical net cushion by adopting U-shaped rivets, and throwing a planting soil layer and a guest soil layer on the three-dimensional geotechnical net cushion from bottom to top to form a sludge planting soil layer slope protection;
(6) backfilling a covering sludge mould bag in the anchoring groove in the step (2), and paving a layer of microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer on the sludge mould bag in the anchoring groove so as to enable the sludge mould bag to be positioned between two layers of microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layers;
(7) backfilling and covering improved sludge planting soil in the groove at the top of the slope in the step (2) to form a planting soil layer, and covering a microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer on the planting soil layer;
(8) slope toe block stones are arranged at slope toe of bank slopes on two sides of the river channel;
(9) cleaning up floating soil and sundries on the top surface of the bank slope, ensuring the top surface of the slope to be smooth and clean, rolling the foundation by a road roller and tamping for reinforcement;
(10) paving a waterproof cushion layer on the surface of the top of the slope, sequentially paving a sludge solidified soil layer and a mountain skin soil layer on the waterproof cushion layer from bottom to top to form an ecological road, paving a chain brick pavement on the ecological road, and arranging a green belt to form a landscape footpath.
2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (2) treating the sludge obtained by dredging in the step (1), filling the sludge into a sludge mold bag by using a high-pressure pump, wherein the filling degree in the sludge mold bag is 60-80%, and a flocculating agent can be added into the sludge to accelerate the dehydration and consolidation speed.
3. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (2) adding 6-9% of quicklime into the sludge obtained by dredging in the step (1), standing for 1 day to reduce the water content of the sludge, then adding 7-10% of sawdust ash, standing for 1 day for primary curing, adding 10-20% of cement, and curing for 2-3 days for curing, thereby obtaining the improved sludge planting soil.
4. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (2) determining the mixing amount of a sludge curing agent according to design requirements for the sludge obtained by dredging in the step (1), and adding the sludge curing agent into the uniformly stirred sludge to form sludge cured soil.
5. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4), the adjacent sludge mould bags are connected by nylon ropes, and a geotextile filter layer is arranged at the bottom of the joint of the two adjacent sludge mould bags.
6. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the planting soil layer is thrown on the three-dimensional geotechnical net cushion, and the thickness of the planting soil layer is larger than 10 mm.
7. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pressure in each sludge mold bag is 2-3N/cm2。
8. A riverway-balanced and environment-friendly river bank structure constructed by the construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: including being located microbial capsules reinforcement bed course, silt mould bag bank protection, silt planting soil layer bank protection and the surface landscape way that riverbed edgewise bank was laid, microbial capsules reinforcement bed course sets up the both sides at the bank slope, silt mould bag bank protection sets up on the upstream face of microbial capsules reinforcement bed course, silt planting soil layer bank protection sets up and lays on the surface of a water back planting soil layer, the surface landscape way sets up the top of a slope of bank slope, and this surface landscape way is located silt mould bag bank protection and silt planting soil layer bank protection meet, dig in the top of a slope of a bank slope near one side of the upstream face and establish an anchor recess, dig in the top of a slope of a bank slope near one side of the surface of a water back and establish a top of a slope slot, microbial capsules reinforcement bed course, fill layer, microbial capsules reinforcement bed course and fill layer are laid in proper order from lower to upper in the top of a slope slot, the top of a slope is laid in proper order from lower to upper, The soil filling layer, the microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer and the soil filling layer are arranged on the bottom of the sludge mold bag slope protection, and slope toe block stones are arranged at the bottom of the sludge planting soil layer slope protection.
9. The riverway-balancing environmentally friendly river bank structure according to claim 8, wherein: the sludge mould bag revetment is formed by splicing a plurality of sludge mould bags.
10. The riverway-balancing environmentally friendly river bank structure according to claim 9, wherein: the microbial capsule reinforcing cushion layer comprises a plurality of microbial capsules, each microbial capsule is filled with a microbial mixture, the microbial mixture comprises a water-soluble film outside, the water-soluble film is dissolved in a humid environment, the microbial mixture is a mixture of pasteurella bacillus powder and nutrient salt, and the microbial mixture is contacted with sludge in a sludge mould bag and a soil body of a bank slope to generate calcium carbonate so as to reinforce the connection and stability between the sludge mould bag and the soil body of the bank slope.
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