CN1124272C - 鬼臼毒素类化合物及其在杀虫上的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了鬼臼毒素类化合物的结构通式,(I),并发现C-4为很强的修饰位点,其中R可以为H、OH或X,X为卤素,并在通式的基础上合成筛选出杀虫活性更高R为通式(II)的该化合物衍生物,本发明可为筛选杀虫活性更高的该化合物衍生物提供依据;本发明应用于作为植物杀虫剂,可减少环境污染。
Description
本发明属于鬼臼毒素类化合物。
砂地柏(Sabina vulgaris Antoine)为柏科,圆柏属植物,又名叉子圆柏、新疆圆柏、天山圆柏、双子柏、爬柏、臭柏。砂地柏的枝、杆、根含有芳香油,可用作调制化妆品、皂用香精原料,以后发现砂地柏植株的石油醚提取物对赤拟谷盗、玉米象、小菜蛾、菜青虫、粘虫、棉铃虫有很高的种群抑制作用,并对小菜蛾、菜青虫、粘虫、棉铃虫表现出强烈的拒食作用和胃毒毒杀作用,在此基础上,申请了专利“砂地柏杀虫剂及其制造方法”(专利号:ZL94105885.9)。
鬼臼毒素类化合物在医学上的应用已进行了充分研究,这类化合物抗肿瘤活性较高,通过对其分子结构的改造,已有抗肿瘤药物问世。
本发明目的在于确定具有杀虫活性的鬼臼毒素类化合物的化学通式。
本发明另一目的在于提供按照通式合成鬼臼毒素类化合物衍生物。
本发明目的还在于鬼臼毒素类化合物在杀虫上的应用。
其空间构型:C-1,为α-构型;C-2、C-3位之间为反式内酯环连接;C-4位的构型可以是α位或β位。
其中C-4为很强的修饰位点,取代基R不同,取代的空间构型不同,形成了不同的鬼臼毒素类化合物。
其中R可以为H、OH或X,X为卤素,
上述化合物中R1可以是少于4个碳的烃基、卤代烃茎、芳香烃或取代芳香烃基。
上述化合物中R2可以是烃基,卤代烃茎、芳香烃或取代的芳香烃基。
1.R=H,该化合物为脱氧鬼臼毒素;
脱氧鬼臼的理化性质如下:
(1)白色柱状结晶,易溶于丙酮,不溶于甲醇,熔点160-164℃,
比旋光度[α]25 D=-160°(CH3CL);
(2)图1为本化合物的红外光谱图
3100-2700cm-1区的多个吸收属于甲基和亚甲基的伸缩振动;1800-1700cm-1区吸收峰归属为5元内酯环羟基吸收;1600-1540cm-1间的强吸收峰,3100-3050cm-1,1620cm-1处的吸收为苯环上的C-H和C=C双键的伸缩振动;
(3)图2为该化合物的’HNMR谱
以(CD3)2CO为溶剂,TMS为基准物,测得基1H的核磁共振谱如图1.2所示;
(4)图3为本化合物的定NMR谱
用(CD3)2CO为溶剂,用AM-400核磁共振仪测得其它核磁共振谱如图1.3;
(5)图4为该化合物的MS图
其中M/Z398处有(M+)的分子离子峰,因此可确定该化合物分子量为398;
(6)TLC之Rf值
二氯甲烷∶丙酮=25∶1 Rf=0.75
二氯甲烷∶丙酮=8∶1 Rf=0.95
在相同条件下,该化合物与标准脱氧鬼臼毒素的Rf值始终相同。
2.当R=αOH时,该化合物为鬼臼毒素;
本化合物的理化性质如下:
(1)熔点114℃,比旋度[α]25 D=-113°;
(2)图5为本化合物的质谱图;
其中M/Z414处有(M+)的分子离子峰,396(M+-18,H20),383(M+-31,OCH3);
(3)图6为本化合物的’HNMR图
其中C2、C3、C4、C5、C8、C11、C2’(C6’)、OCH2O、C4’、C3’(C5’)、’H吸收位置分别为:2.82(dd);2.75(m);4.77(t);7.12(s);6.15(s);4.60(S),4.08(m);6.37(d);5.97(d);3.61(s);3.75(s)。
3.当R=βOH时,该化合物为β-鬼臼毒素(表鬼臼)
本化合物的理化性质如下:
(1)熔点157-158℃,比旋度[α]25 D=+84℃;
(2)图7为该化合物的MS谱
其中M/Z414(M+)处吸收为分子离子峰,397(M+-18+1,H2O,A+1)
(4)图8为该化合物的’HNMR图
其中C2、C3、C4、C5、C8、C11、C2’(C6’)、OCH2O、C4’、C3’(C5’)、H的吸收位置分别为
4.62(d),3.27(d),2.84(d),4.87(s),6.68(s),6.55(s),4.34-4.39(m),6.27(s),4.36(m),3.79(s),3.74(s)。
4.当R=cl时,该化合物为氯代鬼臼。
本化合物的理化性质如下:
(1)熔点,190-191℃,比旋度[α]25 D=-27;
(2)图9为该化合物的MS图
其中M/Z432处有(M-)的分子离子峰,434处为同位素峰,397处为(M--35,CL)。
5.当R=βC1CH2C-O时,该化合物为4β-O-氯乙酰基鬼臼毒素
本化合物的理化性质如下:
(1)熔点160-162℃,比旋度[α]25 D=-308.7°<C=0.5,CHCl3);
(2)图10为该化合物的MS谱
其中M/Z490处(M-)为分子离子峰,492为同位素峰;
(3)图11为该化合物的’HNMR图
以CDCl3为溶剂,TMS为标准物,以AC-80核磁共振仪测得该化合物的
’HNMR图如11;
(4)图12为该化合物的IR图
·用KBr压卡法,测得其主要吸收有:1778(γ-lactone),1740(ester),1589,1506,1483(aromatic,c=<).
6.当R=β-间氟苯甲酰胺基时,该化合物为4β-间氟苯甲酰胺基-4-去氧鬼臼毒素。
本化合物的物化性质如下:
(1)熔点124-127℃,比旋度[α]25 D=-82°(C=0.5,CHCC3);
(2)图13为该化合物的MS图
其中M/Z535处(M+)为分子离子峰;
(3)图14为该化合物的’HNMR图
其中PPM:7.20-7.56(4H,间氟苯基上4个H的化学位移;
(4)图15为该化合物的IR图;
用KBr压片法测得其IR图如图15。
(5)元素分析C29H26O8NF·H2O
实验值:C62.93,H5.06,N2.53。
本发明化合物可用于昆虫防治,如本发明化合物对粘虫、菜青虫、小菜蛾、棉铃虫均表现出高的拒食活性和胃毒毒杀作用;并对多种农业害虫有种群抑制作用。本发明化合物脱氧鬼臼毒素的制备方法见图16
4β-O-氯乙酰基鬼臼毒素的制备:
将50mmol鬼臼毒素和50mmol相应的羧酸溶于20ml干燥的CH2CL2中,用冰盐溶液将反应液冷却至-10℃左右,在搅拌下滴加1mlBF3·Et2O溶液,加完后在-10℃继续搅拌,TLC检测无原料为止。滴入0.6ml吡啶,产生少量白色沉淀,加入20mlCH2CL2稀释后,过滤除去沉淀,滤液依次用水、5%HCl、饱和NaHCO3、水洗涤、无水Na2SO1干燥,减压蒸除溶剂后所得粗产物用柱层析分离纯化,用石油醚/丙酮=4/1~2/1淋洗,分离出目标产物,浓缩,得本产品。
4β-间氟苯甲酰胺基-4-去氧鬼臼毒素的制备:
取0.40gNH2-PPT、1.2mmol DCC(0.2472g)及20ml无水CH2CL2,自平衡漏斗逐滴加入等摩尔的酸及10ml无水CH2CL2的混合溶液。在冰水浴中搅拌,TLC检测大部分原料(80%)已转化,延长搅拌时间转化率提高不多,停止搅拌,滴加几滴冰醋酸分解过量的DCC,过滤,除去沉淀,滤液以5N的氨水洗涤,再用蒸馏水洗两次,以无水Na2SO4干燥,蒸除溶剂,得白色固体,以硅胶柱层析分离产物,以CHCL3/CH3OH的适当比便分离出目标产物,用丙酮作溶剂重结晶,得晶体。
昆虫毒理学研究表明,鬼臼毒素类似物对昆虫有拒食、抑制生长发育的作用。初步研究表明,其作用机理为:鬼臼毒素类化合物进入虫体后可能分布在体壁、脂肪体、中肠、马氏管中,从而导致虫体壁变薄、角质化程度增高,使表皮不能形成,中肠内食物结块;体内水分代谢失衡,最终导致试虫死亡;这类药物可能抑制昆虫的DNA基因位点,使其基因发生异常组合,幼虫推近代蛹;也可能作用于神经内分泌系统,从而形成畸形蛹、死蛹、变化后不能飞翔的症状。
本发明有益效果:(1)、本发明提出了鬼臼类化合物的结构通式,在此基础上,可筛选出抗虫活性更高的衍生物;(2)、确定鬼臼类化合物在抗虫上的应用,扩大了植物杀虫剂的范围,同时为人工合成提供了依据。(3)、将鬼臼类化合物作为植物农药在生产上应用,减少了环境污染。
实施例:
1.供试昆虫
1)菜青虫(Pieris rapae):自近期内未施过药的甘蓝地采回菜青虫幼虫,经室内饲养,挑选个体大小一致,发育正常的5龄前期幼虫,饥饿2-3h后供试。
2)小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.):从深圳引回抗性种群,于室内用蛭石培养萝卜苗饲养,试验时挑选健康,整齐的3龄幼虫,饥饿2-3h供试。
3)粘虫(Mythimna separata Walker):用诱虫灯诱捕活成虫,让其产卵于室内(T=25±2℃;RH=65-80%;L/D=12h/12h)以小麦叶片或玉米叶片人工饲养繁殖。试验时挑选个体大小一致的3龄中期幼虫,饥饿2-3h供试。
2.样品及溶剂
1)样品由兰州大学化学系有机分析组提供或自己制备
2)溶剂为丙酮,西安化学试剂厂生产,分析纯
3.生测方法
1)菜青虫生测法
采用小叶碟添加法;在直径5cm的塑料培养皿底部铺一层滤纸,并加水保湿。每皿挑试虫一头,将待试样品用丙酮稀释成一定浓度,从没施过药的新鲜甘蓝叶片上用打孔器制出直径1cm的叶碟,在配好的药液内浸1-2S,自然晾干(另设丙酮液为对照组)。于每皿内加一片叶碟,室温(T=25±2℃;RH=65-80%)下饲养,待试虫吃完一片叶碟后再加入处理叶碟。夜晚视试虫取食情况可多加几片,记录试虫取食的叶碟数量,按公式(1)计算拒食率,48h开始以正常叶片饲养。将试虫按实验中观察到的生长发育、死亡情况分为5个级别,分级标准为:0.死于5龄幼虫阶段;1.死于预蛹或化为畸形蛹;2.死于蛹期,蛹内未发育为成虫状;3.已发育为成虫状,但不能正常脱壳羽化;4.可羽化为正常成虫。统计各级虫数及死、活虫数,计算:
用以上几个指标,主要是“发育抑制率”,结合“MID”值(Mean ofInhibitory Degree,即各处理中死亡虫体被阻止发育的平均级别数),来综合评判各样品对5龄菜青虫的生长发育抑制作用及毒效。
2)小菜蛾的生测方法采用叶片分级法:在养虫盒(Φ:3.9cm;h:7cm,盒盖上有一通气孔)中放一张滤纸(φ:4cm),加水保湿,每盒中放入10头3龄中期幼虫;以丙酮将样品稀释成一定浓度的溶液,将新鲜甘蓝叶片用1cm打孔器打制成1cm的叶碟,于药液内浸1-2S,晾干后每盒内放3片,每样品设3个重复(即用试虫30头)。采用叶片分级法48h检查试虫取食叶片量和中毒死亡情况,按公式(8)计算48h拒食率。48h后换以正常叶片饲喂,直到化蛹,按公式(10)计算最终死亡率。叶片分级标准:0级:叶片上无取食痕迹;1级:叶片上有零星取食痕迹;2级:叶片上有明显取食缺刻;3级:叶片被取食面积约占1/3;4级:叶片被取食面积约占1/2;5级:仅留下少量残渣。 3)粘虫的生测方法
在直径9cm的养虫盒底部铺一层滤纸,加水保湿,每盒中放入5头健壮、饥饿12h的3龄粘虫,以丙酮将样品稀释成一定浓度的溶液,将新鲜小麦叶剪成1×2cm的叶片,于药液内浸1-2秒,晾干后放入盒内,每样品设6个重复(即用试虫30头)。记录48h试虫的取食情况,按公式(1)计算48h拒食率。鬼臼毒素类化合物的生物活性测定结果见表1。表1鬼臼毒素类化合物的生测结果:化合物名称 菜青虫 小菜蛾 粘虫
48h拒食率(%) 发育指数 (%) 发率抑制率(%) 校正死亡率(%) MID值48h拒食率(%) 最终死亡率 (%) 48h拒食率脱氧鬼臼毒素 97.3a 0 100.0 100.0 0 76.3 4.9 76.3鬼臼毒素 96.4a 20.0 77.8 100.0 0.44 56.3 73.3 56.0β-鬼臼毒素 99.7a 77.5 13.9 37.5 2.52 24.9 0 42.8氯代表鬼臼 95.2a 60.0 33.3 50.0 1.34 25.4 20.04β-O-氯乙酰基鬼臼毒素
96.3 5.8 93.2 100.0 0.27 - - 68.14β-间氟苯甲酰胺基-4-去氧鬼臼毒素
70.9 47.4 44.5 86.7 1.945 - - 81.4注:(1)测定时,T=25±2℃,RH=65-80%;
(2)每处理用试虫菜青虫10头;小菜蛾3个重复,每重复10头;粘虫6个重复,每重复5头;
(3)各样品浓度均为4mg·ml-1;
(4)拒食率后的相同字母表示方差分析(DMRT)中5%水平上无显著差异。
Claims (1)
1、鬼臼类化合物,其特征在于其化学通式为:
其中空间构型为:C-1,α构型;C-2、C-3之间连接为反式内酯环;C-4位的构型可以是α位或β位;
其中C-4位的取代基R可以是:
(1)R=H,该化合物为脱氧鬼臼毒素;
(2)R=OH,空间构型为α构型,为鬼臼毒素;空间构型为β构型,为β-鬼臼毒素或表鬼臼;
(3)R=X,X为卤素;
(4)
,R的空间构型为β构型;R1可以是少于4个碳的烃基,卤代烃茎,芳香烃或取代芳香烃基。
(5)
,R的空间构型为β构型;R2可以是烃基,卤代烃茎,芳香烃或取代的芳香烃基
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