CN112425446A - Crop rotation planting method for red tricholoma matsutake and morchella in raspberry forest in Gansu plateau area - Google Patents
Crop rotation planting method for red tricholoma matsutake and morchella in raspberry forest in Gansu plateau area Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting red tricholoma matsutake and morchella in rotation under a raspberry forest in Gansu plateau areas, which relates to the technical field of agricultural planting and has the technical scheme that: after the raspberries are harvested, a cultivation material is laid among the raspberries, and the bottom of 7 months is subjected to hole sowing of the tricholoma matsutake cultivation seeds; fruiting the tricholoma matsutake at the beginning of 9 months, and finishing harvesting at the bottom of 10 months; pruning raspberry branches as seed production raw materials of the red pine mushrooms and the morchella and cultivation materials for planting the red pine mushrooms at the beginning of 11 months; in the same year for 10-12 months, the base material after harvesting the red pine mushrooms is used as the organic culture material of the morchella rotation, lime water is sprayed on the original ridge after harvesting the red pine mushrooms, and morchella cultivated species are broadcast sown; fruiting in 3 months in the second year, and harvesting in 5 months; according to the invention, the red pine mushroom and the morchella esculenta are planted under the raspberry forest in turn, and the red pine mushroom and the morchella esculenta in the raspberry forest have the functions of shading sun, preventing wind and preserving moisture; meanwhile, the waste materials after pruning the raspberry forest can be used as seed production raw materials of the red tricholoma matsutake and the morchella and cultivation materials during planting, and the method has good social benefit, economic benefit and ecological benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a crop rotation planting method for tricholoma matsutake and morchella in a raspberry forest in Gansu plateau areas.
Background
The raspberry fruit contains rich amino acids, stilbene components, anthocyanin, vitamins, SOD and various nutrient components which are easily absorbed by a human body, has obvious antioxidant effect, and can promote the absorption of the human body to other nutrient substances, improve the metabolism and enhance the disease resistance; the raspberry fruits contain a large amount of salicylic acid, phenolic acid and other substances, and the substances have obvious functions of resisting cardiovascular diseases and preventing thrombus. Long-term consumption of raspberry is beneficial to protecting heart and preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis of blood vessel wall, and embrittlement and rupture of cerebral vessels. In particular, a large amount of raspberry ketones contained in red raspberries can directly act on adipocytes, increasing the affinity of lipolytic enzymes with fat, which has been shown to have a 3-fold higher lipolytic effect than capsaicin in capsicum. Researches suggest that the purposes of losing weight and losing weight can be achieved by taking a proper amount of raspberry fruits or corresponding fruit products every day. The roots, stems, leaves and fruits of raspberry can be used as medicine.
The morchella is a famous rare edible and medicinal fungus which is recognized in the world, belongs to the family of morchella in the class of sclerotinia in the subgenus of ascomycetes, has unique fragrance, rich nutrition, complete functions and obvious eating effect, is rich in various amino acids and organic germanium required by human bodies, and has the effects of tonifying kidney, strengthening yang, nourishing brain, refreshing and the like. The anti-cancer effect of the compound is obvious, the compound has strong inhibition effect on myoma cells, has higher edible value and medical value, is called land fish in the United states, and is always used as a high-grade tonic for human nutrition in developed countries such as Europe and America. It is mainly distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu, Xinjiang, Shaanxi, Liaoning places, etc., and Morchella is also found in Anhui and Henan. Because of rich nutrient components and important medicinal value of morchella, people call it a natural, nutritional and multifunctional health food, and the vegetarian has the name of king in bacteria. The morchella esculenta is tender, crisp and delicious, has unique flavor, contains various amino acids, vitamin subunit, linoleic acid and mineral elements, and has the effects of improving the immunity of the organism, preventing and resisting cancers, resisting inflammation, protecting the liver and the like. In recent years, with the trend and pursuit of good life of people, morchella has become the leading fungus for internationally exploring and developing composite nutritional functional foods. The wild morchella is mainly distributed in temperate and cold temperate regions, and the wild morchella in China is mainly distributed in northern temperate, southwest, northwest and Qinghai-Tibet plateau regions, and in Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, Henan, Shanxi and Guizhou regions.
The Tricholoma matsutake is also called Stropharia rugoso-annulata, Stropharia rugoso-annulata and Stropharia rugoso-annulata. The red date rice has the characteristics of large flower, bright color, tender meat, crisp cover handle, faint scent, good taste, beautiful color, fresh taste, tenderness, crispness, good mouthfeel and the like, and is rich in 17 amino acids and various mineral substances necessary for human bodies. The content of the vitamin PP is 10 times of that of cabbage, tomatoes and cucumbers, the contents of protein and amino acid are higher than those of edible fungi such as black fungus, mushrooms and oyster mushrooms, the protein content is 25.75%, the average level of the protein content of other edible fungi is higher, the variety of the amino acid is complete, the content of crude fiber is higher, and rich dietary fiber can be provided. Meanwhile, the tricholoma matsutake food contains rich saponin, taurine, total flavonoids, polyphenol, vitamin C and other bioactive substances, can effectively prevent hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, can strengthen essence and tonify kidney, restore energy, strengthen heart and enrich blood, strengthen brain and promote intelligence, regulate qi and reduce phlegm, resist radiation, expel parasites, maintain beauty and keep young, delay senility, prevent and treat nervous system, relieve mental fatigue and digestive system diseases, reduce cholesterol in blood, prevent coronary heart disease, strengthen yang and tonify kidney, has the function of improving SOD activity, the stropharia rugoso-annulata has the advantages of accelerating the removal of free radicals, delaying the decline of tissues and organs, improving the cardiovascular function, promoting metabolism, improving the capabilities of resisting viruses and cell mutation of a human body and enhancing the immunologic function, is rich in nutrition and fresh and tender in taste, is one of the edible fungi recommended to be cultivated by FAO in developing countries, and is also one of the main edible fungi which are traded on the international edible fungi market. The Chinese wild Pinus densiflora is distributed in Gansu, Yunnan, Sichuan, Tibet, Jilin, etc.
With the rapid development of industry, the living environment is rapidly destroyed due to excessive exploitation of natural resources, the human health is seriously threatened, the requirement for improving the living environment is urgent, and the basic requirements of fresh and natural air, water, natural food and the like become fashion pursuits. At present, the government has gradually increased treatment intensity on environmental pollution, and particularly, the government pays more attention to the influence of environmental pollution caused by random stacking or incineration of agricultural wastes, and the government has been taken as a key treatment object. The comprehensive utilization of agricultural wastes, the waste is changed into valuable, and the benefits of common people are the first important matters in the present stage, so the development of the edible fungus industry can change the waste into valuable, and can be comprehensively developed and utilized, and the method has very remarkable social and economic benefits, and is the sunrise industry with the most prospect at present. However, the existing edible fungus planting has poor economic benefit, so that the large-scale artificial planting of the edible fungus is difficult to popularize. Therefore, how to research and design an edible fungus cultivation technology which has high economic efficiency and reasonably utilizes resources is a problem which is urgently needed to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the large-scale artificial planting of edible fungi is difficult to popularize due to poor economic benefit of the conventional edible fungi planting method, the invention aims to provide a method for planting red tricholoma matsutake and morchella esculenta in raspberry forests in Gansu plateau areas in a rotation manner.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for planting red tricholoma matsutake and morchella in rotation under a raspberry forest in Gansu plateau area comprises the following steps:
s101: raspberry forest land management
Performing soil preparation and weeding treatment on a raspberry forest land, and controlling the row spacing of the raspberries to be 100 and 120cm and the plant spacing to be 80-100 cm;
s102: planting of red pine mushroom
After the raspberries are harvested, a cultivation material is laid among the raspberries, the bottom of 7 months is used for hole sowing of the tricholoma matsutake cultivation seeds, the height of each ridge of the tricholoma matsutake cultivation seeds is 20-25cm, the width of each ridge is 80-100cm, 3 rows of the tricholoma matsutake are planted in each ridge, and the hole distance is 5-6 cm; fruiting the tricholoma matsutake at the beginning of 9 months, and finishing harvesting at the bottom of 10 months; pruning raspberry branches as seed production raw materials of the red pine mushrooms and the morchella and cultivation materials for planting the red pine mushrooms at the beginning of 11 months;
s103: cultivation of red pine antler strain
The culture medium for the tricholoma matsutake stock seeds comprises the following components: raspberry branch scraps, corn straw powder, bran, lime, Junonouli and mushroom origin peptide;
the culture medium for the tricholoma matsutake cultivars comprises the following components: raspberry branch scraps, corn straw powder, bran, white sugar, lime, gypsum, Junonobilis and mushroom source peptide;
the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material comprises the following components: mixing all the raw materials of raspberry branch scraps, corn straw, lime, Junonobilis and mushroom source peptide uniformly, and fermenting at high temperature for 15-20 days;
s104: morchella planting
In the same year for 10-12 months, collecting red pine mushroom, using the collected base material as organic culture material for cultivating Morchella esculenta, spraying lime water on the original ridge after harvesting red pine mushroom, sowing Morchella esculenta culture seeds, wherein the height of the Morchella esculenta culture ridge is 20-25cm, the width of the ridge is 80-100cm, 3 rows of Morchella esculenta are planted in each ridge, and the sowing amount is 1kg/m2(ii) a Fruiting in 3 months in the second year, and harvesting in 5 months;
s105: morchella strain breeding
The toadstool stock culture medium comprises the following components: raspberry branch crumbs, wheat, bran, lime, triacontanol and mushroom origin peptide;
the culture medium for the morchella cultivars comprises the following components: raspberry branch scraps, wheat, bran, lime, vermiculite, triacontanol, Junonouli and mushroom origin peptide;
the morchella nutrition bag for external use comprises the following components: raspberry branch scraps, wheat, lime, vermiculite, triacontanol, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Further, the breeding of the tricholoma matsutake strains is specifically as follows:
the tricholoma matsutake stock culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-55% of raspberry branch scraps, 18-22% of corn straw powder, 18-22% of bran, 1.8-2.2% of lime, 3.5-4.5% of pennogenol and 3.5-4.5% of mushroom force source peptide;
the culture medium for the tricholoma matsutake cultivars comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45-55% of raspberry branch scraps, 18-22% of corn straw powder, 12-18% of bran, 0.8-1.2% of white sugar, 0.8-1.2% of lime, 0.8-1.2% of gypsum, 5-7% of pennogenol and 5-7% of mushroom force source peptide;
the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-55% of raspberry branch scraps, 35-45% of corn straws, 1.8-2.2% of lime, 3.5-4.5% of Junonouli and 3.5-4.5% of mushroom peptide source, and uniformly mixing all the raw materials of the cultivation material and fermenting at high temperature for 15-20 days.
Further, the breeding of the tricholoma matsutake strains is specifically as follows:
the tricholoma matsutake stock culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50% of raspberry branch scraps, 20% of corn straw powder, 20% of bran, 2% of lime, 4% of pennobilis and 4% of mushroom origin peptide;
the culture medium for the tricholoma matsutake cultivars comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of raspberry branch scraps, 20% of corn straw powder, 15% of bran, 1% of white sugar, 1% of lime, 1% of gypsum, 6% of pennobiles and 6% of mushroom source peptide;
the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50% of raspberry branch scraps, 40% of corn straws, 2% of lime, 4% of pennogenol and 4% of mushroom source peptide, and uniformly mixing all the raw materials of the cultivation material, and fermenting at high temperature for 15-20 days.
Further, the breeding of the morchella strain specifically comprises the following steps:
the toadstool stock culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 35-45% of raspberry branch scraps, 25-35% of wheat, 22-28% of bran, 1.8-2.2% of lime, 3.5-4.5% of triacontanol and 3.5-4.5% of mushroom source peptide;
the culture medium for the morchella cultivars comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25-35% of raspberry branch scraps, 35-45% of wheat, 12-18% of bran, 0.8-1.2% of lime, 1.8-2.2% of vermiculite, 2.5-3.5% of triacontanol, 4-6% of pennogenol and 3.5-4.5% of mushroom origin peptide;
the morchella external aid nutrition bag comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45-55% of raspberry branch scraps, 35-45% of wheat, 1.8-2.2% of lime, 2.5-3.5% of vermiculite, 2.5-3.5% of triacontanol, 0.8-1.2% of urea and 0.8-1.2% of monopotassium phosphate.
Further, the breeding of the morchella strain specifically comprises the following steps:
the toadstool stock culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40% of raspberry branch scraps, 30% of wheat, 25% of bran, 2% of lime, 4% of triacontanol and 4% of mushroom origin peptide;
the culture medium for the morchella cultivars comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 30% of raspberry branch scraps, 40% of wheat, 15% of bran, 1% of lime, 2% of vermiculite, 3% of triacontanol, 5% of pennobiles and 4% of mushroom origin peptide;
the morchella external aid nutrition bag comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of raspberry branch scraps, 40% of wheat, 2% of lime, 3% of vermiculite, 3% of triacontanol, 1% of urea and 1% of monopotassium phosphate.
Further, the raspberry pruning specifically comprises:
according to the natural growth light conditions of tricholoma matsutake and morchella at different stages, the leaf area index, the average inclination angle of the leaves, the scattering radiation transmittance, the direct radiation transmittance under different solar altitude angles, the extinction coefficient under different solar altitude angles, the azimuth distribution of the leaf area density and the photosynthetic effective radiation inside and outside the canopy are obtained by a canopy analysis method under the condition of considering the natural growth rate of raspberries, and pruning is carried out by combining the next year result condition.
Furthermore, the optimal planting density of the raspberries and the optimal planting time of the tricholoma matsutake and the morchella esculenta can realize that the illumination intensity of the tricholoma matsutake in the growth and development period is controlled to be 800-800 Lx, the temperature is controlled to be 22-28 ℃, the illumination intensity of the morchella esculenta is controlled to be 500-800Lx, and the temperature is controlled to be 8-25 ℃.
Furthermore, the raspberry forest land is selected from raspberry fruit bearing forest lands with the altitude of 2300 and 2800m and the growth period of more than 2 years.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the red pine mushroom and the morchella esculenta are planted under the raspberry forest in turn, and the red pine mushroom and the morchella esculenta in the raspberry forest have the functions of shading sun, preventing wind and preserving moisture; meanwhile, the waste materials of the pruned raspberry forest can be used as seed production raw materials of tricholoma matsutake and morchella esculenta and cultivation materials during planting, the raspberry branch and leaf cyclic regeneration principle and the multi-level agricultural waste utilization technology are fully utilized, the production and agricultural sustainable development of agricultural waste in Gansu plateau areas with extremely severe natural environment are creatively realized, the resource utilization efficiency is improved, and the agricultural industrial structure is adjusted and optimized, so that the raspberry forest cultivation method has better social benefit, economic benefit and ecological benefit; in addition, after the raspberry is pruned, adaptive light utilization conditions can be provided for the red pine mushroom and the morchella under the condition of normal growth rate, and the growth cycles of the raspberry, the red pine mushroom and the morchella do not conflict with each other during rotation; the method has the advantages that the red pine mushroom and morchella are planted under the raspberry forest in a rotation mode, so that the utilization efficiency of the land and the multiple cropping index of the effective area are improved, the cyclic utilization of agricultural waste resources is realized, the agricultural cyclic economy is promoted and developed, and the economic income of farmers is greatly increased; wherein, the profit of a single raspberry per mu is 4000 yuan, the profit of a single red pine mushroom is 6000 yuan, the profit of a single morel is 7000 yuan, the profit of red pine mushroom and morel planted under raspberry trees is 2000+4000+5000 as 11000 yuan, and the profit is increased by 175%, 83.3% and 57.4% in sequence compared with the profit of the single raspberry, the red pine mushroom and the morel.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments.
Raspberry, also called raspberry, mountain thrower, milk foam, seedling spread foam, etc., has the functions of astringing essence, tonifying kidney, supporting yang, improving eyesight, sobering up, quenching thirst, resolving phlegm and removing toxicity, and is mainly used for treating kidney deficiency, spermatorrhea, drunkenness, erysipelas, etc. Slight bitter leaf, toxin-removing, swelling-dispersing, sore-healing, sore throat, multiple abscess, mastitis, etc. China is distributed in China except Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Tibet. Korea, Japan, Myanmar, Vietnam are also available.
Example 1: a method for planting red tricholoma matsutake and morchella in rotation under a raspberry forest in Gansu plateau area comprises the following steps:
s101: raspberry forest land management
Performing soil preparation and weeding treatment on raspberry forest lands, and controlling row spacing of raspberries to be 100cm and plant spacing to be 80 cm. Selecting raspberry with altitude of 2300m and over 2 years as the raspberry forest land.
S102: planting of red pine mushroom
After the raspberries are harvested, a cultivation material is laid among the raspberries, the bottom of 7 months is used for hole sowing of the tricholoma matsutake cultivation seeds, the height of each ridge of the tricholoma matsutake cultivation seeds is 20cm, the width of each ridge is 80cm, 3 rows of the tricholoma matsutake are planted in each ridge, and the hole distance is 5 cm; fruiting the tricholoma matsutake at the beginning of 9 months, and finishing harvesting at the bottom of 10 months; and (3) cutting off raspberry branches at the beginning of 11 months to serve as seed production raw materials of the red pine mushrooms and the morchella esculenta and cultivation materials for planting the red pine mushrooms.
The raspberry pruning specifically comprises the following steps: according to the natural growth light conditions of tricholoma matsutake and morchella at different stages, the leaf area index, the average inclination angle of the leaves, the scattering radiation transmittance, the direct radiation transmittance under different solar altitude angles, the extinction coefficient under different solar altitude angles, the azimuth distribution of the leaf area density and the photosynthetic effective radiation inside and outside the canopy are obtained by a canopy analysis method under the condition of considering the natural growth rate of raspberries, and pruning is carried out by combining the next year result condition. The optimal planting density of the raspberries and the optimal planting time of the tricholoma matsutake and the morchella esculenta can realize that the illumination intensity of the tricholoma matsutake in the growth and development period is controlled to be 800Lx, the temperature is controlled to be 22 ℃, the illumination intensity of the morchella esculenta is controlled to be 500Lx, and the temperature is controlled to be 8 ℃.
S103: cultivation of red pine antler strain
The tricholoma matsutake stock culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45% of raspberry branch scraps, 18% of corn straw powder, 18% of bran, 1.8% of lime, 3.5% of pennobilis and 3.5% of mushroom origin peptide;
the culture medium for the tricholoma matsutake cultivars comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45% of raspberry branch scraps, 18% of corn straw powder, 12% of bran, 0.8% of white sugar, 0.8% of lime, 0.8% of gypsum, 5% of pennogenol and 5% of mushroom force source peptide;
the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45% of raspberry branch scraps, 35% of corn straws, 1.8% of lime, 3.5% of Junonouli and 3.5% of mushroom source peptide, and uniformly mixing all the raw materials of the cultivation material and fermenting at high temperature for 15 days.
S104: morchella planting
In the same year of 10 months, the base material after harvesting the red pine mushrooms is used as the organic culture material of the morchella rotation, lime water is sprayed on the original ridge after harvesting the red pine mushrooms, then morchella cultivation seeds are broadcast, the height of the morchella cultivation ridge is 20cm, the width of the ridge is 80cm, 3 rows of morchella are planted in each ridge, the seeding amount is 1kg/m2(ii) a Fruiting in 3 months in the second year, and harvesting in 5 months
S105: morchella strain breeding
The toadstool stock culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 35% of raspberry branch scraps, 25% of wheat, 22% of bran, 1.8% of lime, 3.5% of triacontanol and 3.5% of mushroom source peptide;
the culture medium for the morchella cultivars comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25% of raspberry branch scraps, 35% of wheat, 12% of bran, 0.8% of lime, 1.8% of vermiculite, 2.5% of triacontanol, 4% of pennogenol and 3.5% of mushroom origin peptide;
the morchella external aid nutrition bag comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45% of raspberry branch scraps, 35% of wheat, 1.8% of lime, 2.5% of vermiculite, 2.5% of triacontanol, 0.8% of urea and 0.8% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Example 2: a method for planting red tricholoma matsutake and morchella in rotation under a raspberry forest in Gansu plateau area comprises the following steps:
s101: raspberry forest land management
Performing soil preparation and weeding treatment on the raspberry forest land, and controlling the row spacing of the raspberries to be 110cm and the plant spacing to be 90 cm. Selecting raspberry at elevation of 2600m and over 2 years as the raspberry forest land for bearing fruit.
S102: planting of red pine mushroom
After the raspberries are harvested, a cultivation material is laid among the raspberries, the bottom of 7 months is used for hole sowing of the tricholoma matsutake cultivation seeds, the height of each ridge of the tricholoma matsutake cultivation seeds is 20-25cm, the width of each ridge is 90cm, 3 rows of the tricholoma matsutake are planted in each ridge, and the hole distance is 6 cm; fruiting the tricholoma matsutake at the beginning of 9 months, and finishing harvesting at the bottom of 10 months; and (3) cutting off raspberry branches at the beginning of 11 months to serve as seed production raw materials of the red pine mushrooms and the morchella esculenta and cultivation materials for planting the red pine mushrooms.
The raspberry pruning specifically comprises the following steps: according to the natural growth light conditions of tricholoma matsutake and morchella at different stages, the leaf area index, the average inclination angle of the leaves, the scattering radiation transmittance, the direct radiation transmittance under different solar altitude angles, the extinction coefficient under different solar altitude angles, the azimuth distribution of the leaf area density and the photosynthetic effective radiation inside and outside the canopy are obtained by a canopy analysis method under the condition of considering the natural growth rate of raspberries, and pruning is carried out by combining the next year result condition. The optimal planting density of the raspberries and the optimal planting time of the tricholoma matsutake and the morchella esculenta can realize that the illumination intensity of the tricholoma matsutake in the growth and development period is controlled at 900Lx, the temperature is controlled at 25 ℃, the illumination intensity of the morchella esculenta is controlled at 650Lx, and the temperature is controlled at 16 ℃.
S103: cultivation of red pine antler strain
The tricholoma matsutake stock culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50% of raspberry branch scraps, 20% of corn straw powder, 20% of bran, 2% of lime, 4% of pennobilis and 4% of mushroom origin peptide;
the culture medium for the tricholoma matsutake cultivars comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of raspberry branch scraps, 20% of corn straw powder, 15% of bran, 1% of white sugar, 1% of lime, 1% of gypsum, 6% of pennobiles and 6% of mushroom source peptide;
the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50% of raspberry branch scraps, 40% of corn straws, 2% of lime, 4% of pennogenol and 4% of mushroom source peptide, and uniformly mixing all the raw materials of the cultivation material, and fermenting at high temperature for 15-20 days.
S104: morchella planting
In the same year of 11 months, the base material after harvesting the red pine mushrooms is used as the organic culture material of the morchella rotation, lime water is sprayed on the original ridge after harvesting the red pine mushrooms, then morchella cultivation seeds are broadcast, the height of the morchella cultivation ridge is 22cm, the width of the ridge is 90cm, 3 rows of morchella are planted in each ridge, the seeding amount is 1kg/m2(ii) a Fruiting in 3 months in the second year, and harvesting in 5 months.
S105: morchella strain breeding
The toadstool stock culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40% of raspberry branch scraps, 30% of wheat, 25% of bran, 2% of lime, 4% of triacontanol and 4% of mushroom origin peptide;
the culture medium for the morchella cultivars comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 30% of raspberry branch scraps, 40% of wheat, 15% of bran, 1% of lime, 2% of vermiculite, 3% of triacontanol, 5% of pennobiles and 4% of mushroom origin peptide;
the morchella external aid nutrition bag comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of raspberry branch scraps, 40% of wheat, 2% of lime, 3% of vermiculite, 3% of triacontanol, 1% of urea and 1% of monopotassium phosphate.
Example 3: a method for planting red tricholoma matsutake and morchella in rotation under a raspberry forest in Gansu plateau area comprises the following steps:
s101: raspberry forest land management
Performing soil preparation and weeding treatment on raspberry forest lands, and controlling row spacing of the raspberries to be 120cm and plant spacing to be 100 cm. Selecting a raspberry fruit bearing forest land with the altitude of 2800m and the growth period of more than 2 years.
S102: planting of red pine mushroom
After the raspberries are harvested, a cultivation material is laid among the raspberries, the bottom of 7 months is used for hole sowing of the tricholoma matsutake cultivation seeds, the height of each ridge of the tricholoma matsutake cultivation seeds is 25cm, the width of each ridge is 100cm, 3 rows of the tricholoma matsutake are planted in each ridge, and the hole distance is 6 cm; fruiting the tricholoma matsutake at the beginning of 9 months, and finishing harvesting at the bottom of 10 months; and (3) cutting off raspberry branches at the beginning of 11 months to serve as seed production raw materials of the red pine mushrooms and the morchella esculenta and cultivation materials for planting the red pine mushrooms.
The raspberry pruning specifically comprises the following steps: according to the natural growth light conditions of tricholoma matsutake and morchella at different stages, the leaf area index, the average inclination angle of the leaves, the scattering radiation transmittance, the direct radiation transmittance under different solar altitude angles, the extinction coefficient under different solar altitude angles, the azimuth distribution of the leaf area density and the photosynthetic effective radiation inside and outside the canopy are obtained by a canopy analysis method under the condition of considering the natural growth rate of raspberries, and pruning is carried out by combining the next year result condition. The optimal planting density of the raspberries and the optimal planting time of the tricholoma matsutake and the morchella esculenta can realize that the illumination intensity of the tricholoma matsutake in the growth and development period is controlled to be 1000Lx, the temperature is controlled to be 28 ℃, the illumination intensity of the morchella esculenta is controlled to be 800Lx, and the temperature is controlled to be 25 ℃.
S103: cultivation of red pine antler strain
The tricholoma matsutake stock culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55% of raspberry branch scraps, 22% of corn straw powder, 22% of bran, 2.2% of lime, 4.5% of pennobilis and 4.5% of mushroom origin peptide;
the culture medium for the tricholoma matsutake cultivars comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 55% of raspberry branch scraps, 22% of corn straw powder, 18% of bran, 1.2% of white sugar, 1.2% of lime, 1.2% of gypsum, 7% of pennogenol and 7% of mushroom force source peptide;
the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55% of raspberry branch scraps, 45% of corn straws, 2.2% of lime, 4.5% of Junonouli and 4.5% of mushroom source peptide, and uniformly mixing all the raw materials of the cultivation material and fermenting at high temperature for 20 days.
S104: morchella planting
In the same year of 12 months, the base material after harvesting the red pine mushrooms is used as the organic culture material of the morchella rotation, lime water is sprayed on the original ridge after harvesting the red pine mushrooms, then morchella cultivation seeds are broadcast, the height of the morchella cultivation ridge is 25cm, the width of the ridge is 100cm, 3 rows of morchella are planted in each ridge, the seeding amount is 1kg/m2(ii) a Fruiting in 3 months in the second year, and harvesting in 5 months
S105: morchella strain breeding
The toadstool stock culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45% of raspberry branch scraps, 35% of wheat, 28% of bran, 2.2% of lime, 4.5% of triacontanol and 4.5% of mushroom source peptide;
the culture medium for the morchella cultivars comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 35% of raspberry branch scraps, 45% of wheat, 18% of bran, 1.2% of lime, 2.2% of vermiculite, 3.5% of triacontanol, 6% of pennogenol and 4.5% of mushroom origin peptide;
the morchella external aid nutrition bag comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 55% of raspberry branch scraps, 45% of wheat, 2.2% of lime, 3.5% of vermiculite, 3.5% of triacontanol, 1.2% of urea and 1.2% of monopotassium phosphate.
The economic benefits of the invention after planting are counted and analyzed, and compared with the average income of the past 5 years. The results of the statistics and survey analysis show that: in the past, the profit of a single raspberry per mu is about 4000 yuan, the profit of a single red tricholoma matsutake is about 6000 yuan, and the profit of a single morchella esculenta is about 7000 yuan. The profit of the red pine mushroom and the morchella in rotation under the raspberry forest is 2000+4000+ 5000-11000 yuan, and the profit is increased by 175 percent, 83.3 percent and 57.4 percent compared with that of the single raspberry, the red pine mushroom and the morchella in sequence.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for planting red tricholoma matsutake and morchella in rotation under a raspberry forest in Gansu plateau areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s101: raspberry forest land management
Performing soil preparation and weeding treatment on a raspberry forest land, and controlling the row spacing of the raspberries to be 100 and 120cm and the plant spacing to be 80-100 cm;
s102: planting of red pine mushroom
After the raspberries are harvested, a cultivation material is laid among the raspberries, the bottom of 7 months is used for hole sowing of the tricholoma matsutake cultivation seeds, the height of each ridge of the tricholoma matsutake cultivation seeds is 20-25cm, the width of each ridge is 80-100cm, 3 rows of the tricholoma matsutake are planted in each ridge, and the hole distance is 5-6 cm; fruiting the tricholoma matsutake at the beginning of 9 months, and finishing harvesting at the bottom of 10 months; pruning raspberry branches as seed production raw materials of the red pine mushrooms and the morchella and cultivation materials for planting the red pine mushrooms at the beginning of 11 months;
s103: cultivation of red pine antler strain
The culture medium for the tricholoma matsutake stock seeds comprises the following components: raspberry branch scraps, corn straw powder, bran, lime, Junonouli and mushroom origin peptide;
the culture medium for the tricholoma matsutake cultivars comprises the following components: raspberry branch scraps, corn straw powder, bran, white sugar, lime, gypsum, Junonobilis and mushroom source peptide;
the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material comprises the following components: mixing all the raw materials of raspberry branch scraps, corn straw, lime, Junonobilis and mushroom source peptide uniformly, and fermenting at high temperature for 15-20 days;
s104: morchella planting
In the same year for 10-12 months, collecting red pine mushroom, using the collected base material as organic culture material for cultivating Morchella esculenta, spraying lime water on the original ridge after harvesting red pine mushroom, sowing Morchella esculenta culture seeds, wherein the height of the Morchella esculenta culture ridge is 20-25cm, the width of the ridge is 80-100cm, 3 rows of Morchella esculenta are planted in each ridge, and the sowing amount is 1kg/m2(ii) a Fruiting in 3 months in the second year, and harvesting in 5 months;
s105: morchella strain breeding
The toadstool stock culture medium comprises the following components: raspberry branch crumbs, wheat, bran, lime, triacontanol and mushroom origin peptide;
the culture medium for the morchella cultivars comprises the following components: raspberry branch scraps, wheat, bran, lime, vermiculite, triacontanol, Junonouli and mushroom origin peptide;
the morchella nutrition bag for external use comprises the following components: raspberry branch scraps, wheat, lime, vermiculite, triacontanol, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
2. The method for planting red pine mushroom and morel in rotation under the raspberry forest in Gansu plateau area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the red pine mushroom strain breeding specifically comprises:
the tricholoma matsutake stock culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-55% of raspberry branch scraps, 18-22% of corn straw powder, 18-22% of bran, 1.8-2.2% of lime, 3.5-4.5% of pennogenol and 3.5-4.5% of mushroom force source peptide;
the culture medium for the tricholoma matsutake cultivars comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45-55% of raspberry branch scraps, 18-22% of corn straw powder, 12-18% of bran, 0.8-1.2% of white sugar, 0.8-1.2% of lime, 0.8-1.2% of gypsum, 5-7% of pennogenol and 5-7% of mushroom force source peptide;
the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-55% of raspberry branch scraps, 35-45% of corn straws, 1.8-2.2% of lime, 3.5-4.5% of Junonouli and 3.5-4.5% of mushroom peptide source, and uniformly mixing all the raw materials of the cultivation material and fermenting at high temperature for 15-20 days.
3. The method for planting red pine mushroom and morel in rotation under the raspberry forest in Gansu plateau area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the red pine mushroom strain breeding specifically comprises:
the tricholoma matsutake stock culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50% of raspberry branch scraps, 20% of corn straw powder, 20% of bran, 2% of lime, 4% of pennobilis and 4% of mushroom origin peptide;
the culture medium for the tricholoma matsutake cultivars comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of raspberry branch scraps, 20% of corn straw powder, 15% of bran, 1% of white sugar, 1% of lime, 1% of gypsum, 6% of pennobiles and 6% of mushroom source peptide;
the tricholoma matsutake cultivation material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50% of raspberry branch scraps, 40% of corn straws, 2% of lime, 4% of pennogenol and 4% of mushroom source peptide, and uniformly mixing all the raw materials of the cultivation material, and fermenting at high temperature for 15-20 days.
4. The method for planting red pine mushroom and morel in rotation under the raspberry forest in Gansu plateau area according to claim 1, wherein the morel strain breeding specifically comprises the following steps:
the toadstool stock culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 35-45% of raspberry branch scraps, 25-35% of wheat, 22-28% of bran, 1.8-2.2% of lime, 3.5-4.5% of triacontanol and 3.5-4.5% of mushroom source peptide;
the culture medium for the morchella cultivars comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25-35% of raspberry branch scraps, 35-45% of wheat, 12-18% of bran, 0.8-1.2% of lime, 1.8-2.2% of vermiculite, 2.5-3.5% of triacontanol, 4-6% of pennogenol and 3.5-4.5% of mushroom origin peptide;
the morchella external aid nutrition bag comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45-55% of raspberry branch scraps, 35-45% of wheat, 1.8-2.2% of lime, 2.5-3.5% of vermiculite, 2.5-3.5% of triacontanol, 0.8-1.2% of urea and 0.8-1.2% of monopotassium phosphate.
5. The method for planting red pine mushroom and morel in rotation under the raspberry forest in Gansu plateau area according to claim 1, wherein the morel strain breeding specifically comprises the following steps:
the toadstool stock culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40% of raspberry branch scraps, 30% of wheat, 25% of bran, 2% of lime, 4% of triacontanol and 4% of mushroom origin peptide;
the culture medium for the morchella cultivars comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 30% of raspberry branch scraps, 40% of wheat, 15% of bran, 1% of lime, 2% of vermiculite, 3% of triacontanol, 5% of pennobiles and 4% of mushroom origin peptide;
the morchella external aid nutrition bag comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50% of raspberry branch scraps, 40% of wheat, 2% of lime, 3% of vermiculite, 3% of triacontanol, 1% of urea and 1% of monopotassium phosphate.
6. The method for planting red pine mushroom and morel in rotation under the raspberry forest in Gansu plateau area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raspberry pruning is specifically as follows:
according to the natural growth light conditions of tricholoma matsutake and morchella at different stages, the leaf area index, the average inclination angle of the leaves, the scattering radiation transmittance, the direct radiation transmittance under different solar altitude angles, the extinction coefficient under different solar altitude angles, the azimuth distribution of the leaf area density and the photosynthetic effective radiation inside and outside the canopy are obtained by a canopy analysis method under the condition of considering the natural growth rate of raspberries, and pruning is carried out by combining the next year result condition.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optimal planting density of raspberries, the optimal planting time of the raspberries and the morchella can be controlled to be 800-800 Lx at the growth and development stage of the raspberries, 22-28 ℃ at the temperature, 500-800Lx at the illumination intensity of the morchella and 8-25 ℃.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the elevation area of Gansu province is selected from a fruit bearing forest land with elevation of 2300 and 2800m and age of 2 years or more.
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