CN112391697B - 一种冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维及制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN112391697B
CN112391697B CN202010855485.8A CN202010855485A CN112391697B CN 112391697 B CN112391697 B CN 112391697B CN 202010855485 A CN202010855485 A CN 202010855485A CN 112391697 B CN112391697 B CN 112391697B
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崔海英
李虹
林琳
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Abstract

本发明属于食品保鲜包装材料领域,具体涉及一种冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维的制备方法和应用。通过β‑乳球蛋白对冬青精油进行包埋,制备成纳米粒子,接着以枸杞多糖为基底,用静电纺丝技术制备冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维。本发明操作简单,将易挥发,不稳定的精油加入到一种“聚合物”中,可以保护精油免受环境、加工和食品条件的影响,可广泛应用于食品包装材料领域。

Description

一种冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维及制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于食品保鲜包装材料领域,具体涉及一种冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维及制备方法和应用。
背景技术
冬青(Ilex chinensis Sims),是冬青科常绿乔木,是一类开花植物,广泛分部于亚洲、欧洲、非洲北部、北美洲与南美洲。在中国主要分布于长江流域以南各省区。其精油被广泛应用于香料行业和芳香疗法中。它的主要成分有红花籽油、薄荷醇、蓝桉叶油、平铺白珠树叶油等,冬青精油具有抗菌、消炎、镇痛等功效,可促进局部血液循环。
然而冬青精油易挥发,暴露在空气中不稳定,因此急需寻找有效的方法降低冬青精油在使用过程中的挥发程度,延长其贮存期。近年来,蛋白质的递送作用及在疏水性生物活性物质中的包封作用,引起了广泛关注。β-乳球蛋白 (β-lactoglobulin)是乳清蛋白的主要成分,约占乳清蛋白总量的50%,含有162 个氨基酸,分子质量约为18.4kDa。β-乳球蛋白的结构主要是由八个反向平行的β-折叠构成的桶状结构,在其外侧含有三个α-螺旋。这一结构特点使β-乳球蛋白的内部形成了一个疏水性内腔,可为小分子提供结合位点,因此β-乳球蛋白非常适合作为壁材包埋功能因子。
然而,在食品表面喷洒纳米颗粒会导致扩散和不稳定,近年来,电纺纳米纤维被引入食品表面固定纳米粒子。其作用原理是施加高电压电于毛细管处的纺丝液滴,随后滴液带电,当静电斥力抵消了表面张力,从而拉伸液滴在表面成丝。静电纺丝制备的纳米纤维膜具有比表面积大、纳米级孔隙及活性化合物的高封装性等优点。可以纺丝溶剂很多,如聚环氧乙烯、聚乙烯醇及聚己内酯等,但聚合物应用于食品其安全性存在争议,目前研究热点是明胶和多糖等无毒无害的天然纺丝材料。
枸杞多糖(Lycium barbarum polysaccharides)是一种水溶性多糖,是枸杞中最主要的活性成分,相对分子质量为68-200,成为国内外研究热点。其中又以枸杞多糖的免疫调节和抗肿瘤作用的研究最多。现已有很多研究表明枸杞多糖具有促进免疫、抗衰老、抗肿瘤、清除自由基、抗疲劳、抗辐射、保肝、生殖功能保护和改善等作用。国内有一些关于枸杞多糖的专利申请,中国CN110558320A公开了一种双组氨酸/枸杞多糖复合抗菌剂及制备方法和应用;中国专利 CN110558323A公开了一种双赖氨酸/枸杞多糖协同抗菌剂及制备方法及应用;中国专利CN109876154A公开了一类枸杞多糖修饰的纳米粒子制备及其抗肿瘤活性研究,然而关于以枸杞多糖为基底,用静电纺丝技术制备抗菌纳米纤维的专利还未涉及。
因此,本发明用β-乳球蛋白对冬青精油进行包埋,制备成纳米粒子,接着以枸杞多糖为基底,用静电纺丝技术制备冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维,解决了精油易挥发,不稳定等缺点,可广泛应用于食品包装材料领域。
发明内容
本发明的目的是公开一种冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维及制备方法及应用,通过β-乳球蛋白对冬青精油进行包埋,制备成纳米粒子,接着以枸杞多糖为基底,用静电纺丝技术制备冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维,解决了精油易挥发,不稳定等缺点,可广泛应用于食品包装材料领域。
本发明所述抗菌纳米纤维的制备方法是:将冬青精油溶解于无水乙醇中得到溶液1,将β-乳球蛋白溶解于pH=6.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,磁力搅拌5h得到溶液2,在搅拌的条件下将溶液1缓慢滴入溶液2中,涡旋振荡,然后继续磁力搅拌1h,得到溶液3。接着向溶液3中加入聚环氧乙烷第三次磁力搅拌4h,最后加入枸杞多糖磁力搅拌过夜,制得纺丝前驱体溶液,注射器吸取纺丝前驱体溶液进行静电纺丝,得到纳米纤维。
所述溶液1,其制备方法为:将冬青精油溶解于无水乙醇中,溶解比例为1:10 (w/v),即1mg冬青精油溶解于10μL乙醇中。
所述纺丝前驱体溶液中,β-乳球蛋白的最终浓度为5-8μmol/L,冬青精油的添加最终浓度为2-4mg/mL。
所述纺丝前驱体溶液中,聚环氧乙烷的添加量为30-40mg/mL;枸杞多糖的添加量为5-8mg/mL,磁力搅拌温度均为25℃。
所述涡旋振荡,振荡时间为1-2min。
所述静电纺丝电压为15kV-25kV,推进速率为0.35-0.45mL/h,空气湿度控制在30%以下。
本发明制得的纳米抗菌膜与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
(1)现有技术多为枸杞多糖抗菌纳米粒子,在食品表面喷洒纳米颗粒会导致扩散和不稳定,本发明为抗菌膜,避免了在食品表面扩散这一缺点。
(2)本发明采用静电纺丝技术,制得的纳米纤维均一性好,且现有技术纺丝基底多为一些聚合物如聚乙烯醇等,应用于食品,其安全性存在争议,本发明以杏鲍菇多糖为基底,天然安全且与纤维膜各组分相容性好,同时还能起到协同抗菌的效果。
附图说明
图1为冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维的扫描电镜图。
图2为冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维抗大肠杆菌效果图。
图3为冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维抗金黄色葡萄球菌效果图。
具体实施方式
通过下面实例说明本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护内容,不仅局限于此。
实施例1冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维的制备
冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维的制备方法
①将冬青精油按1:10(w/v)溶解于无水乙醇中,即1mg精油溶解于10μL乙醇中,备用;
②将β-乳球蛋白(8μmol/L)溶于磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS,pH=6.0)中,磁力搅拌5h。
③在搅拌的条件下将冬青精油溶液缓慢滴入β-乳球蛋白溶液中,溶液中最终冬青精油浓度为3mg/mL,涡旋振荡2min,然后继续磁力搅拌1h。
④根据总体积加入聚环氧乙烷(35mg/mL)磁力搅拌4h,最后加入枸杞多糖(6 mg/mL)磁力搅拌过夜,磁力搅拌温度均为25℃,制得纺丝前驱体溶液,进行静电纺丝。
⑤注射器吸取2mL纺丝前驱体溶液组装好并开始纺丝,静电纺丝电压为20kV,推进速率为0.4mL/h,空气湿度控制在30%以下,经纺丝后得到冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维
实施例2冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维的表征
1实验仪器
扫描电子显微镜COXEM EM30PLUS北京天耀科技有限公司
2.实验方法
使用COXEM EM30PLUS扫描电子显微镜检查纳米纤维的形态。在真空下用Au/Pd混合物溅射不同的样品,且所有的扫描电镜实验在15kV下进行。
3.扫描电镜实验结果
扫描电镜图如图1所示,空白纯聚环氧乙烷纳米纤维(上图)和冬青精油/ 枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维(下图B)都具有良好的成丝性,相较纯聚环氧乙烷纳米纤维,添加了冬青精油/枸杞多糖后的纤维的成丝性不如纯聚环氧乙烷的纤维,但不影响包装使用。
实施例3冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维抗大肠杆菌活性测定
1实验材料
抗菌剂:纯聚环氧乙烷纤维;
冬青精油抗菌纳米纤维;
冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维
模式菌种:大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)
2实验方法
1)静电纺丝纤维膜处理
按照实施例1制备纳米纤维,冬青精油抗菌纳米纤维为基底材料中不加枸杞多糖的纳米纤维,烘箱干燥4h。将膜切成2cm×2cm的规格并放置于紫外灯下灭菌处理2h以备用。
2)实验测定
50mL的离心管中加入15mL磷酸盐缓冲液灭菌处理,将空白聚环氧乙烷纤维膜(2cm×2cm,5mg),冬青精油抗菌纳米纤维(2cm×2cm,5mg)和冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维(2cm×2cm,5mg)分别置于含有大肠杆菌(约为 105-6CFU/mL)的磷酸盐缓冲液中,离心管置于37℃的空气摇床中震荡反应。采用平板菌落计数法测定,分别在0.5、1、2、4和8h后取适量培养液进行10倍梯度稀释到102-103CFU/mL,然后移取100μL稀释液滴到固体培养基上,涂布均匀之后放入37℃恒温恒湿培养箱中倒置培养。24h后进行平板菌落计数,从而对抗菌纳米纤维的抗菌活性进行评价。实验一式三份,结果取平均值。
3)实验结果
由图2清晰可知,冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维具有更好的抑菌效果,冬青精油纳米纤维虽然有抗菌效果,但是基底加了枸杞多糖的抗菌纳米纤维对大肠杆菌抗菌效果明显更好。
实施例4冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维膜抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性测定
1实验材料
抗菌剂:纯聚环氧乙烷纤维;
冬青精油抗菌纳米纤维;
冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维
模式菌种:金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)
2实验方法
1)静电纺丝纤维膜处理
按照实施例1制备纳米纤维,冬青精油抗菌纳米纤维为基底材料中不加枸杞多糖的纳米纤维,烘箱干燥4h。将膜切成2cm×2cm的规格并放置于紫外灯下灭菌处理2h以备用。
2)实验测定
50mL的离心管中加入15mL磷酸盐缓冲液灭菌处理,将空白聚环氧乙烷纤维膜(2cm×2cm,5mg),冬青精油抗菌纳米纤维(2cm×2cm,5mg)和冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维(2cm×2cm,5mg)分别置于含有金黄色葡萄球菌 (约为105-6CFU/mL)的磷酸盐缓冲液中,离心管置于37℃的空气摇床中震荡反应。采用平板菌落计数法测定,分别在0.5、1、2、4和8h后取适量培养液进行10倍梯度稀释到102-103CFU/mL,然后移取100μL稀释液滴到固体培养基上,涂布均匀之后放入37℃恒温恒湿培养箱中倒置培养。24h后进行平板菌落计数,从而对抗菌纳米纤维的抗菌活性进行评价。实验一式三份,结果取平均值。
3)实验结果
由图3清晰可知,冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维具有更好的抑菌效果,冬青精油纳米纤维虽然有抗菌效果,但是基底加了枸杞多糖的抗菌纳米纤维对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌效果明显更好。

Claims (4)

1.一种冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:通过β-乳球蛋白对冬青精油进行包埋,制备成纳米粒子,接着以枸杞多糖为基底,用静电纺丝技术制备冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维,具体步骤如下:将冬青精油溶解于无水乙醇中得到溶液1,将β-乳球蛋白溶解于磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,磁力搅拌得到溶液2,在搅拌的条件下将溶液1缓慢滴入溶液2中,涡旋振荡,然后继续磁力搅拌得到溶液3,接着向溶液3中加入聚环氧乙烷第三次磁力搅拌,最后加入枸杞多糖磁力搅拌过夜,制得纺丝前驱体溶液,注射器吸取纺丝前驱体溶液进行静电纺丝,得到纳米纤维;所述纺丝前驱体溶液中,β-乳球蛋白的最终浓度为5-8 μmol/L,冬青精油的添加最终浓度为2-4 mg/mL;所述纺丝前驱体溶液中,聚环氧乙烷的添加量为30-40 mg/mL;枸杞多糖的添加量为5-8 mg/mL,磁力搅拌温度均为25℃;所述静电纺丝电压为15 kV-25 kV,推进速率为0.35-0.45 mL/h,空气湿度控制在30%以下。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:磷酸盐缓冲溶液的pH=6.0;磁力搅拌时间为5h,继续磁力搅拌时间为1h,第三次磁力搅拌时间为4h。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述溶液1的制备方法为:将冬青精油溶解于无水乙醇中,溶解比例为1:10(w/v),即1mg冬青精油溶解于10 μL乙醇中。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种冬青精油/枸杞多糖抗菌纳米纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述涡旋振荡,振荡时间为1-2 min。
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