CN112390848B - 一种具有抗氧化作用的珍珠粉多肽类提取物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种具有抗氧化作用的珍珠粉多肽类提取物及其制备方法。本发明通过弱酸法提取珍珠粉水溶性蛋白,优化反应条件(pH、温度、反应时间等),分析样品的羟基自由基清除效果,并测得蛋白得不同分子量占比情况,经测试证明该提取物具有良好的皮肤美白效果。本发明采用常温醋酸溶液辅助提取,获得了一个水溶性蛋白纯度较高(≥40.05%)的基质蛋白提取物,得到的蛋白均为10,000Da以下,0~2000Da的多肽含量占总蛋白的70%以上,更有利于人体吸收,其体外具有显著的羟基自由基清除效果;且工艺程序较为简单,无精细分离步骤,制备效率较高且成本较低,适合后续中试和工业化生产。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有抗氧化作用的珍珠粉多肽类提取物及其制备方法。
(二)背景技术
珍珠具备解痘疗毒、美白皮肤以及清目肤翳等功效。珍珠粉在医药、材料、护肤品等领域应用较广,具有加速愈合伤口、防止伤口发炎的医用疗效(Hsin-Ling Yang,Antihemolytic and antioxidant properties of pearl powder agains2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride-induced hemolysis and oxidative damage toerythrocyte membrane lipids and proteins.Journal of Food and Drug Analysis,2017)。珍珠粉精深加工一般是将下层珠粉化、乳化以及液化,制成药品、保健品、美容化妆品和其它综合珍珠制品(Hui-Fang Chiu,Efficacy of protein rich pearl powder onantioxidant status in a randomized placebo-controlled trial,Journal of Foodand Drug Analysis,2018)。现有的珍珠粉水解技术分为水溶性技术和非水溶性技术,水溶性技术通常采用乳酸水解法、酸-酶水解法、盐酸水解法、超声水解法、微波水解法、酶水解法、酸水解法等。非水溶性技术是以纳米珍珠粉为原料,采用低温减压真空干燥、超音速气流粉碎机粉碎、喷雾干燥等物理方法进行加工。如采用中性蛋白酶、乳酸水解珍珠粉,以水解度为指标,对加酶量、酶解温度、酶解时间、乳酸用量进行工艺参数优化制备水溶性珍珠粉,并测定其分子质量分布和清除超氧阴离子自由基能力(Yi-Chen Li,Pearl extractenhances the migratory ability of fibroblasts in a wound healing model,Pharmaceutical Biology,2013)。也可用纳米珍珠粉为原料,加入菠萝蛋白酶溶液和木瓜蛋白酶溶液进行溶解,低温减压真空干燥,超音速气流粉碎,得到富含活性肽的纳米珍珠粉。
珍珠粉水解技术影响着珍珠提取物的抗氧化及美白功效。“活性多肽”一般指含有2个至10个氨基酸的多肽,分子量在2kDa以下,是一类具有重要生理功能的活性物质,功能因子。以珍珠多肽为主的珍珠提取物,将其添加到B16黑色瘤细胞培养液中,研究珍珠提取物美白护肤的功效。在抑制黑色素方面,珍珠提取物较熊果苷能更显著抑制酪氨酸酶活性,珍珠提取物半抑制量为80mg/L(杨安全,珍珠提取物的美白功效研究,药物生物技术,2016)。研究发现,浓度为0.25%、0.5%、0.75%的珍珠水解液可以抑制黑色素细胞的黑色素合成,3种浓度下的珍珠水解液均可抑制相关基因TRP1 mRNA的表达(邓云云,珍珠水解液的美白作用机理研究,中国现代中药,2017)。
杨安全等人发明了“一种从珍珠蛋白中酶解分离珍珠活性多肽的方法”,声明了珍珠蛋白在皮肤美白护肤方面的作用。在珍珠蛋白溶液中加入磷酸盐缓冲液和中性蛋白酶,酶催化反应结束后在沸水浴灭酶即为珍珠活性多肽(公布号CN104911239A)。
龙凤娣的发明“一种纳米珍珠有机基质萃取与分子量分级的方法”,通过离心浓缩滤膜装置的离心浓缩分离方式,分离出分子量大于5kDa的第一珍珠有机基质萃取物及分子量小于5kDa的第二珍珠有机基质萃取物(公布号CN101381400A)。
吴婉莹等人发明了“珍珠蛋白的制备方法、由该方法制备的珍珠蛋白及其应用”,在珍珠粉末中加盐酸或醋酸,经搅拌离心得到沉淀,所得沉淀冻干即为角壳蛋白。该蛋白具有较好的抗酪氨酸酶的活性,可以作为美白产品的原料用于医药和化妆品(公布号CN106866807A)。
(三)发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有抗氧化作用的珍珠粉多肽类提取物及其制备方法,该方法不仅便捷、安全、低成本,而且有效提高了珍珠粉水溶性蛋白提取率,提取物具有良好的羟基自由基清除效果和皮肤美白作用。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种具有抗氧化作用的珍珠粉多肽类提取物,由如下方法制备获得:
(1)纳米珍珠粉40~60℃真空干燥后,称取珍珠粉,按照固液质量比1:10~1:30加入2~3mol/L醋酸水溶液,60~80rpm/min磁力搅拌2~5h,过滤,取上清得粗蛋白提取物;固液比如果太低,易导致珍珠粉溶解不充分;醋酸浓度如果过高,易导致蛋白失活;醋酸pH值范围2.1~2.2,加入珍珠粉反应完全,溶液pH值范围6.5~7.0,免去碱液调节pH值的步骤;
(2)步骤(1)所得粗蛋白提取物旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的1/8~1/10,500Da透析袋透析24~36h,每2~3h换水一次(由于样品中盐浓度过高,透析样品体积膨胀到原来的3~4倍);
(3)步骤(2)透析后的样品旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的1/8~1/10,冷冻干燥,即得所述具有抗氧化作用的珍珠粉多肽类提取物。
采用本发明方法,保留了珍珠蛋白的初始结构,为后期分析蛋白活性及结构奠定基础。提取保留的为水溶性酸性珍珠蛋白,上清液为可溶性蛋白提取液,沉淀为不可溶性蛋白提取物,相比于传统的酶解沉淀处理方法,本方法更多的保留了水溶性蛋白成分。
本发明还涉及制备所述具有抗氧化作用的珍珠粉多肽类提取物的方法,所述方法包括:
(1)纳米珍珠粉40~60℃真空干燥后,称取珍珠粉,按照固液质量比1:10~1:30加入2~3mol/L醋酸水溶液,60~80rpm/min磁力搅拌2~5h,过滤,取上清得粗蛋白提取物;
(2)步骤(1)所得粗蛋白提取物旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的1/8~1/10,500Da透析袋透析24~36h,每2~3h换水一次;由于样品中盐浓度过高,透析样品体积膨胀到原来的3~4倍;
(3)步骤(2)透析后的样品旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的1/8~1/10,冷冻干燥,即得所述具有抗氧化作用的珍珠粉多肽类提取物。
优选的,步骤(2)和(3)中所述旋转蒸发在40~50℃,真空度0.05~0.1Mpa条件下进行。本方法反应条件温和(常温20~30℃),浓缩过程温度40~50℃,充分保证了酶活性。各组分最后冻干前的浓缩,醋酸有刺鼻气味,醋酸溶剂蒸发完全,留有部分的水备后续冻干,不影响后续应用。
具体的,所述方法如下:
(1)纳米珍珠粉40~60℃真空干燥后,称取珍珠粉,按照固液质量比1:10~1:30加入2~3mol/L醋酸水溶液,60~80rpm/min磁力搅拌2~5h,0.45μm过滤膜过滤,取上清得粗蛋白提取物;
(2)步骤(1)所得粗蛋白提取物在40~50℃、真空度0.05~0.1Mpa条件下旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的1/10,500Da透析袋透析24h,每2h换水一次;由于样品中盐浓度过高,透析样品体积膨胀到原来的3~4倍;
(3)步骤(2)透析后的样品在40~50℃、真空度0.05~0.1Mpa条件下旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的1/10,冷冻干燥,即得所述具有抗氧化作用的珍珠粉多肽类提取物。
本发明还涉及所述珍珠粉多肽类提取物在制备抗氧化及美白化妆品中的应用。
本发明的有意效果主要体现在:本发明采用常温醋酸溶液辅助提取,获得了一个水溶性蛋白纯度较高(≥40.05%)的基质蛋白提取物,得到的蛋白均为10,000Da以下,0~2000Da的多肽含量占总蛋白的70%以上,更有利于人体吸收,其体外具有显著的羟基自由基清除效果;且工艺程序较为简单,无精细分离步骤,制备效率较高且成本较低,适合后续中试和工业化生产。
(四)附图说明
图1为本发明珍珠粉多肽类提取物制备工艺流程图;
图2为水溶性珍珠粉粗蛋白羟基自由基清除力测定;
图3为水溶性珍珠蛋白广义相对色谱。
(五)具体实施方式
为了加深对本发明的理解,下面将结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细描述,该实施例仅用于解释本发明,并不对本发明的保护范围构成限定:
实施例1:
纳米珍珠粉(由珍珠蚌培养获得,浙江长生鸟珍珠生物科技有限公司提供)50℃真空干燥(德国宾德Binder VD23真空干燥箱)→称取30g珍珠粉,加入300g 3mol/L醋酸水溶液→磁力搅拌4h,60rpm/min(磁力搅拌器,85-1,杭州大卫科教仪器有限公司),液体为淡黄色→过滤(过滤膜0.45μm),取上清液得水溶性粗蛋白提取物(滤渣为水不溶性粗蛋白固体)→旋转蒸发(旋转蒸发仪,R2002B,配循环水泵,上海申生科技有限公司),50℃,真空度0.1Mpa,浓缩至原有体积1/10(约30mL)→透析24h(500Da透析袋),每2h换水1次(体积扩增为90mL)→旋转蒸发(旋转蒸发仪,R2002B,配循环水泵,上海申生科技有限公司),50℃,真空度0.1Mpa,浓缩至原有体积1/10,即得珍珠粉多肽类提取物→测水溶性蛋白含量,进行体外羟基自由基清除活性评价→冷冻干燥,得到珍珠粉多肽类提取物(即水溶性蛋白),对其组分进行GPC成分分析。
经分析检测,所述珍珠粉多肽类提取物体外羟基自由基清除率最高可达77.88%,其IC50=190.80μg/mL,得率为1.78%,蛋白纯度41.90%。
体外羟基自由基清除效果活性评价:
向0.5mL样品液(样品为冷冻干燥后的固体粉末,蒸馏水溶解,浓度分别为100,150,200,250,300mg/mL)中依次加入0.5mL 6mmol/L水杨酸-无水乙醇溶液,0.5mL 9mmol/L硫酸亚铁溶液,0.5mL 0.072%过氧化氢溶液,加入蒸馏水使总体积达到2.5mL,在37℃下水浴30min,冷水冷却后,最后在510nm处测定吸光度。VC作为对照。其自由基清除率公式为:
清除率(%)=(A0-(Ai-Aj))/A0x100%
(A0:0.5mL 95%乙醇溶液(空白对照吸光度);Ai:0.5mL样品(样品吸光度);Aj:0.5mL样品+0.5mL 95%乙醇溶液(样品本底吸光度))
自由基清除活性半数抑制浓度(IC50)值表示。
GPC分析检测:
①提取物得率:(提取物干重/珍珠粉原料干重)×100%
②水溶性蛋白含量:采用BCA蛋白定量试剂盒法测定。
③GPC分析:GPC系统(waters1525&Agilent PL-GPC220,美国)。流动相:0.2MNaNO3 0.01M NaH2PO4。色谱柱:PL aquqgel-OH MIXED 8μm。流速1.0mL min-1,进样量10.0μL。柱温:30℃。运行时间:15min。每次进样之间用起始流动相平衡30min。通过分子量相对分布表格统计出各段分子量占比情况,结果如下:
表1:珍珠粉蛋白各组分得率
由表1可见,珍珠粉粗蛋白提取物的得率在2.3~2.5%(珍珠粉蛋白含量3%左右,这里的得率是最终获得的蛋白占珍珠粉质量百分含量),水溶性蛋白组分(珍珠粉多肽类提取物)得率1.5~1.8%,水不溶性蛋白组分得率0.5~1.0%。水溶性珍珠粉粗蛋白羟基自由基清除力测定结果见图2,经计算,其IC50值在124~125mg/mL。
表2:水溶性珍珠蛋白广义相对峰值表
水溶性珍珠蛋白广义相对色谱参见图3,水溶性珍珠蛋白广义相对峰值表参见表2;可见,水溶性珍珠蛋白的数均分子量为904Da,重均分子量为1735Da,分散性约为1.92,蛋白相对分子质量较小,大多数为小分子肽。
表3:水溶性珍珠蛋白分子量相对分布表
样品中蛋白纯度约为41.9%,表3为样品中水溶性蛋白分子量的占比数据,5000~7000Da的含量是0.62~0.75%,此段分子量含量较低。1000~2000Da的含量是43.51~47.26%,此段分子量占比最高。0~1000Da的含量是27.53~29.03%,2000~5000Da的含量是24.32~28.05%。
实施例2:
纳米珍珠粉(浙江长生鸟珍珠生物科技有限公司提供)40℃真空干燥(德国宾德Binder VD23真空干燥箱)→称取30g珍珠粉,加入600g 4mol/L醋酸水溶液→磁力搅拌2h,80rpm/min(磁力搅拌器,85-1,杭州大卫科教仪器有限公司),液体为橙黄色,→过滤(过滤膜0.45μm),取上清液得粗蛋白提取物→旋转蒸发(旋转蒸发仪,R2002B,配循环水泵,上海申生科技有限公司),48℃,真空度0.1Mpa,浓缩至原有体积1/10(约60mL)→透析24h(500Da透析袋),每2h换水1次(体积扩增为240mL)→旋转蒸发(旋转蒸发仪,R2002B,配循环水泵,上海申生科技有限公司),48℃,真空度0.1Mpa,浓缩至原有体积1/10→测水溶性蛋白含量,进行体外羟基自由基清除活性评价→冷冻干燥,即得珍珠粉多肽类提取物,对其进行GPC成分分析。经分析检测,所述珍珠粉多肽类提取物体外羟基自由基清除率最高可达75.25%,其IC50=190.16μg/mL,得率为1.63%,蛋白纯度40.05%。
实施例3:
纳米珍珠粉(浙江长生鸟珍珠生物科技有限公司提供)40℃真空干燥(德国宾德Binder VD23真空干燥箱)→称取30g珍珠粉,加入600g 2mol/L醋酸水溶液→磁力搅拌5h,60rpm/min(磁力搅拌器,85-1,杭州大卫科教仪器有限公司),液体为淡黄色→过滤(过滤膜0.45μm),取上清液得粗蛋白提取物→旋转蒸发(旋转蒸发仪,R2002B,配循环水泵,上海申生科技有限公司),47℃,真空度0.1Mpa,浓缩至原有体积1/10(约60mL)→透析24h(500Da透析袋),每2h换水1次→旋转蒸发(旋转蒸发仪,R2002B,配循环水泵,上海申生科技有限公司),47℃,真空度0.1Mpa,浓缩至原有体积1/10(体积扩增为210mL)→测水溶性蛋白含量,进行体外羟基自由基清除活性评价→冷冻干燥,即得珍珠粉多肽类提取物,对其进行GPC成分分析。经分析检测,所述珍珠粉多肽类提取物体外羟基自由基清除率最高可达80.76%,其IC50=185.85μg/mL,得率为1.80%,蛋白纯度45.61%。
Claims (5)
1.一种具有抗氧化作用的珍珠粉多肽类提取物,由如下方法制备获得:
(1)纳米珍珠粉40~60℃真空干燥后,称取珍珠粉,按照固液质量比1:10~1:30加入2~3mol/L醋酸水溶液,20~30℃下60~80 rpm/min磁力搅拌2~5h,过滤,取上清得粗蛋白提取物;
(2)步骤(1)所得粗蛋白提取物旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的1/8~1/10, 500 Da 透析袋透析24~36 h,每2~3 h换水一次;
(3)步骤(2)透析后的样品旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的1/8~1/10,冷冻干燥,即得所述具有抗氧化作用的珍珠粉多肽类提取物。
2.制备权利要求1所述具有抗氧化作用的珍珠粉多肽类提取物的方法,所述方法包括:
(1)纳米珍珠粉40~60℃真空干燥后,称取珍珠粉,按照固液质量比1:10~1:30加入2 ~3mol/L醋酸水溶液,20~30℃下60~80 rpm/min磁力搅拌2~5 h,过滤,取上清得粗蛋白提取物;
(2)步骤(1)所得粗蛋白提取物旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的1/8~1/10,500 Da 透析袋透析24~36 h,每2 h换水一次;
(3)步骤(2)透析后的样品旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的1/8~1/10,冷冻干燥,即得所述具有抗氧化作用的珍珠粉多肽类提取物。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(2)和(3)中所述旋转蒸发在40~50℃,真空度0.05~0.1 Mpa条件下进行。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于所述方法如下:
(1)纳米珍珠粉40~60℃真空干燥后,称取珍珠粉,按照固液质量比1:10~1:30加入2 ~3mol/L醋酸水溶液,20~30℃下60~80 rpm/min磁力搅拌2~5 h,0.45 μm过滤膜过滤,取上清得粗蛋白提取物;
(2)步骤(1)所得粗蛋白提取物在40~50℃、真空度0.05~0.1 Mpa条件下旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的1/10,500 Da 透析袋透析24 h,每2 h换水一次;
(3)步骤(2)透析后的样品在40~50℃、真空度0.05~0.1 Mpa条件下旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积的1/10,冷冻干燥,即得所述具有抗氧化作用的珍珠粉多肽类提取物。
5.权利要求1所述珍珠粉多肽类提取物在制备抗氧化及美白化妆品中的应用。
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