CN112385746A - 一种绿色生态药用猪饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种绿色生态药用猪饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种绿色生态药用猪饲料及其制备方法，属于猪饲料技术领域，以解决现有的猪长期食用抗生素导致一系列问题的缺陷，按重量份数计，所述猪饲料包括如下组分：秸秆粉55份，玉米15份，豆粕8份，菜籽粕13份，麦麸8份，菠菜9份，甜菜20份，胡萝卜6份，贝壳粉0.3份，骨粉0.3份，食盐0.15份，复合酶0.1份，中药浸提液0.25份，水55份，本申请的饲料搭配合理，还可以改善饲料口味，增加猪的食欲，复合酶能促进消化，刺激猪肠道土著微生物的生长繁殖，并配合中药浸提液，能预防和治疗猪常见疾病，各原料均为绿色原料，无任何化学添加剂或抗生物，饲喂后有利于猪的健康生长，无抗生物残留问题。
Description
技术领域
一种绿色生态药用猪饲料及其制备方法，本发明属于饲料技术领域，具体涉及猪饲料技术领域。
背景技术
我国是一个有着悠久历史的农业大国，养殖作为农业的重要组成部分，在农业的发展中有重要的作用，养猪业作为农业畜牧养殖中发展较为普遍的一个部分存在，对保障国民的物质生活有积极的作用。随着养猪业的快速发展，猪的各种疾病日趋严重，抗生素和激素是用于防治各种疾病的首选，常常被过度使用以保障动物健康，但是抗生素与激素使用过量会导致动物肉质下降，并产生耐药性，食用此种品质的肉类，人类健康也会受到严重影响。
猪在生长过程中会发生很多中常见的疾病，如猪水肿病，流行特点：该病是由病原性大肠杆菌产生的毒素引起的，主要发生在断奶后肥胖的体格强壮的仔猪，常突然发生，头部水肿，共济失调，迅速死亡，致死率高，防治：新霉素、硫酸钠、磺胺嘧啶、环丙沙星等治疗，其中新霉素是抗生素；猪蛔虫病，是造成养殖业巨大经济损失的最重要的寄生虫病，主要危害断奶后的猪，使幼猪生长发育不良，严重者形成僵猪，甚至引起死亡，防治：定期驱虫，并配合左旋咪唑和伊微菌素治疗，其中伊维菌素是抗生素；此外还有猪仔黄痢、猪仔白痢，分别需要配合新霉素和多粘菌素B硫酸盐治疗，二者均为抗生素。
猪在养殖过程中的常见疾病均离不开抗生素，长期食用抗生素不仅引起猪肠道菌群紊乱、细菌耐药性增强、引发过敏反应或毒副作用，导致疾病升级，还严重影响了动物产品质量和食用安全性，直接影响人类健康，同时，也造成了药物残留和环境污染。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：提供一种绿色生态药用猪饲料及其制备方法，以解决现有的猪长期食用抗生素导致一系列抗生素产生的问题的缺陷。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种绿色生态药用猪饲料，按重量份数计，所述猪饲料包括如下组分：秸秆粉30-80份，玉米10-20份，豆粕5-12份，菜籽粕6-20份，麦麸4-12份，菠菜6-12份，甜菜10-30份，胡萝卜2-10份，贝壳粉0.02-0.6份，骨粉0.02-0.6份，食盐0.01-0.3份，复合酶0.01-0.2份，中药浸提液0.01-0.5份，水10-100份。
本申请的技术方案中：秸秆粉是纤维饲料，玉米和麦麸是能量饲料，豆粕和菜籽粕是蛋白饲料，富含氨基酸、维生素和微量元素，菠菜被誉为“维生素宝库”，富含蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、钙、磷、铁、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、烟酸和维生素C，甜菜富含叶酸，锰，钾，铁和维生素C，胡萝卜富含多种维生素，如维生素A、B、C、D、E，尤其富含丰富的β胡萝卜素，其含有的胡萝卜素和类胡萝卜素作为天然的有机大分子还可以清除氧自由基，增强猪的免疫系统功能，此外还含有大量的可溶性糖、纤维素、蛋白质、花青素、矿物质元素以及果胶等，贝壳粉、骨粉和食盐是矿物饲料，主要满足猪生长对钙磷等矿物质的需要，食盐主要是补充氯、钠的饲料，可改善饲料的适口性，增进猪的食欲，帮助消化，复合酶能促进消化，将胃肠道内的大分子物质迅速分解为便于猪吸收利用的小分子物质，能抑制肠道病原微生物的繁殖，还能刺激肠道土著微生物的生长繁殖，强化微生物分解功能，中药浸提液含有主要的中药成分，能预防和治疗猪常见疾病。本申请中，能量饲料配合纤维饲料、蛋白饲料、矿物饲料，并通过添加菠菜、甜菜及胡萝卜补充维生素和中微量元素，还可以改善饲料口味，增加猪的食欲，复合酶能促进消化，刺激猪肠道土著微生物的生长繁殖，并配合中药浸提液，能预防和治疗猪常见疾病，各原料均为绿色原料，无任何化学添加剂或抗生物，饲喂后有利于猪的健康生长，无抗生物残留问题。
优选的，按重量份数计，所述猪饲料包括如下组分：秸秆粉55份，玉米15份，豆粕8份，菜籽粕13份，麦麸8份，菠菜9份，甜菜20份，胡萝卜6份，贝壳粉0.3份，骨粉0.3份，食盐0.15份，复合酶0.1份，中药浸提液0.25份，水55份。
优选的，所述秸秆粉为蚕豆秸秆粉、胡麻秸秆粉、小麦秸秆粉、油菜秸秆粉中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述复合酶，按重量份数计，包括蛋白酶2-6份、纤维素酶3-15份、淀粉酶2-8份，脂肪酶2-6份。
更为优选的，所述复合酶，按重量份数计，包括蛋白酶4份、纤维素酶9份、淀粉酶5份，脂肪酶4份。蛋白酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶，脂肪酶能迅速将猪胃肠道中的大分子物质分解为有利于猪吸收利用的小分子物质，促进消化，能抑制肠道病原微生物的繁殖，还能强化猪体内土著微生物的分解功能。
优选的，所述中药浸提液中，按重量份数计，包括如下组分：黄花菜6-12份，党参4-10份，山药2-8份，陈皮2-6份，炒山楂2-8份。
更为优选的，所述中药浸提液中，按重量份数计，包括如下组分：黄花菜9份，党参7份，山药5份，陈皮4份，炒山楂5份。
优选的，所述中药浸提液的制备方法如下：
步骤1、取上述重量份的黄花菜，党参，山药，陈皮，炒山楂混合，得混合物；
步骤2、将混合物用水煮2次，每次加水量为混合物重量的10-20倍，每次水煮提取1-3小时，进行固液分离，获得中药浸提液。
一种绿色生态药用猪饲料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按上述重量份，将玉米、豆粕、菜籽粕粉碎，并与秸秆粉和麦麸混匀，得原料A；
(2)按上述重量份，将菠菜、甜菜和胡萝卜切碎，得原料B；
(3)将原料A与原料B混合，按上述重量份，加入贝壳粉、骨粉、食盐和水搅拌均匀，之后再加入复合酶和中药浸提液混合均匀即得。
黄花菜又名金针菜，为百合科多年生草本植物，性甘，平，具有养血平肝，利尿消肿的功效，具有镇定神经的功效，能改善睡眠。
党参是桔梗科植物党参、素花党参、或川党参等的干燥根，味甘，性平，有补中益气、止渴、健脾益肺，养血生津的功效。
山药为薯蓣科植物薯蓣的干燥根茎，性甘，平，归脾、肺、肾经，有补脾养胃、生津益肺、补肾涩精的功效，山药还有抗氧化、改善肝损伤、调节免疫等作用，还具有益肾气，健脾胃，补中，益气力，长瘦肉的作用；
陈皮为为芸香科植物橘及其栽培变种的干燥成熟果皮，气香，味苦、辛，性温，具有理气健脾，燥湿化痰的功效；
炒山楂为蔷薇科植物山里红或山楂的干燥成熟果实，气清香，味酸、微甜，消食健胃，行气散瘀。
综上所述，由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明的有益效果是：
1、本发明中，能量饲料配合纤维饲料、蛋白饲料、矿物饲料，并通过添加菠菜、甜菜及胡萝卜补充维生素和中微量元素，还可以改善饲料口味，增加猪的食欲，复合酶能促进消化，刺激猪肠道土著微生物的生长繁殖，并配合中药浸提液，能预防和治疗猪常见疾病，各原料均为绿色原料，无任何化学添加剂或抗生物，饲喂后有利于猪的健康生长，无抗生物残留问题；
2、蛋白酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶，脂肪酶能迅速将猪胃肠道中的大分子物质分解为有利于猪吸收利用的小分子物质，促进消化，能抑制肠道病原微生物的繁殖，还能强化猪体内土著微生物的分解功能；
3、上述中药中黄花菜、党参、山药、陈皮及炒山楂均为药食同源的中药，黄花菜具有镇定神经的功效，能改善猪的睡眠，使猪睡眠好，生长好，免疫力和抗病性强，党参中含有挥发油，多种氨基酸，常量及微量元素，生物碱等，是保健饲料，具有较高的营养作用，能提高猪的免疫功能和抗应激能力，山药具有补脾养胃、帮助消化的作用，此外还含有猪生长所需的维生素和矿物质，其次山药中含有丰富的膳食纤维，可有效促进肠道吸收和蠕动，有增强猪免疫力，益心安神作用，陈皮具有促进消化、提高免疫力，降血脂，抗氧化和抗菌多种功效，炒山楂能提高饲料中蛋白质、脂肪的利用率，是理想的天然有机酸供应源，饲料适口性好，提高猪的采食量，减少猪肠道细菌性传染病的发生，提高猪的成活率；
4、因黄花菜中含有秋水仙碱，直接食用会出现急性中毒，本发明通过两次水煮，使秋水仙碱变性，彻底解决黄花菜的不良反应，保证猪的安全；
5、制备方法简单，可以制备拌和饲料也可造粒制成颗粒饲料。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种绿色生态药用猪饲料，按重量份数计，所述猪饲料包括如下组分：秸秆粉30份，玉米10份，豆粕5份，菜籽粕6份，麦麸4份，菠菜6份，甜菜10份，胡萝卜2份，贝壳粉0.02份，骨粉0.02份，食盐0.01份，复合酶0.01份，中药浸提液0.01份，水10份，秸秆粉为蚕豆秸秆粉，所述复合酶，按重量份数计，包括蛋白酶2份、纤维素酶3份、淀粉酶2份，脂肪酶2份，所述中药浸提液中，按重量份数计，包括如下组分：黄花菜6份，党参4份，山药2份，陈皮2份，炒山楂2份，所述中药浸提液的制备方法如下：
步骤1、取上述重量份的黄花菜，党参，山药，陈皮，炒山楂混合，得混合物；
步骤2、将混合物用水煮2次，每次加水量为混合物重量的10倍，每次水煮提取1小时，进行固液分离，获得中药浸提液。
一种绿色生态药用猪饲料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按上述重量份，将玉米、豆粕、菜籽粕粉碎，并与秸秆粉和麦麸混匀，得原料A；
(2)按上述重量份，将菠菜、甜菜和胡萝卜切碎，得原料B；
(3)将原料A与原料B混合，按上述重量份，加入贝壳粉、骨粉、食盐和水搅拌均匀，之后再加入复合酶和中药浸提液混合均匀即得。
实施例2
一种绿色生态药用猪饲料，按重量份数计，所述猪饲料包括如下组分：秸秆粉55份，玉米15份，豆粕8份，菜籽粕13份，麦麸8份，菠菜9份，甜菜20份，胡萝卜6份，贝壳粉0.3份，骨粉0.3份，食盐0.15份，复合酶0.1份，中药浸提液0.25份，水55份，秸秆粉为蚕豆秸秆粉，所述复合酶，按重量份数计，包括蛋白酶4份、纤维素酶9份、淀粉酶5份，脂肪酶4份，所述中药浸提液中，按重量份数计，包括如下组分：黄花菜9份，党参7份，山药5份，陈皮4份，炒山楂5份，所述中药浸提液的制备方法如下：
步骤1、取上述重量份的黄花菜，党参，山药，陈皮，炒山楂混合，得混合物；
步骤2、将混合物用水煮2次，每次加水量为混合物重量的15倍，每次水煮提取2小时，进行固液分离，获得中药浸提液。
一种绿色生态药用猪饲料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按上述重量份，将玉米、豆粕、菜籽粕粉碎，并与秸秆粉和麦麸混匀，得原料A；
(2)按上述重量份，将菠菜、甜菜和胡萝卜切碎，得原料B；
(3)将原料A与原料B混合，按上述重量份，加入贝壳粉、骨粉、食盐和水搅拌均匀，之后再加入复合酶和中药浸提液混合均匀即得。
实施例3
一种绿色生态药用猪饲料，按重量份数计，所述猪饲料包括如下组分：秸秆粉80份，玉米20份，豆粕12份，菜籽粕20份，麦麸12份，菠菜12份，甜菜30份，胡萝卜10份，贝壳粉0.6份，骨粉0.6份，食盐0.3份，复合酶0.2份，中药浸提液0.5份，水100份，秸秆粉为质量比为1:1的小麦秸秆粉和油菜秸秆粉，所述复合酶，按重量份数计，包括蛋白酶6份、纤维素酶15份、淀粉酶8份，脂肪酶6份，所述中药浸提液中，按重量份数计，包括如下组分：黄花菜12份，党参10份，山药8份，陈皮6份，炒山楂8份，所述中药浸提液的制备方法如下：
步骤1、取上述重量份的黄花菜，党参，山药，陈皮，炒山楂混合，得混合物；
步骤2、将混合物用水煮2次，每次加水量为混合物重量的20倍，每次水煮提取3小时，进行固液分离，获得中药浸提液。
一种绿色生态药用猪饲料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按上述重量份，将玉米、豆粕、菜籽粕粉碎，并与秸秆粉和麦麸混匀，得原料A；
(2)按上述重量份，将菠菜、甜菜和胡萝卜切碎，得原料B；
(3)将原料A与原料B混合，按上述重量份，加入贝壳粉、骨粉、食盐和水搅拌均匀，之后再加入复合酶和中药浸提液混合均匀即得。
试验例
设置试验组A、试验组B、试验组C和对照组，每组随机选20头饲养时间为2个月的健康猪，试验组A饲喂实施例1制备的猪饲料，试验组B饲喂实施例2制备的猪饲料，试验组C饲喂实施例3制备的猪饲料，对照组饲喂等量的本领域常规的猪饲料，整个饲喂过程中不添加任何抗生素和药物，所有组别的饲喂量按本领域常规的用量和次数饲喂，同时按本领域常规量喂水，每隔3天统计一次猪的发病情况，试验时长为60天，最后计算各组各种病的发病率，试验结果见表1。
表1试验组及对照组各病的发病率
由表1知，与对照组相比，食用本申请实施例1-3制备的猪饲料，且不饲喂任何药物和抗生物的条件下，显著降低了多种猪常见疾病的发生，猪的抗病能力明显增强。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种绿色生态药用猪饲料，其特征在于，按重量份数计，所述猪饲料包括如下组分：秸秆粉30-80份，玉米10-20份，豆粕5-12份，菜籽粕6-20份，麦麸4-12份，菠菜6-12份，甜菜10-30份，胡萝卜2-10份，贝壳粉0.02-0.6份，骨粉0.02-0.6份，食盐0.01-0.3份，复合酶0.01-0.2份，中药浸提液0.01-0.5份，水10-100份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种绿色生态药用猪饲料，其特征在于，按重量份数计，所述猪饲料包括如下组分：秸秆粉55份，玉米15份，豆粕8份，菜籽粕13份，麦麸8份，菠菜9份，甜菜20份，胡萝卜6份，贝壳粉0.3份，骨粉0.3份，食盐0.15份，复合酶0.1份，中药浸提液0.25份，水55份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种绿色生态药用猪饲料，其特征在于，所述秸秆粉为蚕豆秸秆粉、胡麻秸秆粉、小麦秸秆粉、油菜秸秆粉中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种绿色生态药用猪饲料，其特征在于，所述复合酶，按重量份数计，包括蛋白酶2-6份、纤维素酶3-15份、淀粉酶2-8份，脂肪酶2-6份。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种绿色生态药用猪饲料，其特征在于，所述中药浸提液中，按重量份数计，包括如下组分：黄花菜6-12份，党参4-10份，山药2-8份，陈皮2-6份，炒山楂2-8份。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种绿色生态药用猪饲料，其特征在于，所述中药浸提液中，按重量份数计，包括如下组分：黄花菜9份，党参7份，山药5份，陈皮4份，炒山楂5份。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的一种绿色生态药用猪饲料，其特征在于，所述中药浸提液的制备方法如下：
步骤1、取上述重量份的黄花菜，党参，山药，陈皮，炒山楂混合，得混合物；
步骤2、将混合物用水煮2次，每次加水量为混合物重量的10-20倍，每次水煮提取1-3小时，进行固液分离，获得中药浸提液。
8.一种如权利要求1-7任一项所述的绿色生态药用猪饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)按上述重量份，将玉米、豆粕、菜籽粕粉碎，并与秸秆粉和麦麸混匀，得原料A；
(2)按上述重量份，将菠菜、甜菜和胡萝卜切碎，得原料B；
(3)将原料A与原料B混合，按上述重量份，加入贝壳粉、骨粉、食盐和水搅拌均匀，之后再加入复合酶和中药浸提液混合均匀即得。
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