CN112385348A - Method for treating high-saline-alkali soil by using salt resistance and salt discharge of reed - Google Patents
Method for treating high-saline-alkali soil by using salt resistance and salt discharge of reed Download PDFInfo
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- CN112385348A CN112385348A CN202011217332.7A CN202011217332A CN112385348A CN 112385348 A CN112385348 A CN 112385348A CN 202011217332 A CN202011217332 A CN 202011217332A CN 112385348 A CN112385348 A CN 112385348A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for treating high-saline-alkali soil by using salt resistance and salt discharge of reeds. In order to fill up the blank of the prior art, according to the method for treating the high saline-alkali soil by using salt resistance and salt discharge of the reed, the reed stems are horizontally buried in the soil on two sides of the salt discharge ditch, and the root parts of the reed stems are exposed out of the side wall of the salt discharge ditch. In spring, the soil is dry and has large wind, and the salt content of the soil cannot be reduced by an irrigation salt washing method because the soil is lack of fresh water. However, the reed rod of the invention can continuously lead out the high-salt water in the soil according to the capillary principle, and evaporate and separate out saline-alkali particles or powder at the root of the reed, thereby reducing the salt content in the soil. By the design, the salt discharge capacity of the existing salt discharge ditch is enhanced, the content of the salt and alkali in the soil in the strong reverse salt period is reduced, the growth of crops is facilitated, and the salt and alkali content in the soil can be continuously reduced. The method for treating the high saline-alkali soil by using the salt resistance and the salt discharge of the reed is simple to operate, can effectively resist the salt, can continuously discharge the salt without irrigation and salt washing, and is suitable for comprehensive treatment of the high saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for treating high-saline-alkali soil by using salt resistance and salt discharge of reeds.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is a generic term for saline soil, alkaline soil, saline soil and alkaline earth. The salinization of soil seriously affects the agricultural production and the social and economic development of China, so the treatment and the restoration of saline-alkali soil are very important. Although the salinity in the soil can be reduced by taking measures of replacing the foreign soil, doping a chemical modifier, planting salt-tolerant plants and the like, the salinity is accumulated on the surface again under the long-term action of underground water, so that the secondary salinization of the soil is caused.
By exploring and practicing for many years, agricultural water conservancy technicians in China invent a technology for excavating salt discharge ditches and filling water to press salt, and obtain better effects. However, this method is highly dependent on fresh water sources or natural rainfall. 4-6 months per year is the strong salt-reversing period of the soil, and the salt content of the soil is reduced only when the rainwater is increased by 5-9 months. The prior art lacks a technology for discharging salt in water-deficient seasons.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of filling the gap in the prior art and provides a method for treating high-saline-alkali soil by using salt resistance and salt discharge of reeds.
In order to solve the technical problem, the method for treating the high saline-alkali soil by using the salt resistance and the salt discharge of the reed comprises the following steps:
firstly, primarily leveling a high saline-alkali soil to be treated by a bulldozer;
planning on the high saline-alkali soil to be treated, excavating a plurality of drainage ditches, wherein all the drainage ditches are more than one meter deep and are communicated with each other to form a drainage ditch network and are communicated with adjacent rivers, lakes or low-lying lands,
thirdly, a plurality of salt discharge ditches are planned in the land among the drainage ditches, the salt discharge ditches are uniformly arranged on the two sides of each drainage ditch at intervals and are vertically intersected with the corresponding drainage ditches,
the method is characterized in that:
finding out the middle line of the planned salt discharge ditch, scattering a marking line on the middle line by plant ash or lime or other powdery markers, and cutting or purchasing a sufficient amount of reed stalks for later use; a rear bulldozer board is additionally arranged at the rear side of the matched bulldozer,
pushing the soil 30-40 cm below the land surface of the high saline-alkali soil to expose the soil below the land surface by using the front soil shifter of the bulldozer in the direction parallel to the marking line, controlling the distance between the marking line and the nearest side of the front soil shifter within the range of 30-50 cm during the pushing process of the bulldozer, extruding the soil in front of the front soil shifter to the central line of the corresponding planned salt discharge ditch and covering the soil on the marking line to form a mark for replacing soil ridge,
laying reed rods with the thickness of 3-5 cm on the exposed soil, enabling the reed rods to be vertical to the salt discharge ditch when laying, enabling the root parts of the reed rods to be close to the middle lines of the corresponding salt discharge ditches,
sixthly, after the bulldozer moves forward for 20-30 meters, the bulldozer lifts the front bulldozer board, then moves forward and climbs over the soil pile formed in front of the bulldozer, then backs the bulldozer, pushes the soil pile flat by the rear bulldozer board, and covers the laid reed rods,
seventhly, repeating the fifth step and the sixth step until reed rods are embedded at two sides of the middle line of the planned salt discharge ditch,
replacing soil ridges along the marks, excavating corresponding salt discharge ditches, controlling the width of all the salt discharge ditches to be 0.6-1 m, controlling the maximum depth to be within 0.5-0.7 m, and controlling the cross sections to be inverted triangles or inverted trapezoids, exposing the root parts of reed stems at two sides of the salt discharge ditches out of the side walls of the corresponding salt discharge ditches, respectively placing the excavated marks on the outer edges of the soil at two sides of the corresponding salt discharge ditches to form water retaining weirs, and communicating all the salt discharge ditches with drainage ditches and discharging accumulated water into the drainage ditches;
then each escape canal, arrange the salt ditch between the soil plant crops can, the reed pole buries in high saline-alkali soil during, constantly through capillary principle, draw moist high saline and alkaline moisture, at naked reed pole root, high saline and alkaline water moisture constantly evaporates, separates out saline and alkaline granule or powder, when finding the interior more saline and alkaline granule or the powder of forming of salt ditch, collect back together with the broom, the dustpan, recycle or innocent treatment.
According to the invention, the reed stems are horizontally embedded into soil on two sides of the salt discharge ditch, and the root parts of the reed stems are exposed out of the side wall of the salt discharge ditch. In spring, the soil is dry and has large wind, and the salt content of the soil cannot be reduced by an irrigation salt washing method because the soil is lack of fresh water. However, the reed rod of the invention can continuously lead out the high-salt water in the soil according to the capillary principle, and evaporate and separate out saline-alkali particles or powder at the root of the reed, thereby reducing the salt content in the soil. By the design, the salt discharge capacity of the existing salt discharge ditch is enhanced, the content of the salt and alkali in the soil in the strong reverse salt period is reduced, the growth of crops is facilitated, and the salt and alkali content in the soil can be continuously reduced.
Because the soil microorganisms in the high saline-alkali soil are few, the reed is completely rotten into mud when being buried in the soil, and the long time is needed, the functions of capillary salt absorption and salt discharge are exerted for a long time.
As optimization, the distance between the middle lines of adjacent salt discharge ditches is 20-60 meters. By the design, the salt discharge effect is good, and meanwhile, the reed isolates most of the surface layer cultivated soil from the deep soil, so that the salt resistance effect is good.
The method for treating the high saline-alkali soil by using the salt resistance and the salt discharge of the reed is simple to operate, can effectively resist the salt, can continuously discharge the salt without irrigation and salt washing, and is suitable for comprehensive treatment of the high saline-alkali soil.
Drawings
The method for treating the high saline-alkali soil by using the salt resistance and the salt discharge of the reed is further explained by combining the attached drawings as follows:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fifth step of bulldozer bulldozing and laying reed rods (note: the arrow directions in FIGS. 1 and 2 are the advancing directions of the bulldozer) in the method for treating high saline-alkali soil by using reed to resist salt and discharge salt;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the sixth step of reversing the bulldozer, pushing the soil pile horizontally and covering the reed rods in the method for treating high saline-alkali soil by using the salt resistance and salt discharge of the reeds;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the vertical section structure of the salt discharge trench formed in the step viii of the method for treating high saline-alkali soil by using salt resistance and salt discharge of reeds (before the step viii, the salt discharge trench is only planned and is not actually excavated).
In the figure: the soil-shifting machine comprises a bulldozer 1, a salt discharge ditch 2, a reed rod 3, a rear soil shifting plate 4, a front soil shifting plate 5, a mark-substituted soil ridge 6, a soil pile 7, a water retaining weir 8 and a horizon line 9.
Detailed Description
The first implementation mode comprises the following steps: as shown in figures 1-3, the method for treating the high saline-alkali soil by using the salt resistance and the salt discharge of the reed comprises the following steps:
firstly, primarily leveling a high saline-alkali soil to be treated by using a bulldozer 1;
planning on the high saline-alkali soil to be treated, and excavating a plurality of drainage ditches (not shown in the figure), wherein all the drainage ditches are more than one meter deep and are communicated with each other to form a drainage ditch network and are communicated with adjacent rivers, lakes or low-lying lands.
And thirdly, planning a plurality of salt discharge ditches 2 in the land among the drainage ditches, wherein the salt discharge ditches 2 are uniformly arranged on two sides of each drainage ditch at intervals and are vertically intersected with the corresponding drainage ditches.
The method is characterized in that:
finding out the middle line of the planned salt discharge ditch 2, scattering a marking line (not shown in the figure) on the middle line by using plant ash or lime or other powdery markers, and cutting or purchasing a sufficient amount of reed stalks 3 for later use; a rear blade 4 is attached to the rear side of the bulldozer 1. Therefore, unnecessary turning and turning can be avoided, and the oil consumption is reduced.
Using front soil-shifting board 5 of bulldozer to push the soil 30-40 cm below the land surface of high saline-alkali soil to expose the soil below the land surface, controlling the distance between the mark line and the nearest side of the front soil-shifting board 5 within 30-50 cm, and extruding the soil in front of the front soil-shifting board 5 onto the central line of the planned salt-removing ditch 2 and covering the soil on the mark line to form mark substitute soil ridge 6 in the pushing process of bulldozer 1, as shown in figure 1.
And laying the reed rods 3 with the thickness of 3-5 centimeters on the exposed soil, wherein the reed rods 3 are perpendicular to the salt discharge ditch 2 when the reed rods 3 are laid, and the roots of the reed rods 3 are close to the middle lines of the corresponding salt discharge ditches.
After the bulldozer 1 moves forward for 20-30 meters, the bulldozer 1 raises the front bulldozer board 5, then moves forward and climbs over the soil pile 7 formed in front of the bulldozer board, then backs up the bulldozer, and pushes the soil pile 7 flat by the rear bulldozer board 4 and covers the laid reed rods 3, as shown in fig. 2.
Seventhly, repeating the fifth step and the sixth step until reed rods 3 are embedded at two sides of the middle line of the planned salt discharge ditch 2.
Eighthly, replacing the soil ridge 6 with the mark, excavating corresponding salt discharge ditches 2, controlling the width of all the salt discharge ditches 2 to be 0.6-1 m, controlling the maximum depth to be within the range of 0.5-0.7 m, wherein the cross sections of the salt discharge ditches are inverted triangles or inverted trapezoids, exposing the root parts of reed stems 3 at two sides of each salt discharge ditch 2 out of the side wall of the corresponding salt discharge ditch 2, respectively placing the excavated mark to replace the soil ridge 6 and soil below the soil ridge at the outer edge of the soil at two sides of the corresponding salt discharge ditch 2 to form a water retaining weir 8, and communicating all the salt discharge ditches 2 with a drainage ditch and discharging accumulated water into the drainage ditch, as shown in figure 3.
Then each escape canal, arrange the salt ditch 2 between the soil plant crops can, the duration reed pole 3 buries in high saline-alkali soil, constantly through capillary principle, draw moist high saline and alkaline moisture, at 3 roots of naked reed pole, high saline and alkaline moisture constantly evaporates, precipitate saline and alkaline granule or powder, when finding that forms more saline and alkaline granule or powder in the salt ditch, with the broom, the dustpan is collected the back together, recycle or innocent treatment. The distance between the middle lines of the adjacent salt discharge ditches 2 is 20-60 meters.
According to the invention, the reed rods 3 embedded at two sides of the salt discharge ditch play a role of a capillary suction pipe, salt can be effectively discharged, and the salt discharge amount and the alkali discharge amount of the salt discharge ditch additionally provided with the reed rod 3 layers can be increased by more than 30% by comparing the salt discharge ditches in the same section and the same specification, and the salt discharge ditch is most obvious in spring.
The present invention includes, but is not limited to, the above embodiments, and any products according to the claims are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for treating high saline-alkali soil by using salt resistance and salt discharge of reed comprises the following steps:
firstly, primarily leveling a high saline-alkali soil to be treated by a bulldozer;
planning on the high saline-alkali soil to be treated, excavating a plurality of drainage ditches, wherein all the drainage ditches are more than one meter deep and are communicated with each other to form a drainage ditch network and are communicated with adjacent rivers, lakes or low-lying lands,
thirdly, a plurality of salt discharge ditches are planned in the land among the drainage ditches, the salt discharge ditches are uniformly arranged on the two sides of each drainage ditch at intervals and are vertically intersected with the corresponding drainage ditches,
the method is characterized in that:
finding out the middle line of the planned salt discharge ditch, scattering a marking line on the middle line by plant ash or lime or other powdery markers, and cutting or purchasing a sufficient amount of reed stalks for later use; a rear bulldozer board is additionally arranged at the rear side of the matched bulldozer,
pushing the soil 30-40 cm below the land surface of the high saline-alkali soil to expose the soil below the land surface by using the front soil shifter of the bulldozer in the direction parallel to the marking line, controlling the distance between the marking line and the nearest side of the front soil shifter within the range of 30-50 cm during the pushing process of the bulldozer, extruding the soil in front of the front soil shifter to the central line of the corresponding planned salt discharge ditch and covering the soil on the marking line to form a mark for replacing soil ridge,
laying reed rods with the thickness of 3-5 cm on the exposed soil, enabling the reed rods to be vertical to the salt discharge ditch when laying, enabling the root parts of the reed rods to be close to the middle lines of the corresponding salt discharge ditches,
sixthly, after the bulldozer moves forward for 20-30 meters, the bulldozer lifts the front bulldozer board, then moves forward and climbs over the soil pile formed in front of the bulldozer, then backs the bulldozer, pushes the soil pile flat by the rear bulldozer board, and covers the laid reed rods,
seventhly, repeating the fifth step and the sixth step until reed rods are embedded at two sides of the middle line of the planned salt discharge ditch,
replacing soil ridges along the marks, excavating corresponding salt discharge ditches, controlling the width of all the salt discharge ditches to be 0.6-1 m, controlling the maximum depth to be within 0.5-0.7 m, and controlling the cross sections to be inverted triangles or inverted trapezoids, exposing the root parts of reed stems at two sides of the salt discharge ditches out of the side walls of the corresponding salt discharge ditches, respectively placing the excavated marks on the outer edges of the soil at two sides of the corresponding salt discharge ditches to form water retaining weirs, and communicating all the salt discharge ditches with drainage ditches and discharging accumulated water into the drainage ditches;
then each escape canal, arrange the salt ditch between the soil plant crops can, the reed pole buries in high saline-alkali soil during, constantly through capillary principle, draw moist high saline and alkaline moisture, at naked reed pole root, high saline and alkaline water moisture constantly evaporates, separates out saline and alkaline granule or powder, when finding the interior more saline and alkaline granule or the powder of forming of salt ditch, collect back together with the broom, the dustpan, recycle or innocent treatment.
2. The method for treating the high saline-alkali soil by using the salt rejection and the salt discharge of the reed as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the distance between the middle lines of adjacent salt discharge ditches is 20-60 meters.
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